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In the year 400 BCE, Democrotis invented the idea of Atoms and his Atomic Model . In his experiments he sought to answer the question "How finely can one go cutting up matter." His experiment was cracking and breaking a seashell apart until he couldn't. This led him to the conlusion that an atom, or "atomos" meaning "not to be cut", is the building block for all life.

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John Dalton started his experiments on 1803. His experiments consitsted of working ob mixtures of gases and observed how different gases reacted to their mixtures. At the conlcusion of his experiments he hypothesized that the particles of the gases in each mixture were of different sizes. His discovery was that atoms are what make up all matter, and that they cannot be created or destroyed.

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dmitri mendeleev creation of the periodic table

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In his experiemnts, dmitri mendeleev made a list of the elements. They were ordered by there elements symbol, and putting down their atomic weight. This was his discovery of the Periodic Table. This would later pave the foundation to the modern Periodic table.

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An example of J.J Thomson's Atomic Model

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In J.J Thomsons experiments, he used a cathode ray tube to show that all atoms contain smaller, negatively charged, particles he called "electrons." These particles were thought to be contained inside an atom. In these expirements he found that, in atoms there are smaller negatively charged particles now called electrons.

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a more modern looking depiction of an Atom

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In 1898, Ernest studied the radiation emitted from radioactive elements and named them alpha and beta. Then in 1911, he discovered that the nucleas in an atom is very small and also very dense. He also found out that the nucleas was positively charged and that the electrons were outside the nucleas. Although in a later experiemnt he found that this had actually disproven his orignal theory, he found this out by using alpha models as atomic bullets and shot them onto a gold foil. He later established that atoms have a central charge, they have a nucleas surrounded by orbiting electrons, and that Atoms are not invisible.

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Niels experiment was to "improve" on what Rutheford previous model. He brought the idea that electrons move around the nucleas in specific "layers" or shells and every atom has a specific number of electron shells.

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An example of using a gamma ray miscroscope to find the location of a electron

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Werner heisenberg experiment was when he considered trying to measure the position of an electron with a gamma ray microscope. When the light that was used to illimnate the electron would give it a "kick", which would chnage the illuminate in a strange way. This is when he discovered that it is impossible to find the position of an electron because it is to unpredictable and fast.

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Erwin Schrodinger devoleped the "Schrodinger Wave" equation. He made this by applying it to the hydrogen atom, and by doing this he was able t predict its properties with great accuracy. He created this model that introduced the concept of sub energy levels. He used his equations to predict the location of finding electrons in specific postions.

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THrough his experiments, he found the existence of the nuetron. He found the nuetron by bombarding Beryllium with alpha particales. After he did this, radiation showed penetration which then revealed the nuetron. SOme people say this led to the invention of the atomic bomb, because this also revealed that the atom could be split.