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Propagandists were mainly young mestizo or creole men who studied in Spanish universities in Spain. They were influenced heavily with the Enlightenment ideals that they discovered in their western education.

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the first Filipino nationalism movement from 1872-1892

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*nationalism = identification with one’s own nation and support for their interests, advocacy of or support for the political independence of a particular nation or people, patriotism

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inspired by the Enlightenment ideals of human rights, constitutionalism, and anti-clericalism

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Jose Burgos was a Filipino Roman Catholic priest who wanted to reform the Spanish rule in the Philippines. He earned a doctorate in philosophy and canon law. He helped regular Filipinos rise up against the powerful and corrupt church that Spain had brought with its imperialism. He was executed after the Philippine Revolution.

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Even though the movement failed because of how heavy and intense Spanish imperialism was, it caused people to be conscious of the need for nationalism and independence.

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Jose Rizal was the leader of the movement, who wrote newspaper articles in Spain and the Philippines about the need for reform. He was also a physician because of his medical studies at the University of Madrid. He published moving, and very popular novels that exposed the corruption of the Spanish rule in the Philippines. He advocated for the Philippines to become a province of Spain, representation in the Spanish parliament, Filipino priests in the church, freedom or assembly/expression, and law-bound equality of Filipinos and Spaniards. He was executed by a firing squad in Manila

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mostly in Barcelona where the propaganda newspapers were published, but the propaganda also made its way to most of the Philippine islands

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1870-1895

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The lack of education for Filipino people on the islands caused the young men to go off to Spain for education.

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Filipino people wanted equal rights with Spain, so they advocated for the assimilation of their islands into being a Spanish territory, with them as Spanish citizens. This way, both people groups would theoretically be equalized.

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Living conditions for Filipino people were initially not good.

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José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines-died December 30, 1896, Manila), patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.

The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.

In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines. A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. He published an annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona. Rizal's political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.

Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret society, revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote "Último adiós" ("Last Farewell"), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.

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The most famous author was José Rizal, who wrote a series of brilliant social novels, beginning with Noli me tangere ("Touch Me Not"). Other prominent writers, all essayists, were Mariano Ponce and Rafael Palma. There were poets also-for example, José Palma, whose poem "Filipinas" was later adopted as the national...

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José Rizal, this movement's most brilliant figure, produced two political novels- Noli me tangere (1887; Touch Me Not) and El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)-which had a wide impact in the Philippines. In 1892 Rizal returned home and formed the Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded...

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...Kartini and the Filipino patriot José Rizal. The newer generation, however, was more certain in its opposition to colonial rule (or, in Siam, rule by the monarchy), clearer and far more political in its conception of a nation, and unabashedly determined to seize leadership and initiative in their own societies....

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Jose Rizal | Biography, Education, Full Name, & Facts

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Jose Rizal, patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. He committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, which he agitated for in his published works. He was arrested, tried for sedition, and executed in 1896.

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If the movement succeeded, the Philippines would have become a Spanish territory, and most likely would have been directly assimilated in the country of Spain. Even today, there is still Spanish influence in the Philippines, and there would have been even more if the movement accomplished what it was intended too.

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The propaganda was released through newspapers published in Barcelona then shipped to the Philippines.