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When the Civil War broke out Clara Barton was of of the first volunteers to aid the Washington Infirmary to care for wounded soldiers. Clara was names "Angel of the Battle Field" for her work. She worked for the intentional Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. She then later created an American branch of the organization. Clara Barton founded the Red cross,  being its first president.  Abraham Lincoln appointed her General Correspondent for the Friends of Paroled Prisoners. Her job as a correspondent was too respond to anxious inquiries from the friends and relatives of missing soldiers.

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Ida was one of the most influential civil rights activist during the 19th century. Ida first attacked the ostracization of black people in Chicago. She wrote a pamphlet sponsored by Fredrick Douglas and others. She carried on her anti-lynching campaign, working against woman's suffrage, and segregation. She helped block the establishment of segregated schools in Chicago.

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Stonewall Jackson was a war hero and one of the South’s most successful generals during the  Civil War.  Jackson led a brigade at the Battle of First Manassas. After this battle he earned the nickname "Stonewall". He rushed his troops forward to close a gap in the line against the Union attack. Jackson was known for his rapid movement and surprise tactics. Jackson was shot and lost his arm in the Battle of Chancellorsville, leading him to die from his injuries.

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The Freedman's Bureau was established in 1865 by Congress. The bureaus mission was to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the after the Civil War. They provided food, housing and medical aid. They established schools and offered legal assistance. The Freedman's Bureau also attempted to settle former slaves on land abandoned during the war.

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The Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist terrorist group who's primarily target is black people. Although they primary target African Americans, they also targeted Jews, homosexuals, essentially anyone anyone who is not white. The Klan was founded in 1865 and extended into almost every southern state by 1870. The goal of the KKK was to scare African Americans from voting and destroy the reconstructing government. Cross burning's by the KKK have been used as a traditional symbol by Klan groups, used both in Klan rituals as well as in attempts to intimidate and terrorize victims of Klan groups.

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Jim Crow laws were  laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Jim Crow Laws existed 100 years from the post-Civil War era until 1968. “Jim Crow” came to be a derogatory term for African Americans. The Jim Crow Laws came soon after the ratification of the 13th amendment. Segregation was enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals, etc.