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Kristallnacht (The Night of Crystal) or the “Night of Broken Glass” was a series of incidents that occurred November 9-10, 1938. Prior to the Night of Broken Glass, a Jewish boy by the name of Herschel Grynszpan shot and killed Ernst vom Rath, a German embassy official. This and the oppression of Anti-Jewish German policies resulting in 30, 000 Jewish men being sent to concentration camps increased the tension between the Germans and the Jews. Thus resulting in the Night of Broken Glass. Nazis, under Hitler’s control, torched churches and vandalized Jewish property, and at least 100 Jews were killed. Thus giving it the name "Night of Broken Glass". Prior to Kristallnacht, the so-called Jewish oppression was non-violent, but after Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Jewish oppression grew increasingly worse until the “Final solution” to the “Jewish problem” (The Holocaust).

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For Germany to host the 1936 Olympics, it was a perfect opportunity to show off to the world as 49 countries were competing. The Nazi Germany athletic superstar was Lutz Lang; which was a long jumper who fitted the image of blonde hair, blue eyed Aryan. The most famous person at the time was Jesse Owens of America (African American) who was discriminated by Nazi's due to the fact that he was black. All anti-Semitic posters had disappeared so the games could run smoothly and caused no upset. But the upset was called in the game when Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals in the 100m, 200m, long jump and 4 x 100m relay. He broke 11 Olympic records and defeated Lutz Lang in a very close long jump final. Hitler refused to place the gold medal around Owens neck.

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Hideki Tojo became a Minister of War in the government during the summer of 1940. Tojo made it very clear that he believed Japan should push South in the far East. October 14, 1941, Tojo was appointed as the Prime Minister of Japan. During this time, Tojo accepted the fact that it was inevitable to avoid a war with America. Therefore, he was the mastermind behind the Pearl Harbour attack in December of that same year. WIth the success of the attack against America, Japan’s army celebrated with great joy for the next few months which strengthened Tojo’s power in Japan. However, America eventually gathered their own troops along with allies. Using this power, America was able to advance through the Pacific islands and bomb Japan. With Japan being reduced to crumbs by the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings, the emperor of Japan, Hirohito, concluded that Tojo had lost control of things which influenced Tojo to release his resignation on July 9, 1944. Tojo was put on trial in November 1948 as a criminal. Being accused of instigating Japan’s foreign policy, and permitting prisoner abuse, he was found guilty and hanged.

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Basically it was a political standoff between a Austrian representative and Hitler himself. What happened was Hitler had demands that he wanted filled and they were, but the president declared his independence. In response, Hitler sent a message to the Hungarian friend: Mussolini, in which it was an document full of lies and anger. Mussolini approved of the message and Hitler began the invasion of Austria. Hitler invasion is successful and now Austria is a part of Nazi Germany. That's the story of the German Anschluss.

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Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine river in western Germany. When Rhineland was invaded Hitler began re-militarizing it. In 1939, Hitler then invaded Poland, leading to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.

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The Munich Agreement September 30, 1938 (Munich, Germany) It was a settlement reached by Adolf Hitler (Germany), Neville Chamberlain (Great Britain), Edouard Daladier (France), and Benito Mussolini (Italy). To avoid war and an alliance with Joseph Stalin, Chamberlian and Daladier agreed that Germany could have the Sudentenland. The Agreement allowed German annexation of the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia. Even though Germany only had control over this portion of Czechoslovakia, Hitler continued to march through the rest of the country and take charge of the whole country.

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It is the state of mind in which the Germans had during the time frame that caused them to think that others of different ethnic backgrounds were lower than themselves. This state of mind also contributed to their actions of taking things from them, forcing them into slavery or the concentration camps. This is important to the war because this was one of their driving forces behind their actions throughout the war.

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Roosevelt seized all Japanese assets in the United States as a retaliation for the Japanese occupation of French Indo-china. Soon after, Britain and Dutch East Indies also did the same. As a result, Japan lost access to ¾ of its overseas trade and 88% of its imported oil.

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Rome-Berlin Axis, union formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulates by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939. The term Axis Powers came to include Japan as well. Germany and Italy had little in common but common enemies had more significantly the shared aim of both wanting to assert themselves as revisionist of maximizing their own political interests. Italy had sided politically with Great Britain and France. A change occurred in 1935, caused by Italy engaging in a war to conquer Ethiopia. The British at once showed great displeasure. For Italy, the alliance promised support in case of a major war, and an end to their political isolation. For Germany it meant that their south boundary was protected. It thereby released German troops for use in other operations.

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Treaty prohibited German and Russian military action against eachother. Hitler signed the treaty to ensure unopposed invasion of Poland, while Stalin signed it because Hitler promised he would give the Eastern half of Poland to Russia and also to protect the growth of the Soviet military. When Germany invaded Poland, they had a direct front to Russia, and proceded to invade the Soviet Union, breaking the treaty.

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Hitler's Rise to Dictatorship (Election-Enabling Act)

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Hitler's Rise to Dictatorship (Election-Enabling Act)

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After he became Chancellor in January 1933, Hitler transformed his democratic position into dictatorial power. Calling an election and, he got the Reichstag to pass the Enabling Act. Then, he banned Trade Unions and opposition parties and removed even the opposition within the Nazi Party. When the previous leader, Hindenburg, died, Hitler declared himself the new leader.

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Led by General Francisco the countries most influential generals of the Spanish Army rose against the the democratically elected Government and called them selves Nationalist while the Government was called the Loyalist but the fight was not even for the Nationalist revived extensive material aid from Germany and when the fighting was over with General Franco begin his forty-year dictatorship later Hitler sought Frasco's support for his own military campaign. The battle was also considered a training field for battles in WWII

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Rise of Mussolini and Italian Nationalism 

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Rise of Mussolini and Italian Nationalism 

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Mussolini formed the Fascist Part in March of 1919. He got support from many unemployed war veterans. This Fascist Party later became known as the Black Shirts,and they terrorised their political opponents. In 1921, the Black Shirts were invited to join the coalition government. By October 1922, Italy was slipping into political chaos. The Black Shirts and Mussolini marched into Rome and Mussolini was presented as the only man that could restore order in Italy. When Mussolini came to power he gradually dismanteled the democratic government and declared himself dictator of Italy, he titled himself "Il Duce." He wanted to restore Italy as a great European power.

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Hitler was arrested in November of 1923 after he attempted to overthrow Munich authorities in an event known as the Beer Hall Putsch.  While in jail, Hitler’s book Mein Kampf was being written, which was published in 1925.  After he got out of jail in 1924, Hitler found that to be the “prime time” to rebuild the Nazi Party.  The party went from 27,000 members in 1925 to 108,000 members in 1929, consisting mainly of young, middle class men.  In 1928, the Nazi Party did very poorly in the election, having only 2.6% of the total vote and going up to 18.3% in the 1930 election.

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Hitler wanted Czechoslovakia for strategic

importance. Originally, Hitler wanted to take Czechoslovakia by force, but by saying this was his last demand of land, France and Britain were going to just hand it over without any fighting, and Hitler wanted to take it in his own way, so he first instilled political unrest in the region. When they people went to Hitler for help because of the political issues, he offered putting in the German Army. That is how he took over Czechoslovakia.

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Embargo - an official order forbidding something from happening

Prior:

.Japan attacks China (American ali) mercilessly killing over 300,000 Chinese civilians

Aftermath:

Roosevelt executes EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY by outlawing the sale of some American goods to Japan

Congress approves a program to expand military fleet --> build new military ships and planes

Japan sees this as a threat --> Could give America and its allies (China) an edge in the war

Japan Response:

.Joins forces with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (Tripartite Pact)

.Parties come to agreement and approve Japan's goal for an Asian empire

U.S. Response:

.Roosevelt seizes Japanese money and property in the U.S. placing an embargo on exports of oil, steel, and iron to Japan.

*Without oil and metal, Japan couldn't continue in the war with China

WWII Connetions --> PEARL HARBOR

.America didn't anticipate Japanese attack in retalliation

Naval base in pearl Harbor Destroyed

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Enabled by the German-Soviet Pact, Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Adolf sought to regain lost territory and to rule over Poland. But unfortunately, the Poland army had no chance against the unstoppable Germans= and were defeated within weeks of the invasion. Warsaw surrendered to the Germans on the 27th of September.

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The League of Nations was there to prevent another war after WWI. As you can tell they didn't do such a good job, because WWII happened. Everyone was looking up to this so no wars happened since they were scared when first war happened.

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Prior to these laws, the Nazi party was disappointed with Hitler's lackluster efforts of to protect "German blood" and wanted more actual legislation to support their beliefs. To please the Party, Hitler created a series of regulations, for example the prohibition of marriage between Germans and Jews, placed on Jews in September of 1935. They also prevented Jews from becoming citizens. This was one of the beginning steps in the oppression of the Jewish.Over the subsequent years, they continued to become more repressive and violent, eventually leading to the war.

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Japanese invade Manchuria . Japanese turned it into

Manchuko. China appealed to the league of nations and the league of nations

called the league published the Lytton Report which called the Japnese

"aggressive". The current political problems made invading China much more

easier. Any opposition was brutally suppressed. The Japanese recieved economic

sanctions (most importantly oil), this caused the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor

which caused the war to spread to the East.