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I think the content of this book is relatively comprehensive, I mean this book tried to describe elements caused achievement gap in many different aspects like growing environment, personal experiences, opportunities provided by the family. I think author of this book has already convey his ideas through the contents of this book.
LUN WANG

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In the reading I felt the author should have included much more of the middle classes perspective in order to cover all social statuses. I say this because the reading mainly focused on lower and higher income people.

-Viridiana Alvarado

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The author illustrates the importance of income and school success by highlighting non-school related expenditures such as food / athletic programs / music lessons / housing which is important in potentially enriching a child’s development. These types of expenditures can supplement a child’s learning/social life if families have the ability to receive quality care in each of these expenditures. Unfortunately as seen with the economic trends provided by the author, the reality is that most families of color cannot.

Ariel Alexandra Aviles

Tayla Dominique Crenshaw

Paola Alejandra Becerra

Natalia Orozco-Poblano

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We think that they should talked about the different schools that the students attended like the area and whether it was private or not because that changes the student's outcome in achievement levels. Depending on what the family income makes a difference on the type of school their kids could be sent to. We also think that there should have been more talk about the family background because what is happening in the family can have an impact on the student and their achievement in school.

Natalie Orozco-Poblano
Tayla Dominique Crenshaw
Ariel Alexandra Aviles
Paola Alejandra Becerra

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The author only talks about the gap between the rich and the poor, which is too extremely. He should talk about more stuff about the middle class.

-Zihan Qiu, Sifan wang, Bianca Yanez, Neil Lin Chen

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We thought that the author may also pay attention to the middle class to describe the income level and the related differences so that the text can be more comprehensive and overall.
Lan Duo, Yuxiang Qian, Zida Wang

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We'd like to refer to the example of Anthony and Alexander, Anthony coming from lower SES and Alexander coming from higher SES. We liked that Prof. Duncan showcased the difficulties of different students, giving us some insight on how drastic the spectrum can be for a student of low/high SES. Anthony's family was living paycheck to paycheck while Alexander had parents who were respected professionals. The two were the same age but had very different educational trajectories.

- Danielle Cruz, Kendrick Pham, Frida Romero, Fusi Fifita

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After reading chapter 3 our group enjoyed the way the reading includes how different systems in a child's life can influence their education. The fact that friends, family, and life at home can all influence a child's well being is very enlightening. I think the author did a really good job at explaining through situations how family's SES can affect the choices made in regards to the lengths parents are willing to go for their children's education and the opportunities they are exposed to.
- Alexandra Mencias, Thaylee Salgado Hernandez, Valeria Lopez, Usiel Angeles

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We really like how the author uses the contrast between Anthony and Alexander's lives to demonstrate the opportunity and achievement gap. The approximate $100,000 difference in their family income really make a difference in their academic performance. Not only are wealthier families able to provide opportunities for extracurricular activity, but also a safer living condition which really impacts students' achievement in school. Low-income families' living conditions are often unsafe and children may be exposed to neighborhood violence, which may negatively impact their mental health and actions.

- Jason Alexander Yu, Evelyn Su, Samuel Cho

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The book talks about the achievement gap through some examples. We agree that parents' social economic status matters. Parents with high SES are able to provide their kids better education opportunities, like the availability to technology and better teachers. However, students from low-income families don't have those opportunities. Also, in schools, staffs may hold the stereotypes toward the students of color, placing them into easier classes. This will both decrease their academic achievement and self-esteem. The examples are appealing and good to explain the situation.

Xiangqian Yu
Lan Duo

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The author illustrates how family income will affect school success in different aspects which make the connection between income and achievement gap easier to understand. The two families in the text have different financial literacy and parental education levels, the author lists examples about how these two differences will result in the children's school achievements. Also, lower income families might suffer more in mental illnesses and the lack of food, which are also major contributing factors to students' performances in school.

--Cuiyao Zeng; Tammy Vuong, Ningze Xia, Andrey Co.

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The authors use a lot of facts and personal stories which add to the emotional impact that his view represents. It gives examples from children whose families are severely struggling and compare them to children who have stable families and homes. He shows how this doesn't only affect the children's learning, but how it can also impact their lives and futures.

-Augustin Santiesteban, Emily Arreola, Mohammad Amirkhalili, Michelle Szeto

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Something that the author could have provided was some examples that are not affected by the income gap because not all families follow the income gap trend. Also, if they included the types of people or community because people in different societies act differently might affect the overall education achievement

-Audrey Kaitlin Co, Cuiyao Zeng, Ningze Xia, Tammy Vuong

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Our group thought that he did a really good job of clearly showing the difference between the two sides of the spectrum. He made it seem pretty easy for people to relate to, especially by using two different people as examples. We are able to see how income and background have so much impact on one's success, as someone may have the money and resources that someone else does not have access to.

Alexandria Dahncke
Brandon Jesus Rivera
Ashley Kwon

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Our group likes how the examples of students the article provided delved into the immediate family of the student. A student education id affected by the family as a whole. For instance, it provided detail of how Anthony didn't have as much education opportunities because of his parents' low income. Essentially, contrasting Alexander's situation, whose parents were wealthy.

Alejandra Guerrero
Natalie Nune Sarkisyan
Briana Lynn Chau
Beatrice Oh

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Although the authors have many great points and bring our attention to the problems plaguing the school system, they do not provide any solutions. It would be nice if they included a call to action to cement their point that, even though we have this problem, there is something we can do about it.

Ashley Minji Kwon, Alexandria Dahncke, Brandon Jesus Rivera

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It would be better that they spend some time to include more information, such as mental illness that plays into success, more family background (parents' backgrounds), home life (how their home life? was it stressful? was it joyful?)

Also, the examples given were a bit limited to the present: the two cases included were Alexander from a rather wealthy family and Anthony was in a low income family. What about the families in between? It would be better if there were perspectives from between. And explore some differences that other families might encounter as well.

- Sabrina Gogna, Kristy Lau, Harry Zhang, Xiaoxue Rong

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We feel that the reading could've incorperated alot wider of a spectrum in their study. For example, including data on middle class would've made this reading alot more personal to a wider spectrum of their audience. They also generalized exclusively one measure of academic achievement (standardized testing) and this only accounts for a minute measure of academic success, and incorperating more measures of academic success into their findings to make it more universal.
Alexies Garcia, Derek Wong, Raquel Lorenzo, Bryson Clark

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I think there is a one thing we need to worry about is the careless on children because there are a lot of low-income students suffer mental health problem because parents have to go to work to keep this family moving, which mean they will have less time to stay with their kids and careless on their mental health problems. Furthermore, since low-income families are not allow to buy a lot of things that their kids interested such as nice sneakers, great gaming laptop, etc. When the low-income students feel they no conversation with their classmates, they will feel alonly and caused the mental health problem.

Isaac Chang
Tianyu Feng
Veronica Ruiz Ortega
Kai Wang

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The author used great examples to prove his findings. Starting off with the use of the achievement gap and how we are able to understand it by using the points system from the 2005 national assessment. Further in the piece, the author touches on the fact that even after schooling, the achievement gap prevails in the workplace, as white workers get higher paying jobs as a result of their excelling in school.

James Sears
Zheyu Wu
Boya Liu

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The author utilizes authorized data and resources to explain the educational mobility trend to help the readers understand deeply about the achievement gap.
-Zihan Qiu, Sifan Wang, Bianca Yanez, Neil lin Chen

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The author has seriously considered the gap between the high-income groups and the low-income groups, which is good. However, we think people cannot be easily divided into these two groups. What about some in between? It would be better if he includes some contents about the middle class.

- Yuhuai Huang, Sophie Lynn Gedney, Maria Pilar Lolas, Ying Wang

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Writing a book is hard, but it is not guaranteed that everything in a book is right; some can just be the authors' opinions. In the book, the author has compared the lower-income families and higher-income families, but he is too extreme. Some children from lower-income families also succeed, we believe he should talk more about that instead of only focusing on higher-income families.

Jiayi Li (Cindy)
Joselyn Paulina Murillo
Jesus Hernandez

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We understand and appreciate that the author covered a lot of things in this part of article, one critique that we're thinking is that what about those people in the middle class, or in other words, not so rich or poor (since many of us is exactly in this social status). That might be another perspective

Chenxing Lu, Peifeng Wang, Jianian Li, Michael Alexander Vargas

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We appreciated that the authors included specific background about the two characters. It helped us gain a better depiction of their life as children in the home and children at school. Because they did this, we have a better image and understanding of what it's like to be from a wealthy family and low-income family.
- Sabrina Gogna, Kristy Lau, Harry Zhang, Xiaoxue Rong

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He used graphs and statistics so that we can understand the concepts better. And he even breaks down how money is spent for example, how much money private school costs, some family is willing to take out the loan so that their child can have quality of education.

Giselle P, Stephanie S, Jaejin K

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Isabella Seccia, Jiayue Liu, Susan Lee, Yancy Regalado Castro

We appreciated the stories of Anthony and Alexander, as they gave a more personal insight into the differences between low SES and high SES families.  The main differences being the time that was available for the parents to have teachable moments with their children and the funds either family had to spend on enrichment programs for their children.

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The author did a good job of comparing low income and high income households. However, it is important to talk about the middle class since they form most of the population and they are usually left out of the conversation. -Nancy Martin Del Campo, Beatrice White, Jefferey Chea.

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We really admired how professor Duncan takes into the two perspectives  of Anthony and Alexander. They two come from different SES's, backgrounds and lifestyles and it's very interesting to see how they would perform as students and fall within the achievement gap.

- Danielle Cruz, Frida Romero, Kendrick Pham, Fusi Fifita

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After reading the text, we agreed that the example that was provided about comparing the two different students' environments, regarding how they were raised by their parents and what is their socioeconomic status gives us a clear perspective on how big the achievement gap is between two different social classes.

- Sherry Valle
- Daniel Ho Kim
- Xinyi Li
- Zetian Ni

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Our group likes how the authors brought to light factors that affect the achievement gap that can be easily overlooked. The evidence is clear when it comes to how the quality of education and life is affected by what one has access to, such as access to extracurricular activities.

Nicole Janella Alberto
Anthony Gutierrez Moreno
Fangze Qian
Maiyu Hu

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Although many of the things the authors states about the differences in advantages between lower and higher income families are factual, one of the key points they could've touched upon is how middle-class families and immigrants play a role in this regard. It would have had a different perspective on their takes considering middle class families deal with both sides of the spectrum and can still go one or the other way of succeeding or lack there of. And given the information we have on families that have immigrated over, there can be even more insights on how family income can effect school success.

- Jason Yu, Evelyn Su, Samuel Cho

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We think that Professor Duncan and Murname did well in really breaking down HOW income can affect students. Some of these included the possible correlation between being in a low-income family with the negative effects on mental health, limited educational and extracurricular opportunities, scarce parental attention, etc. His examples of Anthony and Alexander help us get a better insight into one of the situations and what it's like to live in different incomed families. Figure 3.1 provides us with the extent to which the gap between the students living in a higher-income family compared to a lower-income family.

Alexis Luu
Diana Esparza
Lechen Li
Christine Chun
Priscilla Lee

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We appreciated the broadness in the text. There was issues regarding communities and their incomes, white flight, and the history of how it came to be. It helped us understand the differences between the communities and the different standpoints.
- Crystal Soojung Lee, Mariana Cruz, Brittany Alvarez, Seonghyun Ahn

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While the author provides great insight and views from both lower and higher income level families, I think providing a perspective from a middle class family would've been beneficial to learn about. Learning about different perspectives is crucial.

Giselle P, Stephanie S, Jaejin K

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Giving individual painted a better picture of the overall achievement gap, and it made it easier to empathize with the parties involved. He really compared and contrasted Alexander and Anthony in such a way that made the reading more concrete.

Gian-Paolo von Ruden
Qinwan He
Madison Sznicer
Jasmine Foo

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Something we noticed was that instead of focusing on students achievements/level of productivity in the classroom, he takes note of familial issues at home and how that relates to annual income. When families are struggling with financial issues, the children seem to have priorities and concerns that are more mind consuming than education, where education then becomes second priority. Along with that, the author mentions how when students are struggling at home with the basic necessities like clothes and food, there is a lack of attention and productivity in school due to their external issues.

Sophie Gedney, Yuhuai Huang, Maria Lolas, Ying Wang

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Something that really stood out while reading the chapter was the addition of family income affecting student's lives not just academically, but also mentally. There was this section in the chapter that showed how low income students are more likely to have mental health problems and have issues with socializing. It was really interesting to read this because it is definitely not talked about enough.

Solida Sun, Ashley Arellano, Youhan Zhou

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We thought the author should've written more about the history of segregation and how it affected their future. We also thought the author should've written more about the test scores and resources that could've gone to raise the test scores.
-  Mariana Cruz, Brittany Alvarez, Seonghyun Ahn, Crystal Soojung Lee,

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On page 6 of Chapter 3 the author begins by talking about how increased spending can lead to housing in areas that are safer that enable more achievement. While we think this makes sense, a detail the author mentions is that these neighborhoods have less airborne pollutants. Our critique, or rather where we wish the author would go more in depth is explaining how pollution targets certain communities which in turn affects the achievement gap. This doesn't make much sense as we kind of believed pollution was more universal and affecting everyone, not certain communities more than others.

Room 28 (Khine Thu, Joshua Mar, Ben Zahalka)

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Something that we found enlightening was when we read that doing extracurricular activities has an impact on the child's development stages. For example, the author compares Alexander to Anthony and shows a separation between the low and high class families and the differences in what activities they do. Also, we liked how the author had many examples of personal experiences and graphs. This allowed us to connect with the examples and visualize the differences of low and high family incomes for college graduation rates and etc.

Alize Tolson
Jessica Kim

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The author did a really great job at contextualizing the issue at hand (Achievement Gap) by taking us through the root of the problem. Although, the Achievement Gap is not a new idea introduced to me or my group, we didn’t truly understand before to what extent this had impacted society. His explanation on the after effect of technological advances was really helpful in identifying how this not only helped our society but brought harm in a different way as the people who were doing these things that computers are programmed to do now are now out of jobs.

Khine Thu
Joshua Mar
Ben Zahalka

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We genuinely enjoyed reading chapter 3. We liked how the author highlighted the influence of risk factors on the students' academic outcomes (e.g. how depression in low-income families can negatively affect their children's performance in school). In addition, we liked how the author stressed on the importance of how quality time with children affects their outcomes. We also agree that the author did a great job in including personal stories.

Names- Nieves Gallego, Myha Bui, Cem Babalik, Chengxi Li

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The author dives deep into the stories of Anthony and Alexander and compares their stories with two other boys, Garret and Harold. However, not all families are under the same circumstances as these four boys. There are some students who come from low income families, but do exceedingly well in school. The same goes for some students from high income families who perform poorly in school. It would have been good to provide stories of students from all SES backgrounds.

Priscilla Lee
Alexis Luu
Diana Esparza
Christine Jiwon Chun
Lechen Li

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The text provided stories from very different points of view in the educational spectrum. Wealthier families are able to provide better education for their families while low income families struggle to gain the same opportunities. By providing different points of view the author eloquently covered many topics that are usually taboo. -Nancy Martin Del Campo, Beatrice White, Jefferey Chea

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The book doesn't really offer an Asian American perspective. We think the perspective of Asian Americans differ well enough from Caucasian Americans that there should be more of a differentiation.

Gian-Paolo von Ruden
Qinwan He
Madison Sznicer
Jasmine Foo

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Critique: Although the achievement gap mainly concerns people of low SES and minorities it would be interesting if professor Duncan delved into the prospective of the people not affected by the achievement gap, AKA people of higher SES.

- Danielle Cruz, Kendrick Pham, Frida Romero , Fusi Fifita

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While the use of test scores can certainly provide insight into the achievement gap, it might be more insightful to include other measures of achievement.

Nathan Han
Yensa Tran
Bryce Doria

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Isabella Seccia, Jiayue Liu, Susan Lee, Yancy Regalado Castro
One critique is that the author did not consider those who have earned a trade when referring to income levels depending on the level of degree you attain.  For example, if someone takes classes to become certified in a certain skill, they can potentially earn as much as someone with a bachelor's degree.  In all, the level of degree that you attain is not the sole indicator for the amount of pay you can earn.

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One of the things that we felt should have been more expanded upon was the fact that immigrants and people of color mainly make up the lower half of the income bracket. It would've been nice to see those experiences more in the chapter and how they work essential jobs for long hours, yet get paid so little. This can definitely affect how their students would go through schooling and how much academic success they can achieve, especially with the struggle of western assimilation.

Solida Sun, Ashley Arellano, Youhan Zhou

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He includes personal testimonies and stories of different people, and thus creates a different experience for the readers by allowing them to comrephend it in a different light rather than being thrown statitics at. The method of including anicdotes allows readers to become empathetic and digest what theyre reading in a much more emotional and personal manner.

Alexies Garcia, Derek Wong, Raquel Lozano, Bryson Clark

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We really liked how Duncan referenced extracurriculars as "inputs" and how all of these "inputs" in a child's life is based on family income/SES because higher income families are able to enroll their children in more extracurriculars such as tutoring to enrich the child's learning experience. Not only that, but Duncan also references mental health and how a child's household/family/life situation can reflect onto their performance in the classroom.

Nathan han
Yensa Tran
Bryce Doria

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Although the author got a lower-income individual's perspective and a higher-income individual's, it would've been nice to see someone in the middle and their perspective.

-Augustin III Santiesteban, Emily Arreola, Mohammad Amirkhalili, Michelle Szeto

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Just because a book if published or a study shared, does not mean that every perspective is necessary the correct one. Is there some critique you can make of the reading? (Or, rather, if critique is too strong, perhaps some "thing" the authors left out or should reconsider.)

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Writing a book is hard! So, we should always make sure to acknowledge the impressive work that scholars do, including in this book. Is there some part of Ch. 3 that you found particularly enlightening or some "thing" that is really helpful in understanding the achievement gap?