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The Melanau are regarded as among of Sarawak's oldest inhabitants. Until recently, the Melanau did not use the word Melanau to refer to themselves. They are known as a-likou, which translates as "people of the river." According to legend, one of Brunei's Sultans bestowed the name Melanau to the residents of central Sarawak's coastal marsh flats and riverbanks.

Melanau get their identities from others such as parents, friends, relatives, and instructors as a result of their group connection. The self is a component of the community, family, clan, village, and bureaucracy. The fundamental unit that determines Melanau duties, obligations, and status in the community is the family.

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The Ibans are part of Dayak people of Borneo. In old times, they were called “Sea Dayaks” by the British because of their settlements on the coastline but slowly, they moved further inland. The Iban were known for tribal and territorial expansion and have created many enemies for them. They were also known as “headhunters” back in colonial times.

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Batak Lampung is one of the traditional games that were created by Iban people in the old times. This game will be played during Gawai Festival and it is very famous. In the past, Batak Lampung was played by the men of Iban to show their strength and to strengthen the relationship between their people. Nowadays. Iban women will also play this game and have the same purpose.

The word “Batak” means to pull in the Iban language while “Lampung” refers to the light-medium piece of wood that is used in the game.

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KOTA SAMARAHAN: A rare traditional game or sport of the Iban community called 'Batak Lampung' has a huge potential into becoming an international sport.

Sarawak Dayak National Union (SDNU) President I, Dr Gluma Saban said like any other sports in the world it just need to be introduced to the international arena to gain recognition.

" The sport is easy to master and learn and it should be taken up by our young people or else this traditional game will perish," he said.

"It is up to us to promote it and make it a sport icon and even go to the international stage," he added when officiating at the Traditional Sport Carnival held at Kampung Rembus Kota Samarahan here yesterday.

"And if we have the support of top people and sport agencies it can go far," he enthused.

He said the main objective of bringing the traditional sport carnival to Kampung Rembus for the first time was to foster closer ties among the SDNU members in the village and the local village folk.

On SDNU, Gluma said the non governmental organisation is a platform where the Dayaks can voice issues affecting their community such as on education .

He thanked the headmaster of SK Kampung Rembus Bhill Diway and Ketua Kampung Janang Ajak for their support in letting them use the school facilities for the carnival.

Besides Batak Lampung, blowpipe competitions were also held where many attractive prizes in cash and trophies were up for grabs for participants who came from as far as Julau District.

The event was jointly organised by SDNU and its Samarahan Branch . Also present were SDNU executive committee

and SDNU sub-committee chairman for Sport and Social activities Dato Paduka Dr Anthony Nait and SDNU secretary general Spencer Birang.

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Turn 'Batak Lampung' into a major sport - SDNU | Borneo Post Online

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KOTA SAMARAHAN: A rare traditional game or sport of the Iban community called 'Batak Lampung' has a huge potential into becoming an international sport.

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In this video, you could seen that two players were holding to "Lampung" and there's a plank that between their foot.

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The origins of this distinct ethnic group can be traced back 500 to 600 years to the arrival of Chinese traders in the Malay Peninsula, the nucleus of which was Malacca, the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. These traders did not bring their wives with them, and many of them intermarried with local women. Intermarriage between the Babas and the Malays eventually ceased, and the Babas married exclusively amongst themselves for hundreds of years, becoming an endogamous and elite group.

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Cherki is a card game played with decks of 60 cards. This game was played mostly by Nyonya ladies. Many of these ladies sold jewelry to have enough money to play the game, so popular it was. This game is similar to the Chinese game of Mahjong.

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Each card must be repeated four times, so two packs of 60 cards are required. Coins, Strings, and Myriads are the three suits of cards. Each string contains nine value cards. Red Flower, White Flower, and Old Thousand are special cards.

It is possible for 2 to 6 players to participate. A dealer shuffles the deck and instructs the player on the left to cut it. The player to the left of the dealer starts the game and takes his turn. The goal is to make three sets of three cards of the same value. The winner is the first player to do so.

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Kadazan, also known as Dusun or Kadazan Dusun, is a phrase that refers to a group of people that form the biggest indigenous ethnic group in the Malaysian state of Sabah, which is located on the island of Borneo's northeastern tip. The Kadazan are concentrated in the coastal plain from Kudat to Beaufort, as well as in the highlands around Tambunan. They speak Kadazan, an Austronesian language with many varieties.

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Rampanau, also known as Minsurukud, is popular among the Dusun populations in Sabah, particularly in the districts of Tambunan, Keningau, and Ranau. Due to the effect of the flow of epoch modernity, this game is now only visible in the Pesta Kaamatan celebration, which is the festival following the harvesting season, and is seldom performed by the communities.

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This game is often played with a sago palm tree branch, hard wood, and two bamboo sticks ranging in length from three to ten metres and particularly constructed as high heel shoes. The sago palm tree branch and firm wood are used to support the feet. The bamboo is punched to create a hole ranging in size from eight to five centimetres. To play, participants must walk or run while utilising this 'rampanau' gadget. Players who are knocked down are called losers.

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This is how they play Rampanau

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Sukan Rakyat Sabah | Lumba "Rampanau" (perempuan)

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In this video, it shows how to make the tools for Rampanau

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From 1880 to 1930, the Orang Jawa ('people of Java,' also known as 'Javanese') moved from Central Java, Indonesia, to Malaysia. They went in search of a better life away from the Dutch colonists who governed Indonesia at the time. Today, the Orang Jawa may be found across Peninsular Malaysia, including Perak, Selangor, and Kedah. There are also isolated villages in Sabah's coastal regions. Some Jawa have even risen to positions of power in society. Selangor's Chief Minister is descended from Orang Jawa forefathers.

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One of Indonesia's traditional games is dhakon or Congklak, which is called by several names in different parts of the country. Congklak, the most frequent term, is derived from the cowrie shell, which is usually used to play the game. The game is known as macala in Malaysia, and it is also recognised as such in several Sumatran regions. This game is known as congklak, dakon, dhakon, or dhakonan in Java. The game is known as dentuman lamban in Lampung. The game is known as Mokaotan, Maggaleceng, Aggalacang, and Nogarata in Sulawesi.

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The Dakon game employs a playing board with 14 holes and two huge holes on the left and right end. Each of the seven little holes on the player's side and the huge hole on the right side are believed to belong to the player. This game may only be played by two individuals at a time. Dakon initially fills each little hole with seven seeds. The person who starts can select the hole to be taken and place one in each hole on the right, and so on.

When the seeds run out in a little hole containing other seeds, he can take the seeds and continue filling; if it runs out in his huge hole, he gets a rare opportunity by picking a small hole on his side. If it runs out in a little hole on the side, he comes to a halt and collects all the seeds on the other side. However, if it comes to a halt at an empty hole on the opposite side, it comes to a halt and receives nothing.

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Pisa Tibow is a Melanau ethnic game that is commonly performed in combination to welcome the fruit season, which is normally at the beginning of the year. This game is also popular, especially among the younger generation, because they look for soul partners during the fruit season. This game was formerly played at full moon since the environment around the playing venue seemed dazzling.

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Tibow generally played in the open space or towards the village's back end. Typically, the game location should be soft gravel rather than rock-hard gravel. Even in certain instances, sand is used to keep players who fall swinging from suffering significant injury.

Except for some basic wood as a ladder rack, the building of this tibow column required two wooden poles each of a length over 30 feet. Rotan sega and young leaves are hammered to create a penghayun cymbal and a drum set, while melela is hammered to enliven the ambiance and add an uproar.

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In this video, we could see that Melanau people are playing Tibow

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Assalamualaikum and a very good day. My name is Muhammad Farez Azrul Bin Mohd Fudzi from group LG2431A. I'm a student of Bachelor of Degree in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

This assignment is about research on the cultural element of "Traditional games" covering 5 ethnic groups which are Iban, Baba Nyonya, Kadazan, Javanese, and Melanau.

It is really fun to do research on these ethnicities because their culture is far deeper than I expected. It is an honor for me to do this assignment and increase my knowledge of others' cultures.

I hope it will be a blast for you to learn more about others' cultures through my portfolio.

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·    Introduction
·    Table of content
·    Iban (Batak Lampung)
·    Baba Nyonya (Cherki)
·    Kadazan (Rampanau)
·    Javanese (Dhakon)
·    Melanau (Tibow)
·    Reflection
·    References