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Political, economic, social:

Vast financial cost of WWI

Thousands died from disease and  poverty

Destroyed certainties about social  and economic life

Human suffering

Peace Treaties(p437):

The Treaty of Versailles

The League of Nations

The Roaring Twenties(p442):

Technological advancements

The Great Depression(p1447):

Impacts on Australia

Communism(p452):

Communism refers to a theory for revolutionary change  and political and socio economic organisation based on  common control of the means of production as opposed  to private ownership.

Fascism(p454):

Fascism, political ideology and mass movement.  Characteristics in common:

The rise of fascism

Create a people’s community, in which individual  interests would be subordinated to the good of the  nation.

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Failure of Appeasement

Munich agreement 1938

Chamberlain- giving into some of  Germany’s demands would prevent  another war.

Germany had the right to rearm to  protect itself

Germany given claims to some of the  remaining territory

Japanese Militarism

Allies with Germany to gain territory

Fascist: Violently nationalist and anti  communist

Occupied Manchuria in 1931

The Great Depression

1929 New York Stock Market  crashed

Result was no international  trade, economies started sliding  into depression

Germany no longer received  American aid

USA calls in loans

Mass unemployment and  poverty

International conflict and  tension

1932- 6 million Germans were  unemployed

Opportunity for the rise of the  Nazi party popularity

Failure of treaties

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Brought the end to World War I

Imposed harsh conditions upon the  Germans.

Reduction of fighting power

Redistribution of territory

Reparations to be paid ($33  billion)

League of Nations

Verbal, economic, physical sanctions

Did not have military force

US did not join

Germany and Russia not  included

The Rise of Fascism

Mussolini in Italy

Not happy with treatment after WWI

Bring back pride to his country

Hitler in Germany 1933

Nazi’s- strongest party in Germany

Hitler claimed the German’s were “Better,  stronger and more intelligent ” than other  countries

Controlled the way people lived

People who criticised the government or did not  obey were punished

Fascists wanted to make their country strong

Fittest and strongest would survive

Expand territory

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Rationing(p504)

To help maintain limited food supply

Given to every household

Petrol rationed

Plants and herbs used to make tea

Clothes handed down

Censorship

Government control

Public morale and enthusiasm for the war

Enemy did not obtain  important information

Conscription/enlistment (p485)

1939: All unmarried men under  21 (Australia)

1942: All men 18-35

Single men 35+

Changing roles of women(p507)

1941 called for women to join the war

Telephone and wireless operators

27,000 WAAAF

500,000 in industry and munitions  factories, ship building, aircraft

Australian Women’s Land Army

The Red Cross (nurses on the front  line)

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Fall of Singapore(p490) :

British surrender

15,000 Australian troops taken as POW

Last base protecting Australia

Singapore directly threatened by  Japanese forces

Australian prisoners of war(p499):

More than 30000 prisoners of war

97% survived the war

8000/21,467 that were captured by the  Japanese, died in captivity (executions,  slave labour, starvation and disease)

Alliance (513):

Change from Britain to USA

Kokoda(p493):

Hindered the Japanese invasion of Port Moresby  on the Kokoda track

Protecting the Homefront (p502):

Coast-watchers to spot Japanese

Air raid wardens

Digging of air raid shelters and filling of sandbags  to help brace buildings from bombs

In 1942 Darwin was hit by two Japanese aids raids

90 bombers

Killing 243 people

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World War II overview:

60 million World War II deaths

11 million died in German death camps

Hitler’s “final solution”:

The “Holocaust”

Jewish people forced out of  businesses

Had to wear the “Star of David” to  signify being Jewish

Homes and property were confiscated

Jewish people were rounded up and  sent into Ghettos

Forced into “Working Camps” and  later extermination/ death camps.

Mass murder began in 1941

An attempted genocide

6 million Jewish deaths

Mass execution

Gas chambers

Disease

Extreme living conditions

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The European powers that conquered the world  were weakened leaving it difficult to support the  colonies.

A process of decolonisation began allowing  independence for some countries to self govern.The UN Charter created choices allowing more  people to choose own systems of government.

Since the creation of the UN 80+ former colonies  have become independent nations.

UN become big supporters of decolonisation.

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Investigating Rights and  Freedoms (1945-the present) Ch 24

The US civil rights movement and  its influence on Australia
•Rights and Freedoms (timeline)  p535

•The struggle for Rights and  Freedoms

•Fight for Civil Rights

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The origins and significance of the  Universal Declaration of Human  Rights (p547).

Bus boycotts & violent & non violent protests

Martin Luther King Jr. /Black  Panthers
Despite slavery being banned in  1860s African Americans suffered  discrimination.

Segregation in US led to start of civil  rights movement.

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The background to the struggle of  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander  Peoples for rights and freedoms  before 1965.

Influence by US movement and  freedom riders.
•A day of Mourning J Pattern 1938  p541

•The Stolen Generation  (Assimilation Policy) p543

•Freedom Rides p553

•Being Counted p556

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The significance of Bringing Them  Home Report and Land Rights of  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander  Peoples

The Tent Embassy, Vincent Lingiari  P565

Native Land Rights and protests  Mabo, p568

Reconciliation –Bringing them  Home Report, p574

Achieving change Aboriginal and  Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

The road to Reconciliation and  continued struggles.

The Redfern Speech

Gough Whitlam Sorry Day

The Struggle Continues

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Ch1.2 Key features ofAustralia’s  system of government

•Constitutional monarchy

•Sovereignty of Parliament

•Westminster system

•Separation of powers  Democratic elections
Ch1.3 Key features of Japan’s  system of government and or one  other system

Movement from an  absolute  monarchy to a constitutional  monarchy

•Westminster system

•Sovereignty of the people

•Separation of powers

•Elections

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Ch 2.1 Global citizenship

•What does it mean to be a global  citizen and what does it involve?

•Australia’s contribution to global  citizenship

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Australia’s roles and responsibilities  at a global level

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Australia’s roles and responsibilities  at a global level

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Ch 2.3 The United Nations and  Australia

•Australia’s role in founding the UN

•Australia’s increasing role in the  UN

•Australia’s role on the security  council:
Ch 2.4 UN peace keepers

•The role of UN peacekeepers

•Current UN peacekeeping  missions:

# data[].attributes.headline
What occurred at the Paris Peace Conference? 

# data[].attributes.subject
What occurred at the Paris Peace Conference? 

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Also known as the Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of WW I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers

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Outline the harsh terms of the Treaty imposed in Germany

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Outline the harsh terms of the Treaty imposed in Germany

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Restrictions on the size of their military forces

Volunteer army no more than 100, 000

Conscription, air force and submarines not permitted

Navy was to be reduced in size

Reparation payments to the Allies

Railway stock and large ships handed over

build a further million tonnes of ships for the Allies

Loss of territory:

Provinces were returned to France

Territory in the east given to Poland

Plebiscites held in German East Prussia and Silesia = people to pick whether to remain in Germany or go to Poland

15 years, occupied German Rhineland

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How did Germany react to the Treaty Of Versailles?

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How did Germany react to the Treaty Of Versailles?

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They were against it

They didn't see why they had to pay reparations, but they still had to agree to it

They did not agree to the terms of the treaty as they had already endured enough from the war as the allies had taken heaps from them already so they couldn't suffer reparations so they declined. Until they were forced to as they would have everything taken away.

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How was the League Of Nations established?

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How was the League Of Nations established?

# data[].attributes.body
Countries came together after WW1 because no one wanted to have another war, the league was created to prevent future wars. It was US presidents Woodrow Wilson’s idea and when it was formed it held promise as a guardian of world peace

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Ideology is a set of beliefs that provide the basis of political systems

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Define fascism and its rise in Germany and Italy?

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Define fascism and its rise in Germany and Italy?

# data[].attributes.body
Fascism: is a theory of government in which a single party or leader (dictator) controls the economic, social and cultural lives of its people.

Germany:
The most significant result of the rise of fascism was felt in Germany. At the end of World War I the country was bitterly divided. Germany became a democratic republic. How- ever, the German Spartacists (communists) wanted to follow the Bolsheviks’ example and found a socialist republic based on workers’ soviets. The moderate socialists wanted to reform Germany through parliamentary democracy. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini

Italy:
Italy was the first country in which fascists gained power. During World War I there had been heavy fighting in Italy’s own territory. The war’s end brought rising prices, high unemployment and nationalist resentment that Italy did not gain more from the peace treaties. Italy experienced great social conflict after the war.

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only the strong survive

the hated communism is regarded as a Jewish ideology

the Germanic master race must defeat its racial enemies, especially the Jews

Germany must gain Lebensraum (living room) for its expanding population by taking land from non-

Aryan races the Führerprinzip (leader principle) dictates that all opposition must be crushed and there must be total obedience to the leader.

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What propaganda tactics did the Third Reich use?

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What propaganda tactics did the Third Reich use?

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Used posters showing hitler

Posters to show how great Germany was

Posters to show how heroic Hitler was and how he was God like

As well as posters to show  lots of food to make them think that they were surviving

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Foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved nation through negotiation in order to prevent war.

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How were Australians affected by the Great Depression?

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How were Australians affected by the Great Depression?

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It was among the nations that were hardest hit by the Depression.

Australia owed a large and increasing amount of interest to overseas lenders. Any big fall in exports or in prices for them and any reduction of overseas loan funds would cause problems.

With loans no longer available to pay for public works and construction projects, many workers lost their jobs.

This reduced demand for goods produced in other industries. By 1930 nearly 20 per cent of Australian workers were unemployed and many others had only part- time work. In 1932 unemployment reached almost 30 per cent.

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What impact did the Great Depression have on Germany

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What impact did the Great Depression have on Germany

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Germany was hit particularly hard. Its industry depended on foreign loans as did the German government to meet reparations payments. By 1929, the German economy had only just reached its pre-war levels. Foreign loans dried up and German exports collapsed. By 1932, six million Germans were unemployed.

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What was the Holocaust? Why was it a war crime? 

# data[].attributes.subject
What was the Holocaust? Why was it a war crime? 

# data[].attributes.body
The Holocaust was the most structured of all Nazi war crimes. It was an act of genocide (racial killing) intended to wipe out European Jews.
Nazi persecution of Jews intensified after the outbreak of the war and the mass murder of Jews began in 1941.
The sick, young children and elderly people were immediately forced into gas chambers disguised as showers. There they were gassed to death and their bodies were then incinerated in gas ovens. Others who were fit were selected for slave labour and killed later when they became too weak to work
6 Million jews were killed!

War Crime: an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war
It was a war crime as it killed innocent people

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Outline how the league of nations failed to achieve its aims

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Outline how the league of nations failed to achieve its aims

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The League’s main task was to prevent wars
The League never had the power to achieve its aim of preventing major wars.
The League could threaten military action against an aggressor. But it had no military force of its own and could not compel its members to provide forces.
A further major weakness was that some important nations were not League members - (Germany, Japan & Russia)

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Identify the countries and areas taken over by the Japanese between 1937 and 1942?

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Identify the countries and areas taken over by the Japanese between 1937 and 1942?

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In July 1937 Japan launched a full-scale attack against China, quickly taking the cities of Beijing, Guang- zhou and Nanjing.

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1967 Referendum: a vote on a particular matter by former Prime Minister Harold Holt seeking authority to count Aborigines in the Australian Census in 1967. It would allow the federal government to legislate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It was the most successful with over 90% of Australians agreeing, however, it was far lower in some rural areas.

Tent Embassy: is a semi-permanent assemblage claiming to represent the political rights of Aboriginal Australians. It is made up of a group of activists, signs and tents that reside on the lawn of Old Parliament House in Canberra. It is not considered an official embassy by the AUS government.

Land Rights: the rights of Indigenous peoples to possess land they traditionally owned and occupied

Reconciliation: to come to agreement after a time of quarrelling or hostility

Eddie Mabo: an Australian man from the Torres Strait Islands known for his role in campaigning for Indigenous land rights and for his role in a landmark decision of the High Court of Australia which overturned the legal doctrine of Terra Nullius which characterised Australian law with regard to land and title.

Terra Nullius: a Latin phrase meaning ‘land belonging to no one’; used by the British to justify the settlement of Australia. The belief that the Indigenous inhabitants did not own the land and therefore the British could occupy and own it

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: the first specific global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled. This landmark document has 30 articles and has informed many international and national treaties and agreements relating to rights.

Rights and Freedoms: they include civil and political rights, which refer to a person’s right to take part in the civil and political life of their community without discrimination or oppression.

Civil Rights: the rights of citizens to political and social freedom

Bus Boycotts: political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system. It was a seminal event in the civil rights movement.

Martin Luther King: charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks in 1929-1968.

Black Panthers: a political organisation founded in 1966 to challenge police brutality against the African American community.

Day of Mourning: a protest held by Aboriginal Australians on 26 January 1938, the 150th anniversary of British colonisation of Australia.

Freedom Riders: in the US, protesters against racist and segregationist policies who toured the southern US in buses to bring their cause to public notice. In AUS, Aboriginal protesters who toured the Australian states to highlight racism and discrimination against Aborigines.

Stolen Generation: the Aboriginal people forcibly removed from their families as children between 1900s & 1960s, to be brought up by white foster families or in institutions.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why was the fall of Singapore so significant?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why was the fall of Singapore so significant?

# data[].attributes.body
When Japan overtook Singapore it left Australia vulnerable to attacks and these attacks did happen in Singapore gave direct access to invade Australia, creating mass panic down under. Australia was attacked on the 19th of Feb 1942.

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In what ways was Australia unprepared to face the threat of a Japanese invasion in 1942? 

# data[].attributes.subject
In what ways was Australia unprepared to face the threat of a Japanese invasion in 1942? 

# data[].attributes.body
Australia lacked the ships and planes to prevent a Japanese landing on the north or west of the Australian mainland

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What was the Prime Minister John Curtin’s response to the threat of invasion?

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What was the Prime Minister John Curtin’s response to the threat of invasion?

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On that day John Curtin, Australia’s recently elected Labor prime minister, declared that Australia would look beyond Britain to shape its own foreign policy.

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Explain how Japanese attacks on Australia and the experiences of Australian POWs might have affected australian attitudes to Japan after the war?

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Explain how Japanese attacks on Australia and the experiences of Australian POWs might have affected australian attitudes to Japan after the war?

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They would've felt a need for revenge for the way the aussie troops were treated in the prisoner camps, it was inhumane and very horrific

# data[].attributes.headline
Which event contributed to Prime Minister Curtin’s decision to pursue an alliance with the USA over Britain?

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Which event contributed to Prime Minister Curtin’s decision to pursue an alliance with the USA over Britain?

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The attack on pearl harbour as now the US had joined the war and wanted bases nearer to Japan so that they could attack easier. These bases were offered in an agreement to become allied with one another. Britain at the time was fighting Germans in Germany and was unable to help Australia in any way

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What were the significant impacts on Australia way of life during WW2? How did men’s and women’s role change?

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What were the significant impacts on Australia way of life during WW2? How did men’s and women’s role change?

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More Women joined the workforce as the jobs men left behind needed to be done. New jobs such as coastal patrols were created so that if an attack was coming people could be warned and have time to fight back

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss some of the issues relating to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Discuss some of the issues relating to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Discuss the role played by Martin Luther King in the American Civil Rights Movement? 

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Discuss the role played by Martin Luther King in the American Civil Rights Movement? 

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss some of the Non-Violent protests used by African Americans to gain civil rights in America

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Discuss some of the Non-Violent protests used by African Americans to gain civil rights in America

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Why was there a “Day of Mourning” acknowledged by the Australian Aboriginals?

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Why was there a “Day of Mourning” acknowledged by the Australian Aboriginals?

# data[].attributes.headline
What sort of treatment did the Aboriginal people receive on the Reserves, Missions and as Fringe Dwellers?

# data[].attributes.subject
What sort of treatment did the Aboriginal people receive on the Reserves, Missions and as Fringe Dwellers?

# data[].attributes.headline
What were some of the major events leading to the success of the 1967 Referendum?

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What were some of the major events leading to the success of the 1967 Referendum?

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss the significance of the Tent Embassy, set up at the foot of Australia’s Parliament House in 1972

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Discuss the significance of the Tent Embassy, set up at the foot of Australia’s Parliament House in 1972

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Explain what the “Bringing them Home” report was and why it was written?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain what the “Bringing them Home” report was and why it was written?

# data[].attributes.headline
Discuss the roles played by Eddie Mabo and Vincent Lingiari in the fight for Civil Rights for Australian Aboriginals

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Discuss the roles played by Eddie Mabo and Vincent Lingiari in the fight for Civil Rights for Australian Aboriginals

# data[].attributes.headline
 Discuss indigenous support today, are needs being met?

# data[].attributes.subject
 Discuss indigenous support today, are needs being met?

# data[].attributes.headline
Why does Australia have a conditional monarchy

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Why does Australia have a conditional monarchy

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A type of government based on a constitution with a queen or king as its head

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Australia consisted of six colonies, each colony had its own government and the power to make laws under the control of the British monarchy

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What is the difference between the ‘Division of Powers’ and the ‘Separation of Powers’

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What is the difference between the ‘Division of Powers’ and the ‘Separation of Powers’

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Separation of powers is the division of government into the legislature (parliament), executive (ministers and the public service) and judiciary with the aim of providing a system of checks and balances that prevents the excessive concentration of power in one group. Division of powers is the separation of levels of government such as federal, state or local.

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Explain the roles and responsibilities of the House of Representatives

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Explain the roles and responsibilities of the House of Representatives

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representatives introduce bills and resolutions, offer amendments and serve on committees.

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Explain the roles and responsibilities of the Upper House

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Explain the roles and responsibilities of the Upper House

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Role as a check on government by scrutinising bills, delegated legislation, government administration, and government policy in general. It does this by way of procedures utilised in the Senate chamber itself

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What is the difference between preferential and proportional voting systems

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What is the difference between preferential and proportional voting systems

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain how the first-past-the-post system of voting work

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Explain how the first-past-the-post system of voting work

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What are the shared values that underpins Australian society?

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What are the shared values that underpins Australian society?

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Explain government aid and Non-government foreign aid 

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Explain government aid and Non-government foreign aid 

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Give examples of two of the above organisations

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Give examples of two of the above organisations

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Describe how Australia is contributing as global citizens

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Describe how Australia is contributing as global citizens

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the first specific global expression of rights to which all

human beings are inherently entitled

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Britain, France and the other states on the winning side in World War I