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The violent occurrences in Kansas affected Senator Charles Sumner greatly, for he had long suspected Douglas's plot of making Kansas a slave state. Thus, in 1856, he expressed his suspicion through a speech known as "The Crime Against Kansas." Soon, South Carolina representative Preston Brooks attacked Sumner with a cane until Sumner was bloody and unconscious. The scene only added more division between the government. The South applauded Brooks for his major support and the North believed it merely backed up the fact that the Southerners were brutal and cruel.
Source:
“This Day in 1856: Violence on the U.S. Senate Floor.” National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org, constitutioncenter.org/blog/this-day-in-1856-a-near-murder-on-the-u-s-senate-floor.

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After Lincoln's election as the president, South Carolina, along with six Southern states seceded from the Union and together formed the Confederate States of America. In his inaugural address, Lincoln expressed the unconstitutional premise in which the secession was done for. This was the the start of the civil war.
Source:
“Programs & Resources.” Organization of American Historians: The Union Is Dissolved, www.oah.org/programs/civilwar/gallery/the-union-is-dissolved-gallery/.

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#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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Abraham Lincoln was soon elected as president. However, it was an odd victory, for he won with the support of only 40% of the states. This was the case because his name was not a choice in ten of the Southern States. Such a victory accentuated towards the Southerners that they were now in the minority group.
Source:
“The Most Consequential Elections in History: Abraham Lincoln and the Election of 1860.” U.S. News & World Report, U.S. News & World Report, www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/23/abraham-lincoln-and-the-election-of-1860.

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In the time of Lincoln's efforts to inhibit the practice of slavery, abolitionist John Brown placed to raid a federal arsenal to arm slaves for a rebellion. He launched such an attack in 1859, but all of his men were killed of captured. As a result, Brown was sentenced to hanging.
Source:
“John Brown's Raid.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/32c.asp.

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In the Senate race, Lincoln debated with Senator Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln - Douglas Debate. Douglas saw no problem in the system of a half-slave and half-free country. However, Lincoln questioned the morality in slavery and not just the practicality of it. Still, Lincoln lost the election.
Source:
Alchin, Linda. “Abraham Lincoln.” The Lincoln Douglas Debates: Topics and Significance ***, Siteseen Limited, 9 Jan. 2018, www.american-historama.org/1860-1865-civil-war-era/lincoln-douglas-debates.htm.

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As of 1857, because of the huge controversy in slavery, the case has now been handed to the Supreme Court form the Congress. The case centered around a slave named Dred Scott who traveled with his owner to Wisconsin, a free slave state. In such action, Scott demanded his freedom, as Wisconsin was indeed a free state. Because of this peculiar case, the Supreme Court decided that African Americans are not citizens and the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional and incomplete.
Source:
National Geographic Society. “Dred Scott Decision.” National Geographic Society, 12 Feb. 2014, www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar6/dred-scott-decision/.

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Following the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, settlers quickly came to Kansas. Although the mass settled for farming purposes, some moved to Kansas in supporting or opposing the act slavery. Through this divide, there was two competing governments in Kansas. In creating this, it created a massacre. On May 21, 1856, pro slavery settlers and "border ruffians" from Missouri done the following: invaded Lawrence, Kansas (pro slavery government settlement), burned hotels, looted a couple of homes, and tossed antislavery newspapers. In response, the antislavery settlers took revenge by hacking five men who were suspected of rooting for slavery to death two days after the pro slavery raid.
Source:
“Bleeding Kansas: Sparks of War.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/ks-sparks-of-war.htm.

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Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois proposed a controversial year of building a railroad to California. He believed that the success of the plan was required the Congress to make the Great Plains a part of the Nebraska Territory and, consequently, allow the area for settlement. Douglas finalized his bill, which became known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which introduced two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska. By making such an act, it abloished the Missouri Compromise.
Source:
National Geographic Society. “Kansas-Nebraska Act.” National Geographic Society, 18 Apr. 2013, www.nationalgeographic.org/photo/kansas-nebraska-act/.

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The Compromise of 1850 eventually fails due to controversy and then begins a new act: The Fugitive Slaves Act. The Fugitive Slaves Act was an act in which ensured that slaves were returned to their owners in case of their escape to a different state. Under this act, a runaway slave that was arrested had very limited rights. To add on, it elucidated that any person who aids the runaway slave could be jailed. The North opposed such an unethical idea that, when slave catchers were to come to Boston, they were driven away.
Source:
History.com Staff. “Fugitive Slave Acts.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/black-history/fugitive-slave-acts.

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On January 21, 1850, because of the deadlock from California,  the creator of the Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay, thought about a plan to end such a problem. However, his method required the help of Senator Daniel Webster to get through Congress. Within the plan, it was inclusive of everyone in America. For instance, the North would be pleased with the admittance of California as a free state. On the other side, the plan enabled the opportunity for New Mexico and Utah to become slave states, which surely satisfied the North. To add more benefits of Clay's plan, it would end the slave trade in Washington, D.C. and strengthened the usage of the fugitive slave law. Overall, in the end, controversy arose, but was ultimately accepted after many months.
Source:
Compromise of 1850, georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/gastudiesimages/Compromise%20of%201850%201.htm.

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Upon the new gained land from Mexico, the Southerners wanted for all of it to be for slavery, while the Northerners utterly disagreed. California applied to be a free state; however, Southerners rejected the request and Congress stated that it would create an unbalanced amount of free to slavery states ratio. Like before, the Southerners threatened to withdraw from the Union.
Source:
California State Parks, State of California. “California Admission Day September 9, 1850.” CA State Parks, www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23856.

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Even though the gag rule stopped the slavery issue for ten years, it was brought up again when President James Polk appealed to congress for funds for the war with Mexico in 1846. In response, Pennsylvania representative, David Wilmot attempted to add an amendment, known as the Wilmot Proviso, which expressed that
Source:
From the Wilmot Proviso to the Compromise of 1850, www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/polk/aa_polk_wilmot_1.html.

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Following Nat Tuner's rebellion, many individual slaves attempted to escape slavery by running away to the North. These fugitives were often helped by people in the North. However, these Northerners were seen as thieves in the eyes of the Southerner, for they are stealing their "property". Thus, slaveholders requested a fugitive slave law for them to capture their escaped slaves.
Source:
“An 1850 Political Cartoon, ‘Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law," Showing Four Escaped Slaves Being Recaptured by Armed White Men.” An 1850 Political Cartoon, "Effects of the Fugitive Slave Law," Showing Four Escaped Slaves Being Recaptured by Armed White Men. | DPLA, dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-underground-railroad-and-the-fugitive-slave-act-of-1850/sources/1051.

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Like John Quincy Adam anticipated, the issue regarding slavery in the states was settled. However, the problem arose again as the idea of the Second Great Awakening cane about. In such idea, the lord blessed people in aiding lord’s work. Some Americans, though, analyzed that the lord’s work was the abolition of slavery.
Source:
History.com Staff. “John Quincy Adams.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-quincy-adams.

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Dispute arose as people questioned the slavery occurring in Missouri, causing Maine to plead in becoming a free state. Since the congress doesn't want to dissolve the Union, they agreed on the Missouri  Compromise, which entailed the admittance of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Meanwhile, Congress created an imaginary line at latitude 36° 30' across the Louisiana Purchase, which denoted the boundary of slave and free states.

Source:
“820 Missouri Compromise.” 1820 Missouri Compromise, www.compromise-of-1850.org/missouri-compromise-1820/.