# data[].attributes.body
It must describe the timeline (include this Padlet link in your product).

It must have the description of the connection between people, place and event.

As the historian, you will include your reflection on how this resource influence you in the future.

Your summative product can be infographic, video, or slide presentation.

# data[].attributes.body
Choose one significant event.

Plan and conduct investigation towards your chosen event and make the timeline using Padlet.

Choose a way to organize a resource about people, place and events that shaped the future, for your digital museum.

Create your product.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this event because I think the evolution of this modern device is incredible, all the way from car-sized computers back in the 18s to thin, high-quality, portable laptops. People like Steve Jobs (who created the first modern computer) and Bill Gates, (who made computer software company) made the future of the modern world with their passion and knowledge of technology that resulted into this high-tech modern era with so many gadgets to make lives easier. That's why I would like to study the timeline all the way from the 18s...

# data[].attributes.body
In the old ages, computers were never meant to be used as entertainment or communication. This is how America had come to its use. The United States were gaining population and it took an extremely long, long time to organize U.S. Census results. In fact, according to livescience.com, it took over seven years to tabulate the results by 1880!
The government at that time attempted to find a faster way to get the job done easily. They therefore invented the computer to help solve these problems.

Nowadays, people carry around cell phones about the size of a rectangular palette with much more technology compared to the old computers with limited functions. Let's go back to the past and study the timeline:

# data[].attributes.body
in 1914 Western Union create  "Metal Money," the precursor to the consumer credit card. in 1946 banker John Biggins launches the Charg-it card used in two-block redius of Biggins Bank.in 1950 the Diners club becomes the first multiperposed charge card, originally used by businessman Frank McNamara. in 1958 America Express luanches its first Charge card in US and Canada. in 1960 IBM engineer Forrest Parry invents the magnetic stripe  on credit cards and identification badges. in 1974 President Gerald Ford signs the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting creditor discrimination based on protected characteristics.in 1985 The first Discover credit card purchase is made for $26.77 at a Sears store in Atlanta, Georgia.in 2009 The Credit CARD Act of 2009 is enacted, adding protections for credit card customers.

# data[].attributes.body
Charles Babbage, who is a mathematician, formed the idea of a calculator. The invention, however, failed even with the U.S. supporting and fundraising the idea.

# data[].attributes.headline
The move towards greater equality for women in many parts of the world

# data[].attributes.subject
The move towards greater equality for women in many parts of the world

# data[].attributes.body
In 1957 Betty Friedan, an American housewife, mother and freelance journalist, sent questionnaires to her old classmates asking them to describe their lives since leaving college, 15 years earlier.

# data[].attributes.body
From their answers and other
research came her 1963 book
The Feminine Mystique, an instant
best-seller. It was much influenced
by Simone de Beauvoir’s 1949 study
The Second Sex, which argued that
men fundamentally oppress women
by characterising them, on every level,
as ‘the Other’: he creates, acts, invents;
she waits for him to save her, said
de Beauvoir. Friedan’s thesis was that
suburban middle class housewives
were not necessarily fulfilled by
housewifery and childbearing.

# data[].attributes.body
Tim Berners Lee was born in London. By the time he was little, his parents were computer scientist. Growing up, Tim modified most of his toys such as the train track. After graduating from Oxford, Tim worked at Cern. It was a laboratory where all scientist comes to. Tim had the idea to make the www because scientists at Cern had trouble finding information. Though his idea was not accepted as a official Cern project.  His boss gave Tim sometime to make the www. On 1990 October, Tim had already written the three fundemental technologies that is still in the www such as HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web.URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL.HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web. By 1991 23 August the www was introduced to the public.

# data[].attributes.body
On 9th September 2001, 2 planes got hijacked and were purposely crashed at the WTC and there were 2 other planes that crashed at the Pentagon and the Shanksville. It was a Middle Eastern terrorist group called Al-Qaeda. They wanted to attack special places in the US like World Trade Center, Pentagon, and Shanksville. The attack made the world shocked and the US wanted to kill the person who is behind all of this, Osama Bin Laden. After the 9/11 attack, the US made a memorial of 9/11 and was opened on September 11, 2011. During the 9/11 attack, there were 2,996 people died including the terrorists that committed suicide. After that Osama Bin Laden knew he was chased by the US and he hid in some cities in Pakistan but, they chose Abbottabad, Pakistan where then he later got killed on May 2, 2011. It nearly took the US a decade to kill Osama Bin Laden.

# data[].attributes.body
Much water has passed under the bridge since then. Legislation, affirmative action policies and international conventions dealing with gender equality have been critical in bringing about changes in societal attitudes, particularly in the developed world.

A strike by sewing machinists at the Ford car factory in
Dagenham for equal pay and against sex discrimination ultimately led to the passing of the Equal Pay Act 1970, the
first legislation in the United Kingdom aimed at ending pay discrimination between men and women.

# data[].attributes.body
Rebeca Grynspan, the Costa Rican economist and former UN Under- Secretary-General, has argued that if only one global development goal was to be adopted from 2015, it should be gender equality because empowering women has such broad ripple effects.

Families can prosper, children’s health and education improve and national growth expand by investing in women. ‘The character of this century will be determined by our ability to walk towards gender equality’, she says.

# data[].attributes.body
In many countries, however, domestic violence, forced marriage, honour killings and female genital mutilation are still part of the status quo. In the words of the Egyptian writer and commentator Mona Eltahawy, ‘Until the rage shifts from the oppressors in our presidential palaces to the oppressors on our streets and in our homes, our revolution has not even begun.’

# data[].attributes.headline
The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (UDHR)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (UDHR)

# data[].attributes.body
On 10 December 1948, the United the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Draft Committee had created human rights, because it can bring us peace. The human rights is to make equality and fairness to other people. The There are 30 articles of the human rights. In article 30th, it is written “No One Can Take Away Your Human Rights”. So that means people can live free. People judge others by there color, language, religion and more. African-Americans have a different skin tone, people judges that a lot. In article 1, it is written “We Are All Born Free & Equal”. So people should treat the way should want to be treated. Without the human rights, people will get tortured. MLK knows as Martin Luther King Jr. He make great speeches that can change the world. He protected the African-Americans from torture and wars. After WW2 happened (September 2, 1945). People doesn’t follow the human rights. The Allies and the Axis power had torture each other. About 5 million or more people died because of the WW2 event.

# data[].attributes.body
On 1939 Germany started to take over Poland. Then 2 days later, France and Britain declared war on Germany.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Industrial Revolution (1760 to 1820 and 1840)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Industrial Revolution (1760 to 1820 and 1840)

# data[].attributes.body
The industrial revolution first started at 1760 and was the transition from handmade resources and materials to new manufacturing processes in Britain, Europe and United States. Just like handmade  productions to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes are one of the world's greatest achievements. The increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools to mechanized factory systems are all now used to create all kinds of machines and manufacturing equipment, Roberts loom in 1835 was the leading industry of the Industrial Revolution, and mechanized factories, powered by a central water wheel or steam engines were the new workplace.

# data[].attributes.body
Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. The first textile created was by Samuel Slater, he is sometimes called the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution," because he was responsible for the first American-built textile milling machinery in Rhode Island. Now the mill he built is a museum dedicated to the history of textile manufacture.

The Industrial Revolution first began in Britain and many of the technological and architectural innovations were from British origin. By the mid-18th century, Britain was the world's leading commercial nation.

# data[].attributes.body
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history, this event became influential in some way. The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated by historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s. Most people find this event inspiring because of what we had in the past and how much us humans have made a huge impact for our future.

# data[].attributes.body
On August 6, 1945, during WW2 the United States denoted 2 bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing over 210.000 people.

# data[].attributes.body
A man named Herman Hollerith creates a computer system "punch cards" in New York City that was then used to calculate census.

# data[].attributes.body
J.V. Atanasoff and his student Clifford Berry plan a computer that will be able to do 29 equations all at the same time in Iowa State University. This design is the very first of a computer to memorize information.

# data[].attributes.body
The electric switch of the computer was invented by people from "Bell Laboratories" William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain. They discovered this useful computer part.

# data[].attributes.body
Computer language was discovered by Grace Hopper in Harvard University. This is now known as Common Business Oriented Language, shortened to the initials "COBOL".

# data[].attributes.body
Jack Kilby was given the Nobel Prize for Physics around the year 2000 for his invention in 1958 of the computer chip (or integrated circuits) which is used for computation. He achieved this discovery with Robert Noyce.

# data[].attributes.body
Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen writes the software for the Altair 8080, in the Popular Electronics magazine. They did this is Harvard University. The two people eventually creates a software company Microsoft.

# data[].attributes.body
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak create Apple Computers on April 1 in Los Altos, California. It is the first computer with only one circuit.

# data[].attributes.body
By now, computers have evolved with more fancy technology and better, high-quality versions than ever. Screens get clearer, gadget models modify into fresh new ones and people keep sprouting with ideas of great features to add into the modern world. Ever since the idea of this wonderful invention, things have gotten way easier for present people to continue with their lives.

# data[].attributes.body
Thanks to Livescience.com as the research resource for this timeline.

# data[].attributes.body
Tim saw that most scientist in Cern was struggling to find information. Tim had the idea to make the www for info. He proposed to his boss. Tim’s boss gave him time to make the www

# data[].attributes.headline
The work and influenceof Albert Einstein, 1879–1955

# data[].attributes.subject
The work and influenceof Albert Einstein, 1879–1955

# data[].attributes.body
Albert Einstein developed the general
theory of relativity, one of the two
pillars of modern physics, and was
awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.
He settled in the United States in the
1930s, after Hitler’s rise to power in
his native Germany, and became an
American citizen in 1940. On the eve of
the Second World War, he endorsed a
letter to President Franklin D Roosevelt
alerting him to the potential development
of ‘extremely powerful bombs of a new
type’ and recommending that the US
began similar research. This eventually
led to what would become the Manhattan
Project and the development of the
atomic bomb, but he largely denounced
the idea of using nuclear fission
as a weapon. Later, with the British
philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein
signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto,
which highlighted the danger of nuclear
weapons. A year before his death
he said ‘I made one great mistake in
my life – when I signed the letter to
President Roosevelt recommending
that atom bombs be made; but there
was some justification – the danger
that the Germans would make them...’
Einstein was a passionate, committed
anti-racist. He joined the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) and
campaigned for the civil rights of
African Americans. He considered
racism America’s ‘worst disease,’
seeing it as ‘handed down from
one generation to the next.’

# data[].attributes.body
Ozma, put the event u've chosen and complete the timeline. immediately pls.

# data[].attributes.body
waiting for your timeline Mita, pls start asap.

# data[].attributes.body
haven't got any idea for the event Zi? u need to hurry,

# data[].attributes.body
Devira, still blank? what's your difficulty?

# data[].attributes.body
Pls start ur timeline here immediately Alanna, tell us if u have difficulties

# data[].attributes.body
Draft Committee was the creator of UDHR. Draft Committee was created at February 1947. Draft Committee draft the human rights, because people torture each other in the Second World War. Millions of people died, and people don’t want it to happen again.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt delivered a speech in Paris, titled “The Struggle for Human Rights”. She helped created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

# data[].attributes.body
The General Assembly of the United Nations announced the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in Paris. The UN announced it at December 10 1938. 30 freedoms and rights for all of us. Now on December 10, it is officially human rights day.

# data[].attributes.body
On 10 December 1948, the General Assembly, meeting in Paris. In Paris people voted if they wanted human rights. Around 48 counties would want to follow the human rights. But 7 counties did not support the human rights to exist. After the UN announced the human rights, Elenor Roosevelt delivered a speech to talk about human freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
from march 1989 to 1990 October Tim Berners Lee had made fundemental technology in the world wide web which is, HyperText Markup Language. It is sort of an link of a website.

# data[].attributes.body
Humans have dreamed of spaceflight since antiquity and in 1946, the first US rocket mission called WAC Corporal reached the edge of space using the first (US designed rocket).

# data[].attributes.body
The world wide web was released on 23 August to the public. It was the first browser and page editor in the world.

# data[].attributes.body
The world wide web had millions of users at this point. It was very popular at that time.

# data[].attributes.body
The big software microsoft was interested in the world wide web. Microsoft then made its own web called the internet explorer. Soon later it was the most famous browser.

# data[].attributes.headline
The terrorIst attacks oF 11 september 2001, and the emergence oF InternatIonal terrorIsm

# data[].attributes.subject
The terrorIst attacks oF 11 september 2001, and the emergence oF InternatIonal terrorIsm

# data[].attributes.body
The history of our industry is still going, until our present now. The Industrial Revolution has 3 types and they are the steam engine, the age of science and mass production then lastly, the rise of digital technology. We now have modern sources to farm different manufacturing items. some known inventions during the industrial revolution was the sewing machine, electric motor, water wheels and many more. Those sources helped our industry materials grow and grow.

# data[].attributes.body
The first plane takes off from Logan International airport, Boston at 7:59, and was crashed at the north tower of the WTC in New York at 8:46  and it made everyone shock

# data[].attributes.body
A second plane takes off from Logan International airport, Boston. Seventeen minutes later, a second plane crashes into the south tower of the WTC in New York at 9:03 am. People were suspicious that this was not an accident and was actually a terrorist attack.

# data[].attributes.body
Apple had made its own browser called safari. It was different than others because it was the first ever browser with privacy.

# data[].attributes.body
At 11 September 2001 there is a American plane Flighted 11, there is a Boeing 767 is carrying an 81 peoples and 11 crew member. Leaving from Logan international Airport in Boston, Bound for Los Angeles international Airport

# data[].attributes.body
IE was very popular at the time. Only one browser was a challenge to IE. It was Mozillas firefox. It was made to adress issues very fast.

# data[].attributes.body
Google launched chrome. The website was really good because it had tabs. If one tab crashed, the whole browser would still be on. By 2013, chrome was the main browser. Microsoft discontinued IE and replaced it with Edge.

# data[].attributes.body
An American airline flight takes off from Washington Dulles International airport in Dulles, Virginia, and was hijacked over Ohio and was crashed at the west side of the Pentagon at 9:37 (the headquarters of the American military).

# data[].attributes.body
Albert Einstein developed the general
theory of relativity, one of the two
pillars of modern physics, and was
awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.

# data[].attributes.body
On the eve of the Second World War, he endorsed a letter to Presindent Franklin D Roosevlt alerting him to the potential development of extremely powerful bombs of a new type and recommending that the US began similar research.

# data[].attributes.body
The fourth and final attack was flown in the direction of Washington DC. The planes passengers knew the plane was hijacked and they tried to regain control of the plane. It eventually crashed to Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 10:03 am. Investigators determined that the flight was targeting either the White House or the US Capitol.

# data[].attributes.body
American civil war started in April 12 1861 when the southern forces shoot people in Fort Sumter, south Carolina

# data[].attributes.headline
ThE work AnD InflUEncE of AlbErT EInsTEIn, 1879–1955 

# data[].attributes.subject
ThE work AnD InflUEncE of AlbErT EInsTEIn, 1879–1955 

# data[].attributes.body
Albert Einstein developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.
He settled in the United States in the 1930s, after Hitler’s rise to power in
his native Germany, and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of the Second World War, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of ‘extremely powerful bombs of a new type’ and recommending that the US began similar research. This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb, but he largely denounced the idea of using nuclear fission
as a weapon. Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. A year before his death
he said ‘I made one great mistake in my life – when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification – the danger that the Germans would make them...’
Einstein was a passionate, committed anti-racist. He joined the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) and campaigned for the civil rights of African Americans. He considered racism America’s ‘worst disease,’ seeing it as ‘handed down from
one generation to the next.’

# data[].attributes.body
A memorial of 9/11 was opened on 11th September 2011. Every year a lot of people gather there to have a memorial of 9/11. The effect of the world is that many countries made their terrorist threat stronger so they can keep their country/city safe.

# data[].attributes.body
He settled in the United States in the
1930s, after Hitler’s rise to power in
his native Germany, and became an
American citizen in 1940.

# data[].attributes.body
This eventually become the Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb, but he largely denounced the idea of using nuclear fission as a weapon.

# data[].attributes.body
A year before his death he said "I made one great mistake in my life - when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification - the danger that Germans would make them..." Einstein was a passionate, committed anti-racist. He joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and campaigned for the civil rights of African Americans. He considered racism 'America's worst disease', seeing it as 'handed down from one generation to the next'.

# data[].attributes.body
Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russel, Einstein signed the Russel-Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons.

# data[].attributes.body
Now it is 2021, a long decade from 1948. UDHR make life more better, a very long time ago wars happened way to much. Now we are lucky that UDHR was created.

# data[].attributes.headline
American Civil War, First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861

# data[].attributes.subject
American Civil War, First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861

# data[].attributes.body
The First battle of bull run or the First Battle of Manassas, takes place near Manassas in northern Virginia and ends in a Confederate rout of Union forces.

# data[].attributes.headline
March 9, 1862 Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack

# data[].attributes.subject
March 9, 1862 Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack

# data[].attributes.body
In the first battle of ironclad warships, the Merrimack (which had been rechristened by the Confederates as the Virginia) clashes with the Union Monitor. Although the Union navy blockades 3,500 miles (5,600 kilometers) of Confederate coastline during the war, the Confederates excel at running the blockade.

# data[].attributes.body
General William T. Sherman takes Atlanta. Sherman used a "total war" strategy during his march through Georgia and the Carolinas. His forces damage crops, supplies, trains, bridges, and many small enterprises to erode support for the war.

# data[].attributes.body
Union forces rebound from near defeat to push the Confederate army back in a ferocious fight at Shiloh in southwestern Tennessee. Because of the massive fatalities, both forces are immobile for the next 3 weeks. The Union side has over 13,000 casualties, while the Confederate side has over 11,000. Union forces rebound from near defeat to push the Confederate army back in a ferocious fight at Shiloh in southwestern Tennessee. Because of the enormous fatalities, both sides are stopped for the next three weeks. The Union side has over 13,000 casualties, while the Confederate side has more 11,000.

# data[].attributes.body
General Lee is surrounded by Grant’s forces in Virginia. He finally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9.

# data[].attributes.headline
April 14 1865 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

# data[].attributes.subject
April 14 1865 Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

# data[].attributes.body
On April 14 Abraham Lincoln is shot in Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., by John Wilkes Booth. The president dies on April 15. Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes president. The death of Lincoln will make reconciliation between the North and South more difficult.

# data[].attributes.body
In September 1862 Lincoln called on the seceded states to return to the Union or have their slaves declared free. When no state returned, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The edict provided moral inspiration for the North and discouraged European countries from supporting the South. It also had the practical effect of permitting recruitment of African Americans for the Union army.

# data[].attributes.body
At 8:14 in United Airline flights 175, a Boeing 767, they are carrying 81 people and also 11 crews. Departs from Logan international airport. And arrived in Los angles international airport

At also 8:14
Flight 11 is hijacked over one central Massachusetts. There are five hijackers on board

# data[].attributes.headline
Napoleonic wars 18 May 1803 – 20 November  1815 background

# data[].attributes.subject
Napoleonic wars 18 May 1803 – 20 November  1815 background

# data[].attributes.body
The napoleonic wars lasted from 18 may 1803 - 20 november 1815, The napoleonic wars was wars that were mainly caused by napoleon, Mostly happening in eurupe, Causing 3,250,000 to 6,500,000 deaths, The reason why it was so important was because made france a dominant continental power.

# data[].attributes.body
in 1914 Western Union create  "Metal Money," the precursor to the consumer credit card.

# data[].attributes.body
in 1946, a mission called V-2 took a picture of earth from an altitude of 105 km. (USA)

# data[].attributes.body
American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757 with 58 people and 6 crews. departs from Washington Dulles International Airport for Los Angeles International Airport.

# data[].attributes.headline
Napoleonic wars timeline 21 July 1798- 20 November 1815 (important battles)

# data[].attributes.subject
Napoleonic wars timeline 21 July 1798- 20 November 1815 (important battles)

# data[].attributes.body
The first key battle was battle of pyramids, 21 July 1798, Only lasting from 1 - 2 hours in the french's invasion of Egypt, Only 300 french soldiers were killed mostly because the battle was small and quick, Causing minimum casualties, The next battle was the battle of Morengo, 14 June 1800, 1,100 men were killed in the battle, The battle only lasted for 1 day, Causing casualties to be minimum, The next battle is the Battle of Trafalgar, It was a naval battle between the British royal navy between the combined navy of the french and Spanish, The British won the battle because the British navy was more superior and trained than the combined french and Spanish forces, The battle happend at October 21 1805, 450 people died in the battle.

# data[].attributes.body
The background
However, the history of mobile phones goes back to 1908 when a US Patent was issued in Kentucky for a wireless telephone.

Mobile phones were invented as early as the 1940s when engineers working at AT&T developed cells for mobile phone base stations.
The very first mobile phones were not really mobile phones at all. They were two-way radios that allowed people like taxi drivers and the emergency services to communicate.

Instead of relying on base stations with separate cells (and the signal being passed from one cell to another), the first mobile phone networks involved one very powerful base station covering a much wider area.

The first handheld cellular phone call was made on April 3, 1973, by Motorola engineer Martin Cooper from Sixth Avenue in New York while walking between 53rd and 54th streets.

Cooper hoisted the 2 1/2-pound prototype to his ear and called a rival, Joel Engel of Bell Laboratories at AT&T, to declare that his Motorola team had devised a functional portable phone.

The clunky “shoe” phone, almost as big as a shoebox, allowed a user to talk for 35 minutes and required 10 hours to recharge, according to Wired magazine.

The early phones were too big and expensive to suit most consumers, but they set a precedent for today’s sleek and lightweight models that have become standard equipment for just about everybody.

History of Mobile Phone

Mobile telephony has a long history that started off with experiments of communications from and to moving vehicle rather then handheld devices.

1926: The first successful mobile telephony service was offered to first class passengers on the Deutsche Reichsbahn on the route between Berlin and Hamburg.

1946: The first calls were made on a car radiotelephone in Chicago. Due to the small number of radio frequencies available, the service quickly reached capacity.

1956: The first automated mobile phone system for private vehicles launched in Sweden. The device to install in the car used vacuum tube technology with rotary dial and weighed 40Kg.

1969: The Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) Group was established. It included engineers representing Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. Its purpose was to develop a mobile phone system that, unlike the systems being introduced in the US, focused on accessibility.

1973: Dr Martin Cooper general manager at Motorola communications system division made the first public mobile phone call on a device that weighed 1.1Kg.

1982: Engineers and administrators from eleven European countries gathered in Stockholm to consider whether a Europe wide digital cellular phone system was technically and politically possible. The group adopted the nordic model of cooperation and laid the foundation of an international standard.

1985: Comedian Ernie Wise made the first “public” mobile phone call in the UK from outside the Dicken’s Pub in St Catherine’s dock to Vodafone’s HQ. He made the call in full Dickensian coachman’s garb.

1987: The Technical specifications for the GSM standard are approved. Based on digital technology, it focused on interoperability across national boundaries and consequent different frequency bands, call quality and low costs.

1992: The world’s first ever SMS message was sent in the UK. Neil Papworth, aged 22 at the time was a developer for a telecom contractor tasked with developing a messaging service for Vodafone. The text message read “Merry Christmas” and was sent to Richard Jarvis, a director at Vodafone, who was enjoying his office Christmas party.

1996/97: UK phone ownership stood at 16% of households. A decade later the figure was 80%. The explosion in growth was in part driven the launch of the first pay as you go, non-contract phone service, Vodafone Prepaid, in 1996.

1998: The first downloadable content sold to mobile phones was the ringtone, launched by Finland's Radiolinja, laying the groundwork for an industry that would eventually see the Crazy Frog ringtone rack up total earnings of half a billion dollars and beat stadium-filling sob-rockers Coldplay to the number one spot in the UK charts.

1999: Emojis were invented by Shigetaka Kurita in Japan. Unlike their all-text predecessors emoticons, emojis are pictures. The same year in the UK sees the first shots fired in a supermarket price war, with Tesco, Sainsbury’s and Asda selling Pay and Go phones at discounted prices. For the first time, you could pick up a mobile phone for just under £40.

The first BlackBerry phone was also unveiled in 1999. Famous for its super-easy email service, BlackBerry handsets were seen as the ultimate business tool, allowing users to read and respond to emails from anywhere. This led to 83% of users reading and responding to work emails while on holiday, and over half admitted to sending emails on the toilet, winning the manufacturer the nickname CrackBerry.

2000: The all-conquering Nokia 3310 crash landed on shop shelves. Naturally it was unscathed and went on to sell 126 million units. Over in Japan, the first commercially available camera phone The Sharp J-SH04, launched in November 2000 in Japan. The only snag? you could only use it in Japan. Europe wouldn’t get its first camera phone until the arrival of the Nokia 6750 in 2002.

2003: The 3G standard started to be adopted worldwide, kicking off the age of mobile internet and paving the way for the rise of smartphones. Honk Kong-based Hutchinson Wampoa owned Three brand offered the first 3G network connection in the UK among other countries. Staying very much on-brand, Three ranged a trio of 3G handsets, namely: the Motorola A830, the NEC e606 and NEC e808.

2007: The iPhone debuted. Solely available on O2 at launch in the UK and priced at a then eye-watering $499, Nokia CEO confidently dismissed it as little more than a ‘cool phone’ that wouldn’t translate column inches into market share.

2008: The first Android phone turned up, in the form of the T-Mobile G1. Now dubbed the O.G of Android phones, it was a long way from the high-end Android smartphones we use today. Not least because it retained a physical keyboard and a BlackBerry-style trackball for navigation. This year also saw the advent of both Apple’s App Store and Android Market, later renamed Google Play Store, paving the way for our modern-day app culture and creating a $77 billion industry.

2009: O2 publicly announced that it had successfully demonstrated a 4G connection using six LTE masts in Slough, UK. The technology, which was supplied by Huawei, achieved a peak downlink rate of 150Mbps.

2010: Samsung launched its first Galaxy S smartphone. Usurping former Android giants, HTC, the Samsung Galaxy S range is still the most popular Android brand.

2012: When text messages first arrived, most people didn’t think they’d catch on. Ten years later, Britons were sending a billion messages per month. In 2012, British text volume reached its highest point, with 151 billion sent in the UK alone.

2016: The Pokemon Go app launched worldwide. The free augmented reality game uses the smartphone camera and location to show Pokemon characters in the real world. The aim of the game is to travel to different locations to collect as many Pokemon as possible, leading countless gamers to walk into lamp-posts in their quest to catch ‘em all.

2017: The Nokia 3310 had a revival, sporting a fresh version equipped with basic web browsing, a colourful screen and even a camera. Despite this, it still retained our favourite features from the original 3310, including the iconic design, super-long battery life and even an updated version of Snake. Needless to say, it stole the show at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) tech expo and was one of the biggest hits of the year.

Apple marked ten years in the smartphone game with the all-screen iPhone X and ditched a physical home button for the first time.

These early mobile phones are often referred to as 0G mobile phones, or Zero Generation mobile phones. Most phones today rely on 3G, 4G and now 5G

Mobile phone nowadays
I think its a important thing for us because nowadays lots of people have it and use it for communication and also for others stuff. Mobile phone nowadays is like a little computer, you can do anything in one hand easily.

# data[].attributes.body
United Airlines Flight 93, a Boeing 757 with 37 passengers and 7 crew members, departs from Newark International Airport, bound for San Francisco International Airport.

# data[].attributes.body
Flight 175 is hijacked above northwest New Jersey. There are five hijackers on board.

Flight 11 crashes into the north face of the North Tower (1 WTC) of the World Trade Center, between floors 93 and 99. All 92 people on board are killed.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1946 banker John Biggins from New York launches the Charg-it card used in two-block redius of Biggins Bank.

# data[].attributes.body
The Diners club in China becomes the first multiperposed charge card, originally used by businessman Frank McNamara.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1958 America Express luanches its first Charge card in US and Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1960 IBM engineer Forrest Parry invents the magnetic stripe on credit cards and identification badges.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1974 President Gerald Ford signs the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting creditor discrimination based on protected characteristics.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1985 The first Discover credit card purchase is made for $26.77 at a Sears store in Atlanta, Georgia.

# data[].attributes.body
In 2009 The Credit CARD Act of 2009 is enacted, adding protections for credit card customers.

# data[].attributes.body
Flight 77 is hijacked above southern Ohio. There are five hijackers on board.

# data[].attributes.body
Flight 175 crashes into the south face of the South Tower (2 WTC) of the World Trade Center, between floors 77 and 85. All 65 people on board are killed.

# data[].attributes.body
Flight 93 is hijacked above northern Ohio. There are four hijackers on board.

# data[].attributes.body
Flight 77 crashes into the western side of The Pentagon. All 64 people on board are killed.

# data[].attributes.body
A dog was sent to space in 1951 mission R-1. It was the first dog to be sent to space. (USSR)

# data[].attributes.body
Smart phone is very useful for nowadays activities, it can help us to do everything we want only by clicking the phone on our hands. first of all,  personal cell phones have been around for the first time since the 1970s, The creation of the smartphone excited American consumers in entirely new ways. so where have we come since that history day in 1992 and how has the invention of the smart phone gone on to influence us as humans and consumers?

Let’s take a walk through time and see when each revolutionary development came to be.

# data[].attributes.body
It wasn’t until the year 2000 that the In other words, a mobile communications standard was built to allow portable electronic devices access to the Internet wirelessly.

This upped the ante for smartphones now making things like videoconferencing and sending large email attachments possible. However, accessing the internet from your phone came with a price tag. While the price of the device had decreased to the $300 – $700 range, the cost of data wasn’t worth the squeeze for most.

# data[].attributes.body
One of the most influential years for smartphone evolution was 2007. It was year Steve Jobs and the team at Macworld revealed the very first iPhone. Not only was this the sleekest touch screen device to hit the market, it was also the first device that offered a full, un-watered down version of the internet. The very first iPhone gave consumers the ability to browse the web just as they would on a desktop computer.

The device was offered at a 4GB level ($499) and 8GB ($599). It boasted a battery life with 8 hours of talk time (rivaling the 1992 smartphones measly 1 hour of juice) as well as 250 hours of standby time! And while there were kinks (don’t we all remember how much easier it was to type on a blackberry vs. the original one finger at a time iPhone?) it still made a mark on the industry that lasts to this day.