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Created an economic alliance between these two groups that served them well in the North American part of the Seven Years War.

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Characterized by extracting raw materials and then subjugating the native populations, ie converting them to Christianity and forced labor; encomienda system.

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The 7th president of the U.S., he led an attack against New Orleans (and won), vetoed the renewal of the national bank and advocated for the annexation of Texas

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37. Seven Year's War (French Indian War)

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37. Seven Year's War (French Indian War)

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The French and Indian War was fought by the French and Indians vs the British. The French wanted more land up to the Ohio River which resulted in many armed conflicts with the British. This resulted in the British winning.

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Separatists

The Separatists were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England.
ex. the Pilgrims (founded Plymouth Plantation, Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England),
Quakers, Baptists

-Non Separatists

Nonseparatist Puritans agreed with Separatists on the necessity of restricting church membership to proven saints. However, they did not condemn the Church of England. They contended that true Christians could and did remain in the Church of England in spite of its unscriptural practices. Furthermore, they believed Christians always existed within the church regardless of the form it took. Nonseparatists hoped to bring about change from within the established church. Separating from the Anglicans would frustrate that goal.

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Native Americans lived off this land by hunting and gathering. When the Europeans introduced the horse, it made it easier to travel across and made militaries stronger.

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16. Enslaved / Free Africans (Atlantic Slave Trade)

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16. Enslaved / Free Africans (Atlantic Slave Trade)

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Transportation of Africans to America as slaves, most slaves were sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders.

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The Mexican American war was the first American conflict to be fought on foreign soil. Because of the idea called manifest destiny, many Americans supported the war. When American was imposing on Mexican grounds and the Mexicans started an uprising. The majority of the war happened when Polk revived that Mexico refused to negotiate. Both had claim of the Rio Grande River an,but Mexico refused to negotiate. It ended with the Mexican Cession which removed some land from Mexico and established territorial boundaries around North America.

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The enlightenment branched off of the european enlightment and was a philisophical movement where the use of scientific methods, investigation, and experiment began to popularize in basic life.

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The leading opponents of the Jacksonian party, was for urban middle class citizens, the party fell because of tensions of slavery in the new territories and became the Republican Party

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(1543-1602) The colony grew slowly, as settlers, responding to generous land-grant and trade policies, slowly spread north up the Hudson River. The slow expansion of New Netherland, however, caused conflicts with both English colonists and Native Americans in the region.

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After reentering the senate, Henry Clay became known as a holder of peace, keeping the tensions between north and south at bay for a time, and promoting economic development.

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The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers.

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Greatly influenced by the ideas of Henry Clay, the Market Revolution caused great economic boom and bust, especially when paired with westward expansion and rapid land development.

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when America fought for their independence from Britain and the right to become their own country

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a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement.

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The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the thirteen colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others.

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Played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists.Helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

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American Indians were the original inhabitants of the land of the new world. Some places more than other get along with Indians but overall the new worls and the indias fought. There were may uprisings and even wars especially over land. Eventually Westward expasion from the english pushed indians out of their home lands.

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Daughters of Liberty: Homespun items to allow colonists to not have to purchase British items.

Sons of Liberty:
depicted the Boston Massacre in a way that the British looked extremely guilty (British soldiers shooting  at unarmed colonists)
dump British tea into the Boston harbor (Boston Tea Party-1773)

Common Sense-Thomas Paine 1776
attempted to convince colonists to become independent

*Influence people to support the American Revolution

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British and america were in were for Americas interdependence. This lead for British to lose control the new land as they lost from Americas revolution.

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The first Europeans to land in the Americas were the Spanish. They landed and cultivated South America . When the Spanish arrived they’re main goals were God, Glory and Gold. They also brang a lot of diseases that killed many Native Americans. The second Europeans to arrive were the British. They set civilizations near the east coast because of trade. The reason for coming to the New World was to advance they crops and goods. The last major Europeans to arrive were the French. They settled up North, in modern day Canada.

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Christians who separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the reformation period. Basically created a new section of religion.

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(Formed on June 14, 1775) The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

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Leader of the American Revolution, elected unanimously as the 1st president of the newly formed United States. His farewell address warned us against political parties.

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The Chesapeake colonies are British settlements that consist of Virginia and Maryland. These colonies are located near the east coast so it would be easier for the colonist to trade with England. Jamestown, VA was the first colony established by the Virginia Company in the New World. At first it was not a success because many people died and materials brought from England were not working on the New World's soil. But as time went by the colonist began to strive. In fact, the social hierarchy mirrored the British. The majority of the colonist were indentured servants. They had more men than women. The formation of Maryland was initially an experiment. Tobacco easily dominated the economy and society. Cecilius Calvert, the son of King Charles I, developed Maryland so that he was the only ruler of the colony. Calvert imagined Maryland to be a place for Catholics that were persecuted in England and Protestants to live in harmony. In both colonies the death rates were extremely high.

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One of the first 13 colonies, it split from South Carolina due to religious differences. majority of North Carolina's population was African American, and their economy was based on the growth of indigo and rice that was grown by slaves.

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The northern colonies that didn't do much farming but traded a lot and used lumber to create ships.

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wished to make Church of England "pure" everything in moderation
Calvinist beliefs- predestination, scripture over papal authority
precedent for America in self-reliance, moral fortitude, & intellectualism.

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This is called the breadbasket colonies where the ground was really fertile and the people farmed wheat, oat, barley, maize, and rye.

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Colonies consisted of the Province of Maryland, Colony of Virginia, Province of Carolina and Province of Georgia. Slavery was a big part in the cultivation of cash crops.

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Was a term for the british colonies in the Caribbean.

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27. Metacom's War/ Kings Phillip's War - Kyla

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27. Metacom's War/ Kings Phillip's War - Kyla

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King Philip’s War marked the last major effort by the Native Americans of southern New England to drive out the English settlers

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1680; The Pueblos suffered greatly under the Spanish encomienda system, a forced labor system that essentially amounted to slavery. In addition, many of their cultural traditions were prohibited, including their religion as they were violently forced to convert to Catholicism.

In 1680, a force of 8,000 led by Popé attacked their Spanish overlords. The large-scale, revolt was the largest successful uprising by Native Americans in North American history. Popé established himself as leader of the new Pueblo confederacy from the capital in Santa Fe.

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Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, a Englishman that migrated to Philadelphia. In the pamphlet, he attacks the principles of hereditary rule and monarchical government. Remember this was the time period of Salutary Neglect. The colonist didn't want to be under the British control. Especially after the seven year war and the dreadful Proclamation Line of 1763. Paine drew the pathos of the colonist when he addressed what limited representatives they had. This instigated the American Revolution and the Constitution. After the pamphlet, the colonist knew it was time to break away from Britain.

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Where the Pueblo Indians resided; they built communities with two-story houses. First colonized by Spain and called New Spain. Large source of precious metals for Spain.

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Adopted on July 4th 1776. Written by Thomas Jefferson and drafted by the Second Continental Congress. Stated why the colonists wanted to part from Britain. Lists the abuses of the king and government, ends with the declaration of war (American Revolution)

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Improved status for women after the Revolution. Gave women the responsibility of raising children to be patriotic future citizens. Did not directly involve women in politics, but expanded their educational opportunities. Reinforced the idea of compassionate unified marriage rather than male authority.

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Republican Motherhood is an 18th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution.

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48. Independence Movements (France, Haiti, Latin America)

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48. Independence Movements (France, Haiti, Latin America)

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All inspired by the success of the American Revolution, each movement weakened British colonial rule, and resulted in a more spread and diverse power in the world.

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After the conclusion of the American Revolution, many other countries, such as France, Haiti and Latin America, began to revolt for independence as well inspired by the Americans. Many modeled their D.O.I's after ours or used it as a guide.

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The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. Stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states before was it was ratified on March 1, 1781. Under these articles, the states remained sovereign and independent, with Congress serving as the last resort on appeal of disputes.

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A meeting held in Philadelphia which was designed to help decide how the newly independent United States was to be governed. The convention was originally called to revise the Articles of Confederation, however the Convention ended with the creation of a whole new form of government written out in America's constitution.

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Fed: stronger federal government
Anti-fed: weaker U.S. federal government, opposed 1787 Constitution

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These papers were to bring in supporters for the revolution and to ratify the US Constitution.

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Built approximately 3,500 years ago along the Mississippi River in modern-day Louisiana, a community known today as Poverty Point was a trading center for the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608, and others explored and claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France.

It was ruled by the French.

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A.K.A. the East Coast, was home to most of the Atlantic trades that occurred by ships. The Colombian exchange happened here.

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Name that Europeans gave to the Americas, Europeans focused on cash cropsand Spanish focused on finding gold and silver.

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This type of Christianity is based off of the Catholic and Protestant religions represented in European governments. Christianity was very much in the government and had a lot to do with governmental and societal structure. When the Puritans and Pilgrims settled in the New World, they were intolerant about other religions. Their whole life became centered around god. Denying god was like an act of betrayal and ignorance.

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Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. Advancements in agricultural production, evolution of warfare, increased mortality rates and education are a few examples of the effect of the Columbian Exchange on both Europeans and Native Americans.

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Feudalism is the dominant social system during medieval Europe, in which the nobility held the lands from the crown (king) in return for military protection. most of the population were serfs/peasants, which worked around the clock to provide food and necessities  for themselves and the rich.

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An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king. Virginia Company. The Virginia Company in the colonies founded Jamestown; promised gold, conversion of Indian to Christianity, and passage to the Indies. Jamestown.

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A system in which parcels of land (along with the Native Americans living on them) were granted to Spanish colonists. This system likely contributed to the ideas of slavery later in American history.

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Native Americans were diverse - get rid of any stereotypical image that you may have in your own mind that represents ALL Native Americans.
There were many different language and culture groups, with over 150 distinct ethnic groups in the Americas and ten broadly characterized culture groups in North America.
Each tribal group interacted differently with its environment.  While native tribes in colder climates subsisted exclusively by hunting and gathering, most tribes also practiced some form of agriculture.  Each geographical culture group adapted to and interacted with its distinct regional environment.

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Taking Africans from the centre of the continent and bringing them to the west coast to take them on ships with horrid conditions to be slaves in the New World

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The First Great Awakening was a evangelical revival in the colonies between the 1730's and 1740's. This revival caused people to create a more emotional religion and strayed people away from the Enlightenment ideas to urge religious purity. It also caused the split between the religious supporters, the New Lights, and the free thinkers, the Old Lights. Preaches installed fear in people to become saved; "Sinners in the hands of an angry god' Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield.

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The european enlightement was a philisophical movement that originated among french and the british. It soon spread to the new world, where in basic social and political life, scientific methods and expirement began to universalize.

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After the war in England, Catholics v. Anglicans, Anglican became the religion for England. The majority of people coming to the New World were Catholics that were running away from the English Anglican rule.

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The movement that actively sought conversion to the protestant religion, in which scripture was the sole basis of faith.

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profitable trading, mostly occurred on the coast. primary source of economy, promoted governmental regulation, augmented state power at the expense of rival national powers.

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second president, helped persuade congress to declare independence

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Formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, this party opposed Alexander Hamilton and the federalist party.

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Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president, was a leading figure in America’s early development. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia. He later served as U.S. minister to France and U.S. secretary of state, and was vice president under John Adams (1735-1826).

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1787. Established self-government and statehood. Included a Bill of Rights and prohibited slavery north of Ohio River. Also stated that local Indian's land would not be taken from them, to avoid conflict.

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Inspired by the American Revolution. Began in 1789. Urged America to join and help them in the Franco-American Alliance of 1778. However Washington created the Neutrality Proclamation. This caused a split in political parties within America: Democratic Republican (support French-Jefferson) VS Federalists (support Britain- Hamilton).

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In Washington's farewell adress he urged America to avoid the creations of political parties and to stay out of foriegn affairs and alliances. Not long after his speech the United states split and began moving to sides about different controversial subjects such as slavery and the revolution.

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Most European immigrants had been Protestants, often fleeing religious oppression. When Catholics began immigrating as well, many people saw them as inferior and worked to isolate them and prohibit any cultural or political influence. The goal of the Nativist Movement was to keep the American culture untainted." The political party that arose out of the Nativist Movement was the Know-Nothing Party.

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When the ideas of a new expanded society began to figure itself out into a peaceful "perfect community".

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reflected underlying economic and social changes during the mid 1850s. it was the completion of the market revolution and began the begging of mass immigration from Europe. it was mainly a coalition of antislavery Democrats, Northern Whigs, Free soilers and Know-Nothings.

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On Jan 1, 1863 Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation did not liberate all the slaves, only the ones on the Union's soil. The Emancipation Proclamation altered the nature of the war and the course of American thinking for slaves and whites alike.

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This act was presented by Stephen A. Douglas. He wanted to provide territorial governments for Kansas and Nebraska. He wanted to do this by implanting popular sovereignty. Slavery was prohibited there under the Missouri Compromise, which the act repealed. Although the Kansas- Nebraska Act became law, it shattered the Democratic Party unity.

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These ammendments can easily be remembered by the phrase free, citizens, vote. The 13th freed all african americans, the 14th gave them citizeship, and the 15th gave black men suffrage. The north and south had different views about giving african americans these rights creating sectional tensions.

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opposed the extension of slavery in new states and territories in the west.

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It was characterized by rapid voter interest, larger Election Day turnouts, regions strongly influenced developments, close elections.

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A speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Lincoln was speaking at the dedication of a soldiers' cemetery at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln believed America was "one nation," not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave.Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal" and that was ruled by a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

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In this time expansion was the main priority of the US. The idea of manifest destiny was a large goal of the states and when land was acquired it was to the west. The north south and midwest overall had different societal and economic rescources. The south and west typically focused on farming while the north was based on industry.

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California Gold-Rush:
1848, Chinese Immigrants (mainly men) signed labor contracts with Chinese merchants who leased them to mining and railroad companies.

Japan:
signed a trade treaty with the US that opened 2 ports for US shipping (1854)

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Supreme Court decision ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories. This was because it is a violation of the 5th amendment rights of slaveholder. Stated that black people could never be considered citizens.

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The American Civil War was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861. The North won and the war ended on 1865.

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70. Abolitionists / Antislavery Movements

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70. Abolitionists / Antislavery Movements

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A movement to end slavery in Western Europe and the Americas, did not allow slavery in the northern states.

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Different people with different ideas started to expand west and section themselves off from others with differing opinions, and eventually put themselves into states

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Sixteenth president of the United States who believed that slavery should not be spread to territories.

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Construction of roads, canals, and railroads led to the expansion of markets, facilitated the movement of peoples, and altered the physical landscape.

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Formed by seven secessionists slave-holding states who relied on on agriculture. Each state claimed secession.

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The public sphere covers our public interactions, education, business, government, community interactions. The private sphere belongs to the individual and the family.

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Immigrants from Ireland faced a potato famine there. Immigrants from Germany came due to civil unrest and hardship. Half the population of Ireland and about the same of that amount from Germany immigrated to the United States the late half of the 19th Century in search of liberty, new beginnings, and success.

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Like previous times the citizens and the american indians did not get along. They often fought over land and rescoruces. Like this the mexican americans and the citizens had sectional tension long with the indians.

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Abolitionism is a general term which describes the movement to end slavery. This term can be used formally or informally. So someone who wants to end slavery.

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Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River--most rapidly growing region, Indians resisted white claims on land, had economic independence, and young, rural and poor from seaboard slave states. Appalachian mountains was considered very far out; many of this areas had Natives, so colonists demanded protection from the government who was unwilling, because the wealth was mainly found by the ocean

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During the 1800's, the Ohio River became an important commercial route for residents in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois.Farmers and manufacturers sent their crops and finished products on flatboats and barges downstream to the Mississippi River and eventually on to New Orleans. In the early 1800's, most Americans moved themselves and their goods by water, rather than on the nation's rough, limited roads. To extend the water's reach into the nation's interior, they began decades of canal building.Despite the arrival of railroads, improved highways, and air travel, the Ohio River continues to serve as a major artery for transporting bulk items such as coal and grain.

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The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 brought into the United States about 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size. Stretched from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to the Canadian border in the north. Is considered one of the most important achievements of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. France did not truly own the land, the natives did. Wanted to purchase the mouth of the Mississippi River, New Orleans.

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The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders.

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was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress.

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The seneca Falls convention was the birth of organized Feminism in the United States. This was where feminist leaders such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott made a name for themselves and the feminist movement.

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Sectional tensions over slavery caused the secession of the Southern states and led to the Civil War.

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From about the legal end of slavery (1863) to  the end of the Confederacy (1877). Period of fixing the parts of gov. that agreed w/slavery, making the gov. more equal to everyone