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Manifest Destiny, the prominent idea/justification of expansion, led to expansion all the way to the Pacific. However the new land caused conflict with pro and anti slavery groups, which the Missouri Compromise was created to quell.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading figure in the literary Transcendentalism movement. His writings, and personal beliefs, spread the idea to many across the country.

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The Ku Klux Klan was an influential group in the redemption movement within the south. They were used as a vehicle for violence and intimidation which were extremely influential in the eventual overthrow of the Republican governments.

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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 forbade slavery above the 36th parallel. This compromise was made in an attempt to keep the balance of power between slave and free states. Later however, this policy was challenged with the further expansion of new territories out west, and was eventually repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

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Manifest Destiny was a prominent American ideology during the 19th century, and was the belief that it was Americans' God-given right to expand the US to the Pacific. Manifest Destiny served as a justification for expansion and was prominent in domestic policy. Such expansion led to many conflicts with Natives and eventually over the expansion of slavery.

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The Covenant Chain was a series of alliances/treaties between the Iroquois Confederacy and English Colonies in North America. They covered issues of violence, trade, and settlement (among other things). This was hugely important in shaping initial relations with some of the Native people, and in preserving peace and good relations between the colonists and the natives.

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The South Atlantic System, developed in British, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies in South and Central America. It produced sugar, tobacco, and rice for the international market. This system greatly increased the demand for hard labor, inevitably increasing the slave trade to America.

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Tribalization is the adaption of stateless peoples to demands imposed on them by neighboring states. Tribalization was prominent in the Americas as European diseases ravaged native groups, particularly the elderly, eventually transforming their cultures.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was a very influential writer, poet, and philosopher who led the transcendentalist movement in literature. This is apparent in his writing which often included solitude in nature or an emphasis on individualism.

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a hugely influential women's rights activist who's speeches inspired many to get involved in women's rights. She was particularly prevalent in women's suffrage, championing several suffrage groups and carrying the movement for decades.

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A religious and philosophical movement in the early-mid 19th century, Transcendentalism is a belief that man was at his best when independent which also adapted an appreciation for nature. They advocated for a personal relationship with God and celebrated individualism. Transcendentalism inspired an entire literary movement.

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Taking place in the early 19th century, the Second Great Awakening was a protestant revival movement centered around moral and philanthropic initiatives like temperance and emancipation for women. It also revived religious enthusiasm for many around the United States.

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The Freedmen's Bureau was established in 1865 by Congress to give aide to former slaves and poor whites in the south following the devastating Civil War. The Freedmen's Bureau provided them with food, housing, and medical aide among other things. This was an instrumental institution in Reconstruction and in aiding those who had been taken advantage for so long.

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Founded in 1865, the Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist group that spread rapidly throughout the south post-Civil War. The KKK were an important vehicle in the overthrow of the Radical Republican governments and played a vital role in the end of Reconstruction in the south. Their methods of intimidation and violence, and disgust of black people and their rights, spread hatred and white supremacy through the south all over again.

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Redemption was a movement in the South during Reconstruction in which white democrats overthrew the Radical Republican governments that had been established post Civil War. Their intent was to establish the "Old South" of white supremacy and black suppression. They used mobs and numerous white supremacist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, to terrorize, and kill, blacks and pro-Reconstruction politicians. This period was significant in wreaking social and civil havoc and reinstating the hate and violence of the pre-Civil War south.

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Enacted in 1870, the 15th Amendment specified that the right to vote would not be denied on the basis of race, color, or former servitude. This finally gave all black men the right to vote, and was another huge step in black rights. Although it was monumental, loopholes, such as a literary test, prevented many from exercising that right.

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Passed in 1868, the 14th Amendment specified that all people born or naturalized in the US are citizens. This granted the newly emancipated slaves citizenship and was a huge achievement in black rights.

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In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased 827,000 sq. miles of land west of the Mississippi from France. This monumental swath of land greatly expanded America across the continent, furthering developing ideas of expansion. It also opened the US to a multitude of new resources out west and led to interactions with more native groups.

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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a series of laws passed that restricted foreign residents' rights. The Alien Act specifically gave authorization to the President to deport aliens and the Sedition Act raised the residency requirement to become a citizen. They were enacted as a fear of war with France and resulted in the alienation of many immigrants.

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The Intolerable Acts were punishments inflicted on Boston as a result of the Boston Tea Party

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As a result of the Boston Tea Party, Great Britain enforced the Intolerable Acts. These harsh punishments inflicted on Boston included closing their ports and all but ending their self-government. Their intent to isolate Boston backfired, instead infuriating the rest of the colonies and creating further unrest for a revolution.

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The Boston Tea Party was a colonial protest of "taxation without representation" where Sons of Liberty members disguised themselves as Indians and dumped tons of British tea over into the harbor. This was another defiant example on behalf of the colonists and laid the groundwork for further punishment/tensions.

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Thomas Paine was a writer and philosopher. His pamphlet "Common Sense" argued for independence from Britain. It was largely distributed across the colonies and crucial in convincing the colonists to fight for their independence from Britain.

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The Declaration of Independence, signed on July 4th, 1776, was the colonist's formal declaration of independence from Great Britain, and cited their grievances and reasons for a revolution. It emphasized personal rights and liberties and monumentally changed American history.

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These are connected because the policies enacted from the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the violent outbursts in Bleeding Kansas.

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A politician and orator, Stephen Douglas ran against Lincoln in the 1860 election, but more importantly, participated in the Lincoln-Douglas debates during the Illinois senate race. These debates brought slavery to the forefront of the conversation and were instrumental in making Lincoln a primary Republican candidate while alienating Douglas.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to vote on whether they should be a slave or free state upon admission. This law repealed the Missouri Compromise by potentially allowing slavery above the Missouri line. It also caused violence in the Kansas territory called "Bleeding Kansas"

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Bleeding Kansas was a period of violence from 1855-1861 between slavery and anti-slavery groups in the Kansas Territory. In an attempt to sway the vote (from the Kansas Nebraska Act) many pro and anti-slavery groups flooded into Kansas eventually leading to increased tensions and violence. Bleeding Kansas represented the increasing tensions over slavery throughout the country and foreshadowed the devastating Civil War.

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The President of the United States from 1861 to his death in 1865. He was outspoken against slavery and the victor of the Election of 1860 which caused immediate secession of southern states. Lincoln also led the country through the Civil War and is highly regarded as one of the best Presidents in history.

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The Bill of Rights were the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. They were incredibly important in further protecting individual rights from being imposed on by federal power, and allowing changes to the Constitution was revolutionary.

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A founding father and the first Treasury Secretary of the United States, Hamilton laid the foundation for the financial layout of the country.

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The Middle Passage was the transport of African slaves to the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean. The Middle Passage was instrumental in the transport of slaves

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The Chesapeake Colonies of Virginia and Maryland developed an economy on the cash crop of tobacco. This

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The Iroquois Confederacy were a very influential Indian tribe in North America. Part of the Covenant Chain, the Iroquois were heavily involved in treaties, alliances, and trade with colonists. They also played an important role in the French Indian War.

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Fought in North America from 1754-1763, Europeans rivals, France and Britain, were competing for resources and influence in the Ohio River Valley. Initially starting as a territory dispute, it escalated into a full conflict. As a result, Great Britain won and gained control over the Ohio River Valley.

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The United States’ acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over the extension of slavery into new territories.

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 Increasing numbers of Americans, many inspired by new religious and intellectual movements, worked primarily outside of government institutions to advance their ideals.

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Reconstruction and the Civil War ended slavery, altered relationships between the states and the federal government, and led to debates over new definitions of citizenship, particularly regarding the rights of African Americans, women, and other minorities.

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In the decades after American independence, interactions among different groups resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending.

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Debates over slavery came to dominate political discussion in the 1850s, culminating in the bitter election of 1860 and the secession of Southern states.

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After declaring independence, American political leaders created new constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both centralized power and excessive popular influence

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The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.

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Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.

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Competition over resources between European rivals and American Indians encouraged industry and trade and led to conflict in the Americas.

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Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land and labor that shaped the social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations.