# data[].attributes.body
Absorption

Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of application into the bloodstream.

Except when a drug is directly applied to, or in the vicinity of, the target site, absorption must occur for a drug to exert its therapeutic effect.

Example: topical creams

Drug absorption is very significant in developing new drugs and establishing the therapeutic equivalence of new formulations or generic versions of existing drugs.

Factors Affecting Drug Absorption:
1. Physicochemical properties of drug example: lipid solubility, molecular size, degree of ionisation
2. Drug formulation
example: tablets, capsules and solutions
3. Route of Administration
example: oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal, IV
4. Rate of gastric emptying time

# data[].attributes.body
It is the rate and amount of drug that is absorbed from a given dosage form and reaches the systemic circulation following non-vascular administration.

The fraction of the systemic circulation. It varies  for other routes depending  on  absorption, first hepatic metabolism etc .

It is important to know the manner in which a drug is absorbed. The route of administration largely determines the latent period between administration and onset of action.

When the drug is given IV, the bioavailability is 100%.

# data[].attributes.headline
Major factors that reduce bioavailability to less than 100%:

# data[].attributes.subject
Major factors that reduce bioavailability to less than 100%:

# data[].attributes.body
1. Incomplete absorption
2. First-pass effect (liver metabolizes drug before drug reaches systemic circulation)

# data[].attributes.body
All generic medicines in New Zealand are approved by Medsafe and have been shown to be bioequivalent to innovator medicines, according to internationally accepted criteria and standards.¹

"This means that any differences in bioavailability between generic and innovator medicines are not clinically significant."

# data[].attributes.body
Comparison of Different Dosage form of Paracetamol

# data[].attributes.headline
Paracetamol (Standard Immediate Release Tablet) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Paracetamol (Standard Immediate Release Tablet) 

# data[].attributes.body
Comparison of Different Brands on Vitamin C

# data[].attributes.body
1. Abula, T. (2004). Pharmacology. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from http://frida.unito.it/wn_media/uploads/pharmaco_1432836510.pdf
2. Cook, D. (2019). Liposomal Vitamin C vs Regular Vitamin C. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.dougcookrd.com/vitamin-c-supplement/
3. Gordon, M. (n.d.). Medical Pharmacology Chapter 2: General Principles: Pharmacokinetics. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.pharmacology2000.com/General/Pharmacokinetics/kinobj1F.htm
4. Katie. (2016). Which Form of Vitamin C is Best? - VitaVibes Blog. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.vitacost.com/blog/vitamins-supplements/supplements/which-form-of-vitamin-c-is-best.html
5. New Zealand Data Sheet for Panadol Optizorb (Caplets/Tablets) retrieved from https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/p/Panadoloptizorbtabcaplets.pdf
6. New Zealand Data Sheet for Paracetamol 10mg/ml solution for injection  retrieved from https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/p/paracetamolAFTinf.pdf
7.  What is Bioavailability and Bioequivalence retrieved from https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2009/generics/bio.aspx