# data[].attributes.headline
United Nation's Universal Healthcare Goal

# data[].attributes.subject
United Nation's Universal Healthcare Goal

# data[].attributes.body
While global universal healthcare has been proposed by the United Nations, this article goes into detail about what challenges there are to provide universal healthcare for all nations. Like those faced in the United States, socio-economic status and other factors contribute greatly to the potential success or downfall of the UN's universal healthcare proposal.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, 14435-14460 (2019) Cite this article

Abstract

The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries. The results show that changes in price level (0.0062, p < 0.000), life risks of maternal death (4.579, p < 0.000), and under-5 mortality rate (0.374, p < 0.000) substantially increases out-of-pocket health expenditures, while CO ₂ emissions (5.681, p < 0.003), prevalence of undernourishment (15.184, p < 0.000), PM 2.5 particulate emission (1557, p < 0.000), unemployment, and private health expenditures (30.729, p < 0000) are associated with high mortality rate across countries. Healthcare reforms affected by low healthcare spending, unsustainable environment, and ease of environmental regulations that ultimately increases mortality rate across countries. The Granger causality estimates confirmed the different causal mechanisms between socio-economic and environmental factors, which is directly linked with the country's healthcare agenda, i.e., the causality running from (i) CO ₂ emissions to life risks of maternal death and under-5 mortality rate, (ii) from depth of food deficit to incidence of tuberculosis and unemployment, (iii) from PM 2.5 emissions to infant mortality rate, (iv) from foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to PM 2.5 emissions, (v) from trade openness to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and (vi) from mortality indicators to per capita income, while there is a feedback relationship between health expenditures and per capita income across countries. The variance decomposition analysis shows that (i) under-5 mortality rate will increase out-of-pocket health expenditures, (ii) unemployment rate will increase mortality indicators, and (iii) health expenditures will increase economic well-being in a panel of selected countries, for the next 10 years.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

1. Aldakhil AM, Nassani AA, Abro MMQ, Zaman K (2018) Food-beverage-tobacco consumption, smoking prevalence, and high-technology exports influenced healthcare sustainability agenda across the globe. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp 1-15

2. Al-Wazaify M, Matowe L, Albsoul-Younes A, Al-Omran OA (2006) Pharmacy education in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. Am J Pharm Educ 70(1):18. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700118

Article Google Scholar

3. Bohk C, Rau R (2016) Changing mortality patterns and their predictability: the case of the United States. In Dynamic demographic analysis. Springer, Cham, pp 69-89

4. Chemali, Z., Chahine, L. M., & Sibai, A. M. (2008). Older adult care in Lebanon: towards stronger and sustainable reforms. Online available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/117579 (Accessed on 26 Jan 2019).

5. Giskes K, van Lenthe F, Avendano-Pabon M, Brug J (2011) A systematic review of environmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: are we getting closer to understanding obesogenic environments? Obes Rev 12(5):e95-e106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00769.x

6. Minoglou M, Gerassimidou S, Komilis D (2017) Healthcare Waste Generation Worldwide and Its Dependence on Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors. Sustainability 9(2):220. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020220

Article Google Scholar

7. Moosa, N., & Pham, H. N. (2018). The Effect of Environmental Degradation on the Financing of Healthcare. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, (just-accepted).

8. Preston SH (2007) The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. Int J Epidemiol 36(3):484-490

9. Resch S, Hecht R (2018) Transitioning financial responsibility for health programs from external donors to developing countries: Key issues and recommendations for policy and research. J Glob Health 8(1):010301. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.08.010301

Article Google Scholar

10. Syed, A., & Jabeen, U. A. (2019). The Healthcare Financing and Health Outcomes in Zambia. In Human Rights, Public Values, and Leadership in Healthcare Policy (pp. 65-86). IGI Global.

11. Turner GM, Larsen KA, Candy S, Ogilvy S, Ananthapavan J, Moodie M et al (2017) Squandering Australia's food security-The environmental and economic costs of our unhealthy diet and the policy Path We're On. Journal of Cleaner Production, Forthcoming Issue

12. United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, Seventieth session Agenda items 15 and 116. Online available at: http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E (Accessed on 1 Feb 2018).

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Research group No. (RG-1436-037).

Author information

Affiliations

1. Department of Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Hummera Saleem & Wen Jiandong

2. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro

3. Department of Economics, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

Khalid Zaman

4. School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Aqeel Khan, Zainudin Bin Hassan & Mohd Rustam Mohd Rameli

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khalid Zaman.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Appendix

Appendix

Table 10 Countries Sample

About this article

Cite this article

Saleem, H., Jiandong, W., Aldakhil, A.M. et al. Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries . Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 14435-14460 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3
Download citation

Received:

Accepted:

Published:

Issue Date:

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Get shareable link

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Keywords

Environmental factors

Socio-economic factors

healthcare infrastructure

carbon dioxide emissions

GHG emissions

Asian-African countries

JEL Classification

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries - Environmental Science and Pollution Research

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries.

# data[].attributes.headline
U.S. Healthcare Spending compared to other Developed Nations

# data[].attributes.subject
U.S. Healthcare Spending compared to other Developed Nations

# data[].attributes.body
This article address the failures and successes of the United States healthcare system. It also addresses the potential methods for America in order to progress towards having a universal healthcare system.

# data[].attributes.body
This article compares and contrasts how different countries and their healthcare systems have handled the COVID-19 pandemic. With that being the most relevant disease affecting each country's healthcare systems globally, the U.S. can benefit from looking at how different country's healthcare systems work, since their healthcare system does not necessarily benefit everyone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A comparison of 2020 health policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This paper compares health policy responses to COVID-19 in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and United States of America (US) from January to Novem…

# data[].attributes.body
To Dr. Tedros: The U.S. healthcare system is very complex. It does not provide equal access to healthcare for all, which emphasizes the socio-economic divides within the country. Is there any other solution besides Medicare that seems possible to provide the opportunity to access to healthcare for everyone?

# data[].attributes.body
To Dr. Martin: The United States is one of the only first world countries that does not offer free healthcare to its citizens. Places like the United Kingdom do however offer their communities free healthcare. What can the U.S. policymakers take away from their diplomatic relationship with the U.K. in order to progress their broken healthcare system?

# data[].attributes.body
To Dr. Gostin: With the United Nations being one of the most influential powers in government globally, do you believe it is feasible for the UN to regulate each nation's healthcare system at a global level to ensure healthcare is a right for everyone?