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CAV (Clube Amigo Vira Lata)

Waldineia - 3929-1627

ABB (Associação Bicho Brasil)

Eliana Meira- 99736-3266

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It is hard to read some pieces of information because of the position of the boxes. Please, reorganize them.

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It is hard to read some pieces of information because of the position of the boxes. Please, reorganize them.

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Hi, guys! Don't forget to add Bia as soon as she gets her school email, ok!
I've just checked your research material. Keep up the good work! :)

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Milo, our nine-year-old Boxer mix, was felled just one month ago by a FCE with instantaneous total rear leg paralysis. Luckily, he kept bowel and bladder control along with his tail wagging ability. We received our Walkin' Wheels wheelchair just a few days after his spinal stroke. This dog was completely paralyzed in the back legs, and now he is getting function back, and we are amazed with his progress.

I know that this progress is in large part due to keeping him active, happy, and exercised in the Walkin' Wheels. It's the perfect rehabilitation tool, allowing him to exercise in comfort, preventing muscle atrophy, joint stiffening, and depression. Most importantly, it provides stimulation of the nerves lost to the emboli, providing physical therapy just as we would in humans with a functional deficit or injury. We worked with the wheels daily, gradually improving his technique and stamina.

Now, only 3 weeks later, we are taking long walks in it, and he is almost back up to his normal trotting pace of before the stroke. At about week 2, we noticed his back legs suddenly were starting to move while he was 'wheelin' one day, and now he is getting some function back. It seems he gets more back every day, and the wheelchair has been a huge part of that.
Dawn Meicher, RN, MSN, ARNP, Family Nurse Practitioner, Washington State

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Walkin' Wheels Dog Wheelchair | Wheelchairs for Dogs of all Sizes

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Milo, our nine-year-old Boxer mix, was felled just one month ago by a FCE with instantaneous total rear leg paralysis. Luckily, he kept bowel and bladder control along with his tail wagging ability. We received our Walkin' Wheels wheelchair just a few days after his spinal stroke.

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Beagles are used by APHIS(Animal and Plant Health Inpection Service) on airports at the United States to sniff the passengers’ bags for detecting plants,living organisms drugs and other prohibited items from entering the country.Beagles are chosen for this job because of ther sniffing abilities,which is almost 4 and a half times better than human ability to sniff.With training they can remember odors and distinguish them from other ones they also memorized.

Sources: Wikipedia(Beagle BRigade0
https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01612.x

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Laika ( LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: ; c. 1954 - 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit.

Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight.

Laika's death was possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.

After the success of Sputnik 1 in October 1957, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, wanted a spacecraft launched on 7 November 1957, the fortieth anniversary of the October Revolution. Construction had already started on a more sophisticated satellite, but it would not be ready until December; this satellite would later become Sputnik 3.

Meeting the November deadline meant building a new craft. Khrushchev specifically wanted his engineers to deliver a "space spectacular", a mission that would repeat the triumph of Sputnik1, stunning the world with Soviet prowess. Planners settled on an orbital flight with a dog. Soviet rocket engineers had long intended a canine orbit before attempting human spaceflight; since 1951, they had lofted twelve dogs into sub-orbital space on ballistic flights, working gradually toward an orbital mission set for some time in 1958. To satisfy Khrushchev's demands, they expedited the orbital canine flight for the November launch.

According to Russian sources, the official decision to launch Sputnik2 was made on 10 or 12 October, leaving less than four weeks to design and build the spacecraft. Sputnik2, therefore, was something of a rushed job, with most elements of the spacecraft being constructed from rough sketches. Aside from the primary mission of sending a living passenger into space, Sputnik2 also contained instrumentation for measuring solar irradiance and cosmic rays.

The craft was equipped with a life-support system consisting of an oxygen generator and devices to avoid oxygen poisoning and to absorb carbon dioxide. A fan, designed to activate whenever the cabin temperature exceeded 15 °C (59 °F), was added to keep the dog cool. Enough food (in a gelatinous form) was provided for a seven-day flight, and the dog was fitted with a bag to collect waste. A harness was designed to be fitted to the dog, and there were chains to restrict her movements to standing, sitting, or lying down; there was no room to turn around in the cabin. An electrocardiogram monitored heart rate and further instrumentation tracked respiration rate, maximum arterial pressure, and the dog's movements.

Laika was found as a stray wandering the streets of Moscow. Soviet scientists chose to use Moscow strays since they assumed that such animals had already learned to endure conditions of extreme cold and hunger. She was a 5 kg (11 lb) mongrel female, approximately three years old. Another account reported that she weighed about 6 kg (13 lb). Soviet personnel gave her several names and nicknames, among them Kudryavka (Russian for Little Curly), Zhuchka ( Little Bug), and Limonchik ( Little Lemon). Laika, the Russian name for several breeds of dogs similar to the husky, was the name popularised around the world. Its literal translation would be "Barker", from the Russian verb "layat" ( лаять), "to bark". According to some accounts, the technicians actually renamed her from Kudryavka to Laika due to her loud barking. The American press dubbed her Muttnik ( + suffix ) as a pun on Sputnik, or referred to her as Curly. Her true pedigree is unknown, although it is generally accepted that she was part husky or other Nordic breed, and possibly part terrier. NASA refers to Laika as a "part- Samoyed terrier." A Russian magazine described her temperament as phlegmatic, saying that she did not quarrel with other dogs.

The Soviet Union and United States had previously sent animals only on sub-orbital flights. Three dogs were trained for the Sputnik2 flight: Albina, Mushka, and Laika. Soviet space-life scientists Vladimir Yazdovsky and Oleg Gazenko trained the dogs.

To adapt the dogs to the confines of the tiny cabin of Sputnik2, they were kept in progressively smaller cages for periods of up to twenty days. The extensive close confinement caused them to stop urinating or defecating, made them restless, and caused their general condition to deteriorate. Laxatives did not improve their condition, and the researchers found that only long periods of training proved effective. The dogs were placed in centrifuges that simulated the acceleration of a rocket launch and were placed in machines that simulated the noises of the spacecraft. This caused their pulses to double and their blood pressure to increase by 30-65 torrs (4.0-8.7 kPa). The dogs were trained to eat a special high-nutrition gel that would be their food in space.

Before the launch, one of the mission scientists took Laika home to play with his children. In a book chronicling the story of Soviet space medicine, Vladimir Yazdovsky wrote, "Laika was quiet and charming... I wanted to do something nice for her: She had so little time left to live."

Preflight preparations

Yazdovsky made the final selection of dogs and their designated roles. Laika was to be the "flight dog" - a sacrifice to science on a one-way mission to space. Albina, who had already flown twice on a high-altitude test rocket, was to act as Laika's backup. The third dog, Mushka, was a " control dog" - she was to stay on the ground and be used to test instrumentation and life support.

Before leaving for the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Yazdovsky and Gazenko conducted surgery on the dogs, routing the cables from the transmitters to the sensors that would measure breathing, pulse, and blood pressure.

Because the existing airstrip at Turatam near the cosmodrome was small, the dogs and crew had to be first flown aboard a Tu‑104 plane to Tashkent. From there, a smaller and lighter Il‑14 plane took them to Turatam. Training of dogs continued upon arrival; one after another they were placed in the capsules to get familiar with the feeding system.

According to a NASA document, Laika was placed in the capsule of the satellite on 31 October 1957 - three days before the start of the mission. At that time of year, the temperatures at the launch site were extremely low, and a hose connected to a heater was used to keep her container warm. Two assistants were assigned to keep a constant watch on Laika before launch. Just prior to liftoff on 3 November 1957, from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Laika's fur was sponged in a weak ethanol solution and carefully groomed, while iodine was painted onto the areas where sensors would be placed to monitor her bodily functions.

One of the technicians preparing the capsule before final liftoff: "After placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch, we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage, knowing that she would not survive the flight."

Accounts of the time of launch vary from source to source, given as 05:30:42 Moscow Time or 07:22 Moscow Time.

At peak acceleration, Laika's respiration increased to between three and four times the pre-launch rate. The sensors showed her heart rate was 103 beats/min before launch and increased to 240 beats/min during the early acceleration. After reaching orbit, Sputnik2's nose cone was jettisoned successfully; however, the "Block A" core did not separate as planned, preventing the thermal control system from operating correctly. Some of the thermal insulation tore loose, raising the cabin temperature to 40 °C (104 °F). After three hours of weightlessness, Laika's pulse rate had settled back to 102 beats/min, three times longer than it had taken during earlier ground tests, an indication of the stress she was under. The early telemetry indicated that Laika was agitated but eating her food. After approximately five to seven hours into the flight, no further signs of life were received from the spacecraft.

The Soviet scientists had planned to euthanise Laika with a serving of poisoned food. For many years, the Soviet Union gave conflicting statements that she had died either from asphyxia, when the batteries failed, or that she had been euthanised. Many rumours circulated about the exact manner of her death. In 1999, several Russian sources reported that Laika had died when the cabin overheated on the fourth day. In October 2002, Dimitri Malashenkov, one of the scientists behind the Sputnik2 mission, revealed that Laika had died by the fourth circuit of flight from overheating. According to a paper he presented to the World Space Congress in Houston, Texas, "It turned out that it was practically impossible to create a reliable temperature control system in such limited time constraints."

Over five months later, after 2,570 orbits, Sputnik2 (including Laika's remains) disintegrated during re-entry on 14 April 1958.

Ethics of animal testing

NASA named this soil target on Mars after Laika during the Mars Exploration Rover mission.

Due to the overshadowing issue of the Soviet-U.S. Space Race, the ethical issues raised by this experiment went largely unaddressed for some time. As newspaper clippings from 1957 show, the press was initially focused on reporting the political perspective, while Laika's health and retrieval - or lack thereof - only became an issue later.

Sputnik 2 was not designed to be retrievable, and it had always been accepted that Laika would die. The mission sparked a debate across the globe on the mistreatment of animals and animal testing in general to advance science. In the United Kingdom, the National Canine Defence League called on all dog owners to observe a minute's silence on each day Laika remained in space, while the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) received protests even before Radio Moscow had finished announcing the launch. Animal rights groups at the time called on members of the public to protest at Soviet embassies. Others demonstrated outside the United Nations in New York. Laboratory researchers in the U.S. offered some support for the Soviets, at least before the news of Laika's death.

In the Soviet Union, there was less controversy. Neither the media, books in the following years, nor the public openly questioned the decision to send a dog into space. In 1998, after the collapse of the Soviet regime, Oleg Gazenko, one of the scientists responsible for sending Laika into space, expressed regret for allowing her to die:

Work with animals is a source of suffering to all of us. We treat them like babies who cannot speak. The more time passes, the more I'm sorry about it. We shouldn't have done it[...] We did not learn enough from this mission to justify the death of the dog.

In other Warsaw Pact countries, open criticism of the Soviet space program was difficult because of political censorship, but there were notable cases of criticism in Polish scientific circles. A Polish scientific periodical, Kto, Kiedy, Dlaczego ("Who, When, Why"), published in 1958, discussed the mission of Sputnik2. In the periodical's section dedicated to astronautics, Krzysztof Boruń described the Sputnik2 mission as "regrettable" and criticised not bringing Laika back to Earth alive as "undoubtedly a great loss for science".

"Laika, first traveller into cosmos", issued by Poșta Română in 1957

Laika is memorialised in the form of a statue and plaque at Star City, the Russian Cosmonaut training facility. Created in 1997, Laika is positioned behind the cosmonauts with her ears erect. The Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow, constructed in 1964, also includes Laika. On 11 April 2008 at the military research facility where staff had been responsible for readying Laika for the flight, officials unveiled a monument of her poised on top of a space rocket. Stamps and envelopes picturing Laika were produced, as well as branded cigarettes and matches.

Future space missions carrying dogs would be designed to be recovered; the first successful recovery followed the flight of Korabl-Sputnik 2, wherein the dogs Belka and Strelka, alongside dozens of other organisms, safely returned to Earth. Nonetheless, four other dogs later died in Soviet space missions: Bars and Lisichka were killed when their R‑7 rocket exploded shortly after launch on 28 July 1960, while Pchyolka and Mushka died when Korabl-Sputnik 3 suffered an emergency and had to be detonated.

In popular culture

Although never shown, Laika is prominently mentioned in the 1985 film My Life as a Dog, in which the main character (a young Swedish boy in the late 1950s) identifies strongly with the dog.

Laika, a 2007 graphic novel by Nick Abadzis giving a fictionalized account of Laika's life, won the 2008 Eisner Award for Best Publication for Teens.

Laika is mentioned in the 1986 song "Laika" by Mecano from the album Entre el cielo y el suelo, and in the 2004 song "Neighborhood #2 (Laika)" by Arcade Fire, included on their debut album .

In the For All Mankind episode "Best-Laid Plans" (series 2, episode 6), the death of Laika and the consequences of her journey are discussed at length by characters Danielle Poole (Krys Marshall) and Stepan Petrovich Alexseev (Nikola Đuričko). Poole argues Laika's death was not for the sake of humankind but for the people around her who she (Laika) loved, and those who loved her back, including Alexseev.

Laika inspired the creation of the Marvel character Cosmo the Spacedog, who subsequently appeared in several comic books and films. In the comic books, Cosmo is a male dog. In the 2023 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, director James Gunn made his version of Cosmo a female dog to honor Laika.

(in English: Laika) is a 2017 Czech animated science fiction comedy film inspired by Laika.

Laika Studios, a stop-motion animation studio, was named after Laika.

Laika Come Home, a remix album by British virtual band Gorillaz, was named in part after Laika.

References

1. Isachenkov, Vladimir (11 April 2008), "Russia opens monument to space dog Laika", Associated Press, archived from the original on 26 September 2015

2. ^ Zak, Anatoly (3 November 1999), "The True Story of Laika the Dog", , archived from the original on 20 February 2006, Recently, several Russian sources revealed that Laika survived in orbit for four days and then died when the cabin overheated.

3. Malashenkov, D. C. (2002), "Abstract:Some Unknown Pages of the Living Organisms' First Orbital Flight", IAF Abstracts: 288, Bibcode:2002iaf..confE.288M

4. ^ Sriram, Varsha (3 November 2022). "Recalling top dog Laika, 65 years after pathbreaking space flight". Indian Express.

5. Frankel, Max (13 November 1957), "Muscovites Told Space Dog Is Dead", The New York Times, p. 3

6. ^ ""Epoch of the Dog: Names and Stories of the Soviet Space Exploration" (in Russian)". 27 January 2018.

7. ^ Whitehouse, David (28 October 2002), First dog in space died within hours, BBC, archived from the original on 5 September 2015

8. ^ West, John B. (1 October 2001), "Historical aspects of the early Soviet/Russian manned space program", Journal of Applied Physiology, 91 (4): 1501-1511, doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1501, PMID 11568130, S2CID 24284107

9. ^ "A New Monument for Laika, Russia's Heroic Space Dog", 11 April 2008, archived from the original on 16 October 2015

10. ^ Georgiou, Aristos (3 November 2019). "Laika the dog: These are all the animals that have been into space". Newsweek.

11. Anderson, Ian. "^ The Arcade Fire: Something filled up my heart with nothing," Pulse (Minneapolis, Minnesota). Retrieved 27 October 2007.

Further reading

External links

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Laika ( LY-kə ; Russian: Лайка, IPA: ; c. 1954 - 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957.

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Dogs like pastor alemão até used in the  police. Dálmatas até used in firefights agence.Rats are used to test a new medicine.

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Dogs like pastor alemão até used in the  police. Dálmatas até used in firefights agence.Rats are used to test a new medicine.

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Inventors can help animals creating things to help them. For example, an animal with a missing body part , so they create a wheel-chair for  him.

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Inventors can help animals creating things to help them. For example, an animal with a missing body part , so they create a wheel-chair for  him.

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Animals that are in some way “similar” to humans are used to test how the human body would react in a certain circumstance.Even though its sad,humans sacrifice various animals of various races and types to see if they could send a human there to explore.Using this strategy,scientists could send a man to the moon or space.

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A dog can discover more than you think.They can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases like cancer,epilepsy and diabetes.                     Source:
https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01612.xhttps://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01612.x

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Inventors and scientists can help animals by creating a replacement for missing,fractured or damaged body parts or organs.

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The action is to get money selling food and buy a wheel chair for dogs

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Pig

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A importância dos Animais em nossas vidas

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Todd Messer, Claire Rojstaczer, and Steve Garber

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How animals well-being affect the well-beiing of humans ?

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View as slideshow

Culture

They may not wear lab coats, but creatures big and small can help scientists study global warming, cancer, earthquakes, and more.

Ground squirrels aid astronauts

blackwaterimages/iStock

Weightlessness can have a profound effect on the human body-astronauts who return from even brief visits to space suffer from significant muscle and bone loss, and spend weeks regaining their strength. For clues into how to remedy this issue, scientists are looking closely at the Artctic ground squirrel, a furry rodent that awakens from months' long hibernation with no noticeable difference in muscle or bone. "If we can understand how they do it, we can replicate it in humans," University of Alaska at Fairbanks biochemist Kelly Drew told The Washington Post.

Narwhals monitor climate change

iStock/AndreAnita

Scientists hoping to record the effects of climate change on the frigid waters of Greenland's Baffin Bay enlisted the help of narwhals, the so-called "unicorns of the ocean" known for their single 9-foot tusks and ability to withstand freezing water. In 2010, University of Washington marine biologist Kristin Laidre and her team attached thermometers and satellite transmitters to 14 narwhals and tracked the whales while they spent the winter in the Bay. The resulting data comprised the most comprehensive collection of water temperature ever recorded for the area.

Zebrafish uncover cancer secrets

Mirko_Rosenau/iStock

Surprisingly, zebrafish and humans have a substantial number of genes in common, including APC, a gene associated with colon cancer. The transparent black-and-white minnows also reproduce frequently and develop into adults in a matter of days, allowing scientists like David Jones, a cancer researcher at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation in Oklahoma City, to study their developing cells. "There is no limit to the impact this little fish can have on unraveling the mysteries of human disease," Jones told The Oklahoman.

Rats reveal land mines

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In Mozambique, Thailand, Cambodia, and other countries, hidden landmines left over from decades of conflict still dot the landscape, preventing development and slowing economic growth. Luckily, Tanzania-based organization Apopo may have found a four-legged solution. The aid group trains Gambian pouched rats to sniff out landmines, which are later deactivated. The rats are light enough not to detonate the mine and "can reliably check the ground faster than a human with a metal detector," Zacarias Chambe, an Apopo deminer, told The Economist.

Wild animals predict earthquakes

Ray Hems/iStock

A fascinating study in Peru may confirm the widely-held belief that animals detect earthquakes weeks before they hit. Over a 23-day period before the 6.9 magnitude earthquake that hit south of Lima on October 28, 2011, scientists recorded five or fewer animal sightings per day, compared to five to 15 sightings previously. In the week before the earthquake, experts observed no animal movements. "Animals have the potential to be reliable forecasters of earthquakes and could be used alongside other monitoring systems," Rachel A. Grant, the lead researcher, told Thomson Reuters Foundation.

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5 Ways Animals Help Scientists Solve Mysteries | Reader's Digest

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View as slideshow Culture They may not wear lab coats, but creatures big and small can help scientists study global warming, cancer, earthquakes, and more. blackwaterimages/iStock Weightlessness can have a profound effect on the human body-astronauts who return from even brief visits to space suffer from significant muscle and bone loss, and spend weeks regaining their strength.

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Wheel chair for dogs.

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click here

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How do animals help scientists and inventors?For example Laika.

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How do animals help scientists and inventors?For example Laika.

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How animals affect the well-being of humans.

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The kinds of animals used and abilites that need to be used in service jobs.

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How inventors and scientists help animals