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Subject and Object Pronouns | English Grammar

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Dependent and independent clauses | Syntax | Khan Academy

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Demonstrative Pronoun | This That These Those

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Spanish possessive adjectives are adjectives that indicate who or what possesses or owns something.

Short-form and Long-form Adjectives

There are two different forms of Spanish possessive adjectives: short-form and long-form adjectives. Let's take a look at each type!

Short-form Possessive Adjectives

Short-form possessive adjectives are the most common way to express possession. They must agree with the noun they describe in gender and number. This doesn't end up being too complicated, because only and have distinct masculine and feminine forms.

List of Short-form Possessive Adjectives

Mi is an example of a short-form possessive adjective with only two distinct forms.

Nuestro is an example of a short-form possessive adjective with four distinct forms.

Check out these examples of sentences with short-form possessive adjectives.

Tricky Cases

In Spanish, possessive adjectives are normally not used when talking about body parts. They're also often not used when talking about abstract concepts or something that it is obvious that only the speaker could possess. Instead, you'll see a definite article used in Spanish, though in English translations a possessive adjective may be used.

Body parts

Possessive Prepositional Phrases

Since su be translated so many ways ( his, her, formal singular your, their, formal plural your), it is sometimes helpful to use a prepositional phrase with personal pronouns or names instead.

For example, the sentence Atlanta es la capital de ( Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.) is more explicitly clear than Atlanta es su ( Atlanta is its capital.) - Wait, whose capital? His? Hers? Yours? Theirs?

Here's how to form this type of possessive phrase:

Long-form Possessive Adjectives

Long-form possessive adjectives are used to emphasize the owner of something, to contrast one owner with another, or to emphasize a personal relationship. They must match the noun they modify in both gender and number in all forms. They are used less often than short-form possessive adjectives, but you should still know them.

List of Long-form Possessive Adjectives

Long-form possessive adjectives are placed after the noun they modify. In the case of long-form possessive adjectives, you do often use an article (such as or ) before the adjective if you are talking about a common noun.

Check out these examples!

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Spanish Grammar Articles and Lessons | SpanishDict

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Spanish possessive adjectives are adjectives that indicate who or what possesses or owns something. There are two different forms of Spanish possessive adjectives: short-form and long-form adjectives. Let's take a look at each type! Short-form possessive adjectives are the most common way to express possession.

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Definition of Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points towards the noun it replaces, indicating it in time, space, and distance. It can be singular or a plural; it may be a near demonstrative, "this, that," or a far demonstrative, "that, those."

Demonstrative pronouns play the same role other pronouns do. They can work both as subjects as well as objects, usually describing places, things, animals, and people. There are four demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, and those. For instance, "After surveying the ground, Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill ..." ( Animal Farm, by George Orwell).

Common Use of Demonstrative Pronoun

These are obedient children.

This is my father's suit.

Felix selected that.

That may take some time to finish.

Tess, would you please send this?

Difference between Demonstrative Pronoun and Demonstrative Adjective

Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives are similar, as both of them use similar words for each other. The difference between them is that demonstrative pronouns replace nouns, for instance:

This looks like a wonderful car that I would drive.

These are comfortable shoes, however do not look so.

In these lines, "this" and "these" are demonstrative pronouns, replacing the nouns, "car," and "shoes."

However, demonstrative adjectives are also known as demonstrative determiners, which come before nouns, but do not replace them. For instance:

Here, "this" and "these" are demonstrative adjectives, coming before nouns.

Examples of Demonstrative Pronoun in Literature

Example #1: A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens)

"With those words the passenger opened the coach-door and got in; not at all assisted by his fellow-passengers... That's right, that's right. Courage! Business! You have business before you; useful business..."

In these lines, Dickens has used "that" twice, which is a demonstrative pronoun, and replaces some statements mentioned earlier. But "those" is a demonstrative adjective which comes before the noun.

Example #2: The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald)

" This idea is that we're Nordics. I am, and you are, and you are, and - -" After an infinitesimal hesitation he included Daisy with a slight nod, and she winked at me again."

" This was untrue ...

"They had spent a year in France for no particular reason, and then drifted here and there unrestfully ... This was a permanent move, said Daisy over the telephone, but I didn't believe it ..."

In this example, the author has used "this" three times. The first instance ("This idea") is a demonstrative adjective, while the second and the third instances ("This was untrue," and "This was a permanent move") are demonstrative pronouns, used to point towards some action taking place in a particular time.

Example #3: To the Lighthouse (by Virginia Wolf)

"What people had shed and left - a pair of shoes, a shooting cap, some faded skirts and coats in wardrobes - alone kept the human shape and in the emptiness indicated how once they were filled and animated ...

"At that season who had gone down to pace the beach and ask of the sea and sky what message they reported or what vision they affirmed had to consider among the usual tokens of divine bounty ... "

Here, "those" is a demonstrative pronoun that replaces the noun "people." The first one directs towards the position of the people in place, and the second one directs towards the position of the people in time.

Example #4: Animal Farm (by George Orwell)

"The next moment he and his four men were in the store-shed with whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals could bear."

" This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood ... he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?"

In this excerpt, the author has used the words "this" and "that" as demonstrative pronouns. " This was more than ..." uses the pronoun to replace the description of a scene.

The second use of "this," in " This morning I saw you," serves as a demonstrative adjective, specifying which morning. "What does that mean," uses the demonstrative pronoun to point toward a situation that had happened earlier.

Function

The function of a demonstrative pronoun is to point out the location and time of objects or persons in a description. It typically performs the function of a pronoun by referring to a task, an event, a situation, a person, or an object. It can serve as a subject, direct or indirect object, object of preposition, prepositional complement, and object complement within a sentence. It also gives additional information about literal and figurative distance of the clause, phrase or word that it replaces

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Demonstrative Pronoun - Examples and Definition

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Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points towards the noun it replaces, indicating it in time, space, and distance. It can be singular or a plural; it may be a near demonstrative, "this, that," or a far demonstrative, "that, those." Demonstrative pronouns play the same role other pronouns do.