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the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles

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the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system

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the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985

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Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars Program)

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Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars Program)

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which was a plan for a space-based missile defense system against any threat of Soviet missiles.

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the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, through verbal communication. The term in diplomacy originates around 1912 when France and Germany tried, without success, to reduce tensions. Most often the term is used for a phase of the Cold War

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an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War

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was a North Vietnamese revolutionary and politician. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and then its President from 1945 to 1969

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was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba

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a failed attempt by US-sponsored Cuban exiles to reverse Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, beginning with a military invasion of northern Cuba

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a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border

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an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1962

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an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions

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the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall

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a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States

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treaty establishing a mutual-defense organization (Warsaw Treaty Organization) composed originally of the Soviet Union and Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania

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endowed with the outward symbols of authority but in which direction and control are exercised by another power

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a notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989

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an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty

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established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western European countries, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement

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one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with ensuring international peace and security, accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its charter.

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an intergovernmental organization responsible for maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation, and being a center for harmonizing the actions of nations

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was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion

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Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War. a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy

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was a mass slaughter of Tutsi, Twa, and moderate Hutu in Rwanda, which took place between 7 April and 15 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Most historians agree that a genocide against the Tutsi had been planned for at least a year.

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was the World War II genocide of the European Jews. Between 1941 and 1945, across German-occupied Europe, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population

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A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions

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Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan and the Axis powers during World War II

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the day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy

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a method of warfare whereby an attacking force

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Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict

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was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940

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a form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power

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the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated

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Het Economisch Bureau schrijft dagelijks over ontwikkelingen in de macro-economie. Bekijk al onze publicaties en columns.

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was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States

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an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist, who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British Rule, and in turn inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world

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was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China

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was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist

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The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century that would allow for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally

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also called the Partition of Africa or the Conquest of Africa, was the invasion, occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by European powers during the period known to historians as the New Imperialism

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is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis

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an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interest

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workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism)

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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

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international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions

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the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it, considered as factors regulating its price.

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the activity or condition of competing

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one's personal interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for others

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a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

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a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law

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a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine

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The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was an early steam engine and was one of the driving forces of the industrial revolution

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land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship

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a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so

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the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics

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the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons

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a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary

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philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism

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was a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe

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was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States

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the state of being a slave

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was a French general and best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution

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was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814

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a country that is officially independent, but not in practice. Puppet governments are usually kept in power by military force provided by an occupying country

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a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days

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a military strategy of burning or destroying crops or other resources that might be of use to an invading enemy force

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the French civil code established under the French Consulate in 1804. ... The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws

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the overthrow of an existing government by non-democratic means; typically, it is an illegal

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identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations

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a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

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a human civil rights document from the French Revolution

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an instrument for inflicting capital punishment by decapitation that came into common use in France after 1792 (during the French Revolution

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a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular reign of terror the period of the Terror during the French Revolution

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an uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799 which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic

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representing the three estates of the realm (the clergy, the nobility, and the commons)

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an authoritarian or non-democratic leader who exercises his political power for the benefit of the people

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an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies

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a concept used in moral and political philosophy, religion, social contract theories and international law to denote the hypothetical conditions of what the lives of people might have been like before societies came into existence

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a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed

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an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits

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a supreme ruler, especially a monarch

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a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline

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the action of enlightening or the state of being enlightened

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a political theory and form of government in which unlimited, complete power is held by a centralized sovereign individual, with no checks or balances from any other part of the nation or government

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was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

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the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes

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a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports

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a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.

"a farm subsidy

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

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theory of kingship, is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy

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king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles

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a series of leaders in the same family

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part of the trade where Africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the Atlantic to the West Indies

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was the tenth Mansa, which translates to "sultan", "conqueror", or "emperor", of the wealthy West African Islamic Mali Empire

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the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena

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a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa

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large biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa

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a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

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was a global war fought in the middle 1700s which involved all five european great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers