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Tundra Biome

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By: Andres Bravo

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Description of the tundra is that is treeless regions that are on top of mountains where the climate is cold and windy. Being snow covered for much of the year and rainfall is rare. Permafrost is when soil, rock, or sediment has been permanently frozen on the layer below the Earth’s surface being bound together by ice.

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Tundras are located in the northern and southern hemispheres all the way to the poles in which it stretches all the way to northern Canada and Alaska, Siberia and northern Scandinavia, being close or on the Arctic circle. Plus there are some tundra areas in the coastal Antarctica

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In the tundra the average winter temperature is -34C or -30F and the average summer temperature is 3-12C or 37-54F.

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The average annual rainfall is 15 to 25 cm or 6 to 10 inches.

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I. 2 Examples of common Animal Life with a description of how each animal is adapted to its environment

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I. 2 Examples of common Animal Life with a description of how each animal is adapted to its environment

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First is the brown bear its' adaptations is its' hibernation through the cold temperatures in winter which it eats a lot in the summer to be stored as fat acting as an insulator against the cold. Second is Musk Ox its's adaptations is its' hooves can be used to break the ice into bits and drink the water that is underneath. Plus it has two layers of fur where the air is trapped between the layers being able to retain more body heat and this enables the Musk Ox to go against the cold temperatures.

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The soil in the tundra is usually like frozen in which it mainly means that it has poor nutrients leading to the low amount in vegetation this biome has currently.

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H. 2 Examples of common Plant Life with a description of how each plant is adapted to its environment

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H. 2 Examples of common Plant Life with a description of how each plant is adapted to its environment

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First is the purple saxifrage adaptions is that they grow closer together being clustered low to the ground which helps resist cold temperatures and reduce damage of the falling snow. Second is arctic poppy which adaptations is that its' flower head follows the sun with the petals helping it absorb the sun.

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Earth Floor: Biomes, www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/tundraA.html.

The Tundra Biome, www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php.

World Biomes - Tundra, www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_tundra.htm.

“Explore the World's Tundra.” Facts, Information, and Threats From Climate Change | National Geographic, 2 Oct. 2017, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-biome/.

“Plants of the Arctic and Antarctic - Polar Plants.” Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears, beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/polar-plants/plants-of-the-arctic-and-antarctic.

“Symbiotic Relationships.” Tundra Biome, tundrabiomeexplaination.weebly.com/symbiotic-relationships.html.

“WELCOME! LOG IN HERE.” Oddizzi, www.oddizzi.com/teachers/explore-the-world/physical-features/ecosystems/tundra/.

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J. Include 3 examples of symbiotic relationships: parasitic, commensal, and mutualistic. 

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J. Include 3 examples of symbiotic relationships: parasitic, commensal, and mutualistic. 

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First for mutualism in the tundra biome there is the fungus and green alga where the alga gives the sugars from photosynthesis to the fungus while the fungus provide protection to the alga by retaining water and helping obtain minerals for the alga. Second is commensalism which is between the caribou and arctic fox in which the caribou while searching for lichen food digs small holes, while the arctic fox follows the caribou. When caribou finishes making the hole, the arctic fox goes to this hole and digs it further to find the small mammals hiding eating them. Third is parasitism between liver tapeworm cysts and other animals like moose, caribou, where the tapeworms feed on the food of what the host's has been eaten which leads to the malnutrition of these animals hosts.