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Caused by: chromosomal abnormality. 47 instead of 46 chromosomes.
Characteristics:

Poor muscle tone, slanting eyes, hyper-flexibility, short broad hands and feet, flat bridge of the nose, short neck and small head.

Usually smaller than non-disabled peers. Physical and intellectual development is slower.

Frequently have specific health related problems.

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Causes: Genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems at birth, health problems, 2/3rd of cases unknown.
Characteristics:

Limitations in mental functioning - communicating, taking care of themselves and social skills

Longer to speak, walk, dressing and eating.

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Definition: A seizure disorder that happens when a strong surge of electrical activity affects parts or all of the brain that control cognitive and physical functioning. Usually diagnosed when a person has two or more unprovoked seizures.
Characteristics:

Blackouts or periods of confused memory

Episodes of staring or unexplained periods of unresponsiveness

Involuntary movement of arms and legs

Fainting spells

Odd sounds, distorted perceptions, or episodic feelings of fear that cannot be explained.

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Definition: Impairment with respect to the educational environment that is due to:

Chronic health problems such as asthma, ADD or ADHD, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, Tourette syndrome; and

Adversely affects a child's educational performance.

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Definition: A condition caused by injury to the parts of the brain that control our ability to use our muscles and bodies.
Characteristics:

CP can be mild (child may be clumsy), moderate (child may walk with limp, need a leg brace or cane), severe (child may need a wheel chair and other special equipment).

Sometimes children with CP can have learning problems, problems with hearing or seeing, or intellectual disabilities.

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Definition: An impairment that happens in the first month of pregnancy and means the spine did not close completely. Damage to the nerves and the spinal cord may result.
Characteristics:

Muscle weakness or paralysis below the area of the spine where the incomplete closure (or cleft) occurs

Loss of sensation below the cleft, and

Loss of bowel and bladder control

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Definition: simultaneous impairment (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.) the combination of which causes severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for on of the impairments. Does not include deaf-blindness.
Causes: Often not known but some causes can include:

Chromosomal abnormalities

Premature birth

Difficulties after birth

Poor development of the brain or spinal cord

Infections

Genetic disorders

Injuries from accidents

Important to know:

Which individual disabilities are involved

How severe (or mild or moderate) each disability is

How each disability can affect learning and daily living

How the combination of disabilities affect the child's learning, balance, use of senses, thinking and so