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the ability of different media (solids, liquids, and gases) to transmit sound;

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Key concepts:

1. transverse waves;

2. the visible spectrum;

3. opaque, transparent, and translucent;

4. reflection of light from reflective surfaces;

5. refraction of light through water and prisms

WAVES & PARTICLES

Light has properties of both a wave and a particle. Recent theory identifies light as a small particle, called a photon. A photon moves in a straight line. In both the light wave and photon descriptions, light is energy.

Because light has both electric and magnetic fields, it is referred to as electromagnetic radiation.

Light waves move as transverse waves and travel through a vacuum at a speed of approximately 186,000 miles per second (2.99 x 10⁸ meters per second).

Compared to sound, light travels extremely fast. It takes light from the sun less than 8½ minutes to travel 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) to reach Earth.

Unlike sound, light waves travel in straight paths called rays and do not need a medium through which to move.

A ray is the straight line that represents the path of light.

A beam is a group of parallel rays.

WAVELENGTH & FREQUENCY

Light waves are characterized by their wavelengths and the frequency of their wavelengths

The size of a wave is measured as its wavelength, which is the distance between any two corresponding points on successive waves, usually crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough. The wavelength can be measured from any point on a wave as long as it is measured to the same point on the next wave.

Frequency is the number of waves passing a given point every second. The greater the frequency, the greater the amount of energy.

TRANSPARENT, TRANSLUCENT, OPAQUE

Light passes through some materials easily (transparent materials), through some materials partially (translucent materials), and through some not at all (opaque materials). The relative terms transparent, translucent, and opaque indicate the amount of light that passes through an object.

Examples of transparent materials include clear glass, clear plastic food wrap, clean water, and air.

Examples of translucent materials include wax paper, frosted glass, thin fabrics, some plastics, and thin paper.

Examples of opaque materials include metal, wood, bricks, aluminum foil, and thick paper.

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Key concepts: transverse waves; the visible spectrum; opaque, transparent, and translucent; reflection of light from reflective surfaces; refraction of light through water and prisms WAVES & PARTICLES Light has properties of both a wave and a particle. Recent theory identifies light as a small particle, called a photon.

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Practice 5.1 questions

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WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an object does not change. (Weight of an object changes based on the gravitational pull on it. A person will have the same mass on Earth, Mars, and our moon. However, his or her weight on our moon will be 1/6 of what it is on Earth and will be 1/3 as much on Mars.)

PHASES OF MATTER : SOLID, LIQUID, GAS

Matter can exist in several distinct forms which are called phases. The three basic phases of matter generally found on Earth are gas, liquid, and solid. (Though other phases of matter have been identified, these are the phases of matter that fifth-grade students are expected to know.)

Characteristics of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

As its temperature increases, many kinds of matter change from a solid to a liquid to a gas. As its temperature decreases, that matter changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid.

ATOMS, MOLECULES, ELEMENTS

All matter, regardless of its size, shape, or color, is made of particles (atoms and molecules) that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

There are more than 100 known elements that make up all matter.

A few of the more familiar elements include: hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), helium (He), carbon (C), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).

The smallest part of an element is an atom.

MIXTURES & COMPOUNDS

When two or more elements combine to form a new substance, it is called a compound.

There are many different types of compounds because atoms of elements combine in many different ways (and in different whole number ratios) to form different compounds.

Examples include water (H2O) and table salt (NaCl). The smallest part of a compound is a molecule.

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that do not lose their identifying characteristics when combined. A solution is a mixture in which one substance dissolves in another.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology is the study of materials at the molecular (atomic) scale. Items at this scale are so small they are no longer visible with the naked eye. Nanotechnology has shown that the behavior and properties of some substances at the nanoscale (a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter) contradict how they behave and what their properties are at the visible scale. Many products on the market today are already benefiting from nanotechnology such as sunscreens, scratch-resistant coatings, and medical procedures.

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WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an object does not change. (Weight of an object changes based on the gravitational pull on it. A person will have the same mass on Earth, Mars, and our moon.

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Important features of the ocean floor near the continents are the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the continental rise.

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changes in Earth's crust due to plate tectonics

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motion is described by an object's direction and speed;

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ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Electrical to
Mechanical (motion)

Electrical to
Light (radiant)

Electrical to
Thermal (heat)

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Electrical energy can be transformed into light or motion, and can produce thermal energy.

describe the types of energies (i.e., thermal, radiant, and mechanical) that are transformed by various household appliances (e.g., lamp, toaster, fan).

MAGNETIC FIELDS

Certain iron-bearing metals attract other such metals (also nickel and cobalt).

Lines of force extend from the poles of a magnet in an arched pattern defining the area over which magnetic force is exerted.

An electric current creates a magnetic field.

A moving magnetic field creates an electric current.

A current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field.

Wrapping a wire around certain iron-bearing metals (iron nail) and creating a closed circuit is an example of a simple electromagnet.

HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Benjamin Franklin, Michael Faraday, and Thomas Edison made important discoveries about electricity.

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ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Electrical to Mechanical (motion) Electrical to Light (radiant) Electrical to Thermal (heat) ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS Electrical energy can be transformed into light or motion, and can produce thermal energy. describe the types of energies (i.e., thermal, radiant, and mechanical) that are transformed by various household appliances (e.g., lamp, toaster, fan).

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For many typical green plants, there are anatomical structures that perform certain basic functions. For example, roots anchor the plants and take water and nutrients from the soil. Plant stems provide support and allow movement of water and nutrients.

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Key concepts include
1. plant and animal adaptations;

2. organization of populations, communities, and ecosystems and how they interrelate;

3. flow of energy through food webs;

4. habitats and niches;

5. changes in an organism's niche at various stages in its life cycle;

6. influences of human activity on ecosystems.

ADAPTATIONS

Organisms have structural adaptations or physical attributes that help them meet a life need.

Organisms also have behavioral adaptations, or certain types of activities they perform, which help them meet a life need.

POPULATIONS, COMMUNITIES, ECOSYSTEMS

All the organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time are a population.

Populations of species that live in the same place at the same time together make up a community.

All the populations and the nonliving components in an environment that interact with each other form an ecosystem.

ENERGY PYRAMIDS; FOOD CHAINS

The organization of communities is based on the utilization of the energy from the sun within a given ecosystem. The greatest amount of energy in a community is in the producers.

Within a community, organisms are dependent on the survival of other organisms. Energy is passed from one organism to another.

The sun's energy cycles through ecosystems from producers through consumers and back into the nutrient pool through decomposers.

HABITATS AND NICHES

A habitat is the place or kind of place in which an animal or plant naturally lives. An organism's habitat provides food, water, shelter, and space. The size of the habitat depends on the organism's needs.

A niche is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community. A niche also includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment. No two types of organisms occupy exactly the same niche in a community.

The organization of a community is defined by the interrelated niches within it.

During its life cycle, an organism's role in the community - its niche - may change. For example, what an animal eats, what eats it, and other relationships will change.

Humans can have a major impact on ecosystems.

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Key concepts include plant and animal adaptations; organization of populations, communities, and ecosystems and how they interrelate; flow of energy through food webs; habitats and niches; changes in an organism's niche at various stages in its life cycle; influences of human activity on ecosystems. ADAPTATIONS Organisms have structural adaptations or physical attributes that help them meet a life need.

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Air pressure is due to the weight of the air and is determined by several factors including the temperature of the air. (You'll be expected to know that high pressure is associated with clear, cool weather, and low pressure is associated with warm, wet weather. )

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We now know that our sun is the center of our solar system and eight planets, a handful of dwarf planets, 170 named moons, dust, gas, and thousands of asteroids and comets orbit around the sun.

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SOL 4.8 - Virginia's Watersheds and Natural Resources

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kentuck elementary
password: kentuck

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Part 2

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Part 2

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Grade 5 Science -- Data Questions Part 2

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Scientific Theory: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Scientists make theories about how things work and then they test them. Students will learn more about scientific theory and evidence with this activity.

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Scientific Methods: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Scientists use the Scientific Method to organize their observations and test their theories. This activity will teach students all about these methods.

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Collecting Data: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Scientists observe and collect data to test out their hypotheses. This activity will teach students about the different ways data can be collected and measured.

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Identifying Outcomes & Making Predictions Video

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Identifying Outcomes & Making Predictions Video

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Scientific Inquiry: Outcomes and Predictions: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Identifying possible outcomes is one way to make predictions. In this activity, students will learn about outcomes and predictions.

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Light: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Light is all around us, and we can not live without it. This StudyJams! activity will teach students about how light waves work.

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Absorb, Reflect, Refract: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Light is all around us. This activity will teach students more about how light travels and hits objects to be absorbed, reflected, and refracted.

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SOL 5.4 Matter - 22 Released Test Questions

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Properties of Matter: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Matter is the stuff all around us, and all of it has mass and volume. This activity will teach students more about the properties of matter.

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Solids, Liquids, Gases: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Water can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. So can other forms of matter. This activity will teach students about how forms of matter can change states.

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Elements and Compounds: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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When two or more elements combine on a chemical level, a compound is formed. This activity will teach students more about chemical compounds.

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Phases of Matter

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Phases of Matter

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Bill Nye The Science Guy Phases of Matter

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Bill Nye the Science Guy S01E16 Light and Color

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light, sound, ocean - how waves work

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Plant Cells: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Plant cells do all kinds of jobs inside the plant, helping keep the plant alive and healthy. This activity will teach students more about plant cells.

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Animal Cells: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Animal cells do all kinds of jobs in the body to keep things running smoothly. This activity will teach students about how animal cells work.

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Bill Nye the Science Guy - S04E15 Invertebrates

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Plants: The Kingdoms of Life: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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All living things fall into one of five kingdoms. In this activity, students will learn about the kingdoms of life and group plants of similar traits together.

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The Ocean Floor: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Earth's tallest mountains and deepest valleys are all beneath the ocean's surface. This activity will teach students about the ocean floor.

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Waves and Currents: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Waves and currents are different, but they work together. Learn more about the way waves and currents work with this activity!

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Earth's Oceans: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Ever wonder why ocean water is salty? This activity will teach students about the ocean and the animals that live in it.

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Ocean Currents

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Ocean Currents

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Bill Nye the Science Guy S02E09 Ocean Currents

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Ocean Exploration

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Bill Nye the Science Guy: Ocean Exploration

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Bill Nye the Science Guy Sea 05 Epis 09 Ocean Exploration

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Part 1

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Part 2

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Science SOL 4.2 Coaster Kinetic Energy (+11/4)

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Force and Motion: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Whenever there is a change in motion, force is the responsible party. This activity will teach students more about how force and motion are related.

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Energy and Matter: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Energy is the ability to cause change in matter. This StudyJams! will teach students about the ways in which matter and energy are related.

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Bill Nye the Science Guy  0102 Earths Crust

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What you need to do

In this challenge you need to make a circuit with a cell, a lamp and a switch so that the lamp comes on when you close the switch.
This is like a torch circuit.

Using the circuit builder

1. Click on a number in the the cell button - this is how many cells will be in your battery

2. Click on the lamp and switch buttons to put them onto the work area (if you use more than one lamp, before you click for a second one).

3. Click on the wire button; your cursor will look like a little wire. Click on a connector (e.g. on the cells) and drag to another connector. You should get a wire joining the two together.

4. Remove a component by dragging it off the work area.

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Circuits challenge1: a simple series circuit.

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What you need to do In this challenge you need to make a circuit with a cell, a lamp and a switch so that the lamp comes on when you close the switch. This is like a torch circuit.

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What you need to do

In this challenge you need to make a parallel circuit with a cell and two lamps. The lamps should both come on with their normal brightness.
Try disconnecting one of the lamps. What happens to the brightness of the other one?

Using the circuit builder

1. Click on a number in the the cell button - this is how many cells will be in your battery

2. Click on the lamp and switch buttons to put them onto the work area (if you use more than one lamp, before you click for a second one).

3. Click on the wire button; your cursor will look like a little wire. Click on a connector (e.g. on the cells) and drag to another connector. You should get a wire joining the two together.

4. Remove a component by dragging it off the work area.

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Circuit challenge 7: a parallel circuit.

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What you need to do In this challenge you need to make a parallel circuit with a cell and two lamps. The lamps should both come on with their normal brightness. Try disconnecting one of the lamps. What happens to the brightness of the other one?

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Electricity: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Did you know that we get electricity from water, the sun, and even from wind? This fun activity will teach students about the ways electricity is produced.

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Periodic Table: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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There are a lot of elements! How do scientists keep it all straight? This activity will teach students all about the periodic table and why it is important.

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Current Electricity & Electric Circuits Slideshow

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Current Electricity & Electric Circuits Slideshow

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Current Electricity: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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This fun activity will teach students about the ways electricity is produced and moved.

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Plants make their own food using photosynthesis. This activity will teach students about the crucial role photosynthesis plays in the life of a plant.

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Plants With Seeds: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Seeds are important. This activity will teach students about the differences between plants with seeds and plants without seeds.

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Plants Without Seeds: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Seeds are important. This activity will teach students about the differences between plants with seeds and plants without seeds.

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Mosses and Ferns: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Students will learn more about the similarities and differences between mosses and ferns with this activity.

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Plant Adaptations: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Plants have incredible ways to adjust to their surroundings. This activity will teach students about the ways plants adapt.

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Animal Adaptations: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Through adaptations, animals develop certain features to survive in their environments. Students learn about these features and how they're passed on to future generations.

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Food Chains: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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How does a snail get its food? How about a tree? This activity will teach students about the food chain and why it is important.

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Food Webs: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Organisms can be a part of more than one food chain. This student activity will teach students all about the food web and why it is important.

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Changes in Ecosystems: StudyJams! Science | Scholastic.com

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Ecosystems undergo change all the time. This fun StudyJams! Activity will teach students about natural and human changes to ecosystems.