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Who determines cause of death?
Germanic and Slavic societies made law that medical experts must be the ones to determine cause of death in crimes. These practices are still relevant today

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Chinese used fingerprints to establish identity this was important event because it showed us how to see and use fingerprints at a crime scene nowadays.

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First forensic science manual published by the Chinese. This was the first known record of medical knowledge being used to solve criminal cases. It helps understand how to solve criminal cases.

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First recorded instance of physical matching of evidence leading to a murder conviction (John Toms, England). Evidence was a torn edge of newspaper in a pistol that matched newspaper in his pocket.`

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Chemical testing utilized. James Marsh, an English chemist, uses chemical processes to determine arsenic as the cause of death in a murder trial. This was one of the first time chemical testing was used in a crime.

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Fingerprint ID used in crime
Juan Vucetich, an Argentinean police officer, is the first to use fingerprints as evidence in a murder investigation. He created a system of fingerprint identification, which he termed dactyloscopy.

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First fingerprint prisoner ID used.NY state prison system implemented fingerprint identification.

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Hair now used in forensics.
Victor Balthazard and Marcelle Lambert publish first study on hair, including microscopic studies from most animals. First legal case ever involving hair also took place following this study.

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Victor Balthazard realizes that tools used to make gun barrels never leave the same markings, and individual gun barrels leave identifying grooves on each bullet fired through it. He developed several methods of matching bullets to guns via photography.

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Crime labs built.First police crime lab established in Los Angeles.

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(Lie detection)Prototype polygraph, which was invented by John Larson in 1921, developed for use in police stations.

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Voice recording, used as evidence. A sound spectrograph discovered to be able to record voices. Voiceprints began to be used in investigations and as court evidence from recordings of phones, answering machines, or tape recorders.

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Advances in residue detection. Technology developed at Aerospace Corporation in the US to detect gunshot residue, which can link a suspect to a crime scene, and can show how close that suspect was to the gun.

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Advances in DNA lead to conviction. DNA fingerprinting led to conviction of Colin Pitchfork in the murder of two teenage girls. This evidence cleared the main suspect in the case, who likely would have been convicted without it.

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DNA evidence certified. National Academy of Sciences announces DNA evidence is reliable.

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Faster fingerprint IDs. FBI establishes the integrated automated fingerprint identification system, cutting down fingerprint inquiry response from two weeks to two hours.

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Faster DNA IDs. Technology speeds up DNA profiling time, from 6-8 weeks to between 1-2 days.

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Footwear detection system. Britain's Forensic Science Service develops online footwear coding and detection system. This helps police to identify footwear marks quickly.

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Detection after cleaning. A way for scientists to visualize fingerprints even after the print has been removed is developed, relating to how fingerprints can corrode metal surfaces.

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4 second dental match. Japanese researchers develop a dental x-ray matching system. This system can automatically match dental x-rays in a database, and makes a positive match in less than 4 seconds.