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The Sympathetic Nervous System: known as Thoracolumbar Division or "Fight or Flight"

The Parasympathetic Nervous System: known as Craniosacral Division or "Rest and Digest"

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Parasympathetic:

Acetylcholine

Sympathetic:

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

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Sympathetic: Norepinephrine is released at the postganglionic nerve endings. Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla

Parasympathetic: Acetylcholine is released at the ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings (applies to both systems)

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alpha 1- found on glands, smooth muscles membranes of arteries, veins, and eyes

alpha 2- located on adrenergic nerve endings

beta 1- located in the heart

beta 2- located on smooth muscle, lungs, skeletal muscle & coronary arteries

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muscarinic- located on glands, cardiac and smooth muscle; also at postganglionic nerve endings

nicotinic 1 (Nn)- located at ganglia of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings

nicotinic 2 (Nm)- located on neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle, somatic neurons

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These receptors are all stimulated by acetylcholine and have these effects:

Heart- decreases heart rate

Lungs- decreases respiration (bronchoconstriction)

Eyes- pupillary constriction

Gastrointestinal system- increases digestion

Relaxes muscles

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Norepinephrine:

Arteries & veins- Vasoconstriction (same effect with EPI)

Eye- Dilation (same effect with EPI)

Heart- Moderate increase in heart rate and contraction

Adrenergic nerve ending- a decreased release of norepinephrine

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Sympathomimetics: adrenergic, agonists

alpha 1- vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure

alpha 2- decreases release of norepinephrine

beta 1- increased heart rate and contraction

beta 2- bronchodilation, increased blood flow to heart and skeletal muscle

Sympatholytics: adrenergic blockers, antagonists

alpha 1- vasodilation, decreased blood pressure

beta 1- decreased heart rate and force of contraction

beta 2- smooth muscle contraction

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Epinephrine:

Heart- Greater increase in heart rate and contraction

Adrenergic nerve ending- a decreased release of norepinephrine

Bronchiolar smooth muscle- Bronchodilation

Uterus- Relaxation

Coronary & skeletal muscle blood vessels- Vasodilation

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Parasympathomimetics: agonists, cholinergics

Direct- mimics acetylcholine and bind to musarinic receptors; increase GI actions and urinary function, causes pupillary constrction

Indirect- inhibit acetylcholine and causes accumulation; increases strength of muscular contractions

Parasympatholytics: antagonists, anticholingerics

Acts as a blocking drug by competitive antagonism of acetylcholine

decrease vagus nerve activity in heart; increases heart rate

reduces GI secretions

produce depressant effect

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Sympathomimetics:

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

Sympatholytics:

doxazosin (Cardura®)
terazosin (Hytrin®)

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Parasympathomimetics:
Direct- pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
Indirect- neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

Parasympatholytics:
dicyclomine (Bentyl®)