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HOOK TO THE ITEM- TRY TO START STRENGTHS AND THEN LATER THE WEAKNESS BY REFERING TO ITEM FIRST  (HOOK) AND THEN DEVELOP THAT WITH WIDER POINTS THAT USE THE 2 STUDIES YOU HAVE CHOSEN TO SHOW THESE POINTS 

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HOOK TO THE ITEM- TRY TO START STRENGTHS AND THEN LATER THE WEAKNESS BY REFERING TO ITEM FIRST  (HOOK) AND THEN DEVELOP THAT WITH WIDER POINTS THAT USE THE 2 STUDIES YOU HAVE CHOSEN TO SHOW THESE POINTS 

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Maybe 2 Police Recorded Crime - Strength P and T 

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Maybe 2 Police Recorded Crime - Strength P and T 

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The police record the activity around crime that they detect, that is reported and that they record. This is practically useful to many criminologist who as it gives easy access to national data they use to explain crime. They can use this secondary source to measure patterns of who commits and is a victim of crime and where it occurs . Theoretically his allows them to come up with explantions form correlations that these statistics show . So Rights Realists like Murray used statistics to explain why w/c, young black men commit more cirme. He correlated this with educational failure, family structure and benefit dependency

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Problem - Theoretical - lack of detail and context Using Police Recorded Crime/ Statistics 

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Problem - Theoretical - lack of detail and context Using Police Recorded Crime/ Statistics 

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The quantitative the method is more rigid - with set q or observations etc..This means there is less consideration of the context and the meaning behind the data.  So with statistics how they are created is present. The context of police statistics may show that the police do not react consistently to all suspects.  This was shown by writers like Chambliss..Box ...Snider ...Mr Lammy ..There may also be inconsistencies in how police data is recorded - remember the Hidden Figure of crime data. This means Murray's theories may be invalid as some groups such as Young Black men, are over represented in the PRC due to police cultures and wider context issues that shape the statistics

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Theoretical - The quantitative nature of this study may have led to inaccurate data around crime. Having a set structure can create the imposition problem with the data being only as good as they questions asked.  For many years it did not ask about cyber crime and may have falsely recorded a decline in crime as a consequence.  Practical- People with different experiences of crime may be hard to access as they are reluctant to participate. Ethically this style of research may be insensitive to victims. Theoretically the samples is large so it has probability for the national area of Eng and Wales but it may not accurately reflect more regional variations.

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Study one CSEW-Practical coverage, set questions are reliable so data is measured. Comparisons made ..sample large - access as set criteria 

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Study one CSEW-Practical coverage, set questions are reliable so data is measured. Comparisons made ..sample large - access as set criteria 

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The Crime Survey for England and Wales
Uses a s. random sample to access a representative sample of the target pop of England and wales.  Asks respondents the same questions about victimization and therefore can produce trends on this.  This can show groups who are victims more than others and changes over time.  It's structured approach allows a large sample of over 50,000 to be accessed every year and these statistics help the home office have a fuller picture of crime.

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Practical strength, Theoretical strength 

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Practical strength, Theoretical strength 

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As Quantitative there is a need for structure to allow measurement - this means coverage of respondents is improved as everyone is getting same questions, or observed in the same way etc...Theoretically Positivists will see this as a strength as reliability is improved and the method can ealily and objectively be repeated

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Other studies could be OFSTED, Lobban, Crime Stats, Sutton Trust, Census, Young and Willmott who measured symmetry and nuclear family - problems with operationalisation and families looked at et.......

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Other studies could be OFSTED, Lobban, Crime Stats, Sutton Trust, Census, Young and Willmott who measured symmetry and nuclear family - problems with operationalisation and families looked at et.......

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The main methods linked to it are those with a structure.  Having a structure enables measurement to occur as all respondents are exposed to the same stimuli ( questions etc..)

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The main methods linked to it are those with a structure.  Having a structure enables measurement to occur as all respondents are exposed to the same stimuli ( questions etc..)

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Surveys, Structured interviews and Observations, secondary sources like statistics, content analysis .. are all possibilities

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Evaluation term -weakness - imposition with structure 

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Evaluation term -weakness - imposition with structure 

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Concerns with validity - rigid structure can limit what we find.  Surveys rarely uncover the unexpected ! Imposition leads to lower validity

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Reliability of the method is greater when there is a structure as it can be repeated and all respondents have had the same experience in the research

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Having set questions etc..means the research is more objective, so the method  is more reliable .  We can measure how people answer the set questions... and there is less researcher influence here, so validity is improved.  The researcher can gather trends on the topic and analysis of these may allow correlation to inform explanations

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Another example  The census  - Practical coverage, reliable method, comparative trends, can be used as s. source ...

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Another example  The census  - Practical coverage, reliable method, comparative trends, can be used as s. source ...

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The census occurs every 10 years and is target population is the  British population. The aim is to gather statistical data to see the characteristic of the population and any changes that have occurred. Because each household is given the same questions to answer about their work, family etc.. it allows data to be analysed by the ONS.  These statistics can then accessible to the government and wider researchers as a secondary source to allow them to see the main features of the population today and how it has changed.  For example we can see that cohabitation  is the fastest growing family and that marriage rates are declining

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Quantitative is a style of research linked to Positivism that expresses findings in a numerical format and aims to measure the social world

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Quantitative is a style of research linked to Positivism that expresses findings in a numerical format and aims to measure the social world

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The respondent may be influenced by the structure so  questions or set observations and this may limit what is recorded.  The environment, group effect can socially desirable answers/ data. This reduces the validityof the data.  Equally what is meant by answers / measured observations is unclear as there is no detail. The operationalization of the questions or the situation  etc.. may differ between researchers or compared with other respondents.  Again the validity is low as we may make different conclusions that what the respondent intended.
This can be applied to set structure etc..

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Positivists often use samples to enable them to make generalisations about the wider target population.  The response rate may be low, the sample may be unrepresentative but every human may have different reasons for behavior.  That variation in meaning may mean we can can't generalise about social phenomena.

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Access a larger sample as method can be completed without need for researcher. This improves sample coverage and may improve representativeness allowing for generalization