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Organized by Otto von Bismark, then the German Chancellor, in 1884. Regulated European colonization and claims of the African continent, divided land among the 14 nations involved, especially France, Britain, Belgium and Germany. After ending in 1885, vast majority of African continent came under direct colonial control, with only a few nations remaining independent before being conquered later in the early 20th century.

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The Berlin Conference began in 1884. It represented the formal beginning of a time period known as the Scramble for Africa until some twenty years later. The conference, itself, lasted only 4 months, all while dividing Africa into multiple national properties.

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Spheres of Influence Determined by the Berlin Conference

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Spheres of Influence Determined by the Berlin Conference

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France:  Most of Sahara Desert, Madagascar
Britain:  Egypt, Libya, South Africa and former Boer nations
Belgium:  Congo Region in Central Africa
Germany: Small tracts in Central, East and West Africa

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Dissolution of most autonomous African states
Scramble for Africa
Rising imperialistic tensions leading up to First World War
Rising conflicts between colonists and natives, resulting in many small wars, such as the Boer War in South Africa

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BERLIN 1885: THE DIVISION OF AFRICA Trailer | Icarus Films

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At the Berlin Conference, European powers recognized Leopold's private claims to the Congo Free State, but called for free trade on the Congo and Niger Rivers. They came to an agreement that European powers could not claim a territory unless it set up a government office there.