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Vegitarianism is a cultural movement and is used as a healthy substitution for a omnivorous diet. It has caused a cultural movment in American, as well as the rest of the world. There have been many viewpoints on this topic, and they can all be related

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Eat healthier, prevent animal suffering and fight climate change without the awkwardness of requesting alternative dishes at social events or sacrificing the occasional bacon cheeseburger. (Rinaldi)

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Source B: They go both ways: cheeseburger-loving flexitarians are driving a vegan boom--to the ire of some

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Source B: They go both ways: cheeseburger-loving flexitarians are driving a vegan boom--to the ire of some

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Rinaldi, Luc. "They go both ways: cheeseburger-loving flexitarians are driving a vegan boom--to the ire of some." Maclean's, 27 Apr. 2015, p. 53. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A410901851/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=d7c4f0ae. Accessed 16 Mar. 2017.

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As the vegan/animal rights movement continues to gain momentum, our deplorable and largely unchallenged legacy of treating animals as property, currency, objects and cheap, disposable pieces of meat is coming under greater scrutiny than ever before in our history. (Grillo)

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Our deplorable and largely unchallenged legacy of treating animals as property, currency, objects and cheap, disposable pieces of meat is coming under greater scrutiny than ever before in our history. (Grillo)

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I see it as yet another way to avoid honestly confronting the moral issue of using and killing animals for food in an age when it is not necessary. Some actually sympathize with the position of vegans and vegetarians, yet still default to this argument which explains perhaps why 95% of us continue to blindly follow the cultural norms reinforced in us since childhood. (Grillo)

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In fact, throughout history influential leaders and thinkers have used this same troubled logic to defend slavery, genocide, the oppression of women, racism, and discrimination based on a whole host of irrelevant criteria including sexual orientation, religion, color and now species. (Grillo)

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Source A: Vegetarianism is the Only Moral Diet

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Source A: Vegetarianism is the Only Moral Diet

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Grillo, Robert. "Vegetarianism Is the Only Morally Acceptable Diet." Vegetarianism, edited by Amy Francis, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010705244/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=aae27390. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017. Originally published as "Seven Reasons Why We Have NOT 'Evolved' to Eat Meat," freefromharm.org, 20 Aug. 2012.

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Vegetarian diets are also more sustainable, according to Joan Sabate, MD, DrPh, Chair of Nutrition at Loma Linda University. According to a life cycle assessment applied to the AHS-2 data, Sabate reported that the greenhouse gas emissions for a vegan diet are 41.7 percent lower compared with non-vegetarians; lacto-ovo vegetarians are 27.8 percent lower, pescatarians are 23.8 percent lower, and semivegetarians are almost 20 percent lower. (Palmer)

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•Plant protein. Soy protein and plant protein intake is much greater in vegans than in non-vegetarians.
Saturated fat. Intake is very low in vegans.
•Micronutrients. Beta-carotene and vitamin C intake is much higher in vegans. Vitamin B12 intake in vegans is low, but they often supplement this nutrient. Iron intake is good for vegans through the diet, as they don't typically supplement this nutrient.

•Calcium intake is very low in vegans, but not in lacto-ovo vegetarians.
(Palmer)

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For many health outcomes, a progressively beneficial relationship was observed between the dietary patterns, with vegan providing the best benefit compared with non-vegetarian. (Palmer)

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The definition of a plant-based diet is not rigid; it simply means a diet that focuses on plants. Thus, someone who eats small amounts of animal foods can fit within this definition, as can someone who is a strict vegan and eats no animal foods. What makes AHS-2 unique is that scientists examined the effects of different plant-based diets within the study population. The five diet patterns in AHS-2 were broken down as follows:

1. Vegans who eat no animal products

2. Lacto-ovo vegetarians who eat no meat, but do eat eggs or dairy foods or both

3. Pesco-vegetarians who eat fish, but other meats one or fewer times per month

4. Semi-vegetarians who eat meats aside from fish occasionally, but less than weekly

5. Non-vegetarians who eat meats aside from fish at least one time per week

(Palmer)

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The first Adventist Health Study (AHS-1, 1974-1988) examined risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease among 34,000 people. AHS-2, with 96,000 Adventist participants, was even more ambitious: Beginning in 2002, scientists at Loma Linda University compared the impact of various diet patterns within the same study population, making it one of the most comprehensive diet studies ever conducted. (Palmer)

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Within this group is a wide range of dietary patterns, from strict vegan to non-vegetarian, making this group a researcher's dream—scientists are able to study the effects of dietary patterns without the impact of other factors, such as smoking and alcohol. (Palmer)

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People who eat a plant-based diet live longer, have less cancer and heart disease, weigh less, and have healthier diets. They even have a lower carbon footprint. (Palmer)

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Recent findings indicate that instead of a meat-heavy diet, you're better off focusing on plants—whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds and soy. (Palmer)

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Source E: A Plant-Based Diet Has Impressive Benefits

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Source E: A Plant-Based Diet Has Impressive Benefits

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Palmer, Sharon. "A Plant-Based Diet Has Impressive Benefits." Vegetarianism, edited by Amy Francis, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010705254/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=8214c009. Accessed 20 Mar. 2017. Originally published in Environmental Nutrition Newsletter, Jan. 2014.

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That's something to think about: A delicious, affordable diet that will make you healthier and support the most difficult physical challenges you could ever encounter. Now that's shocking. (Preface)

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When I went vegan, my blood pressure and triglycerides levels dropped to all time lows, and my HDL, or "good" cholesterol shot up to an all-time high. I had virtually no joint inflammation, even after miles of pounding trails and roads, and on the rare occasions I sprained an ankle or fell and whacked my elbow or wrist, the soreness left faster than it ever had before. (Preface)

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Still, when I considered the increased stress to my kidneys, not to mention the chemicals and hormones injected into the country's food supply and the environmental degradation caused by cattle farms, the decision was easier. I even cut out fish when I realized that unless I caught it myself, in a body of water I knew was clean, I was likely going to be getting some hormones and other chemicals along with my salmon. (Preface)

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My first concern was performance. I was an athlete, and I was committed to protein, and what I thought was the fastest way to get it—through eating dead animals. (Preface)

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I learned that the three most common causes of death in our country—heart disease, cancer, and stroke—have all been linked to the standard Western diet, rich in animal products, refined carbohydrates, and processed food. (Preface)

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Source D: Preface to "Is a Vegetarian Diet Beneficial for Health?"

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Source D: Preface to "Is a Vegetarian Diet Beneficial for Health?"

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"Preface to 'Is a Vegetarian Diet Beneficial for Health?'." Vegetarianism, edited by Amy Francis, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010705135/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=4d810011. Accessed 16 Mar. 2017.

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Several factors, says Denby, make a vegan diet for small children more difficult. With a restricted range of foods, if children turn their nose up at one particular food, you could be stuck for choice. "With smaller appetites and portion sizes, children under five have higher nutrient requirements than adults. Therefore, every mealtime has to be an opportunity to feed them high-nutrient-based foods." (Mann)

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There is a significant difference between being vegan (and eating cooked foods) and raw vegan. Vegans benefit from fortified cereals, baked goods and a wider variety of grains and pulses; what's more, cooking aids the absorption of some micronutrients. (Mann)

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Finally, Paige stumbled across the answer in an old vitamin book. Although she has no medical confirmation, she believes the family had symptoms of vitamin D- and protein-deficiency. "I felt like such an idiot. I got the information from a book I'd had sitting around on my shelf for 20 years." (Mann)

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At the time, Paige was feeding them what she thought was the most nutritious diet possible. They had been raw vegans for three years, and ate plenty of fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grains, soya and pulses, but no meat, fish or dairy. According to the raw-food doctrine, Lizzie and Bertie, then three and four-and-a-half, should have been brimming with good health. But Paige's mothering instinct was on the alert. (Mann)

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One morning over breakfast, Holly Paige looked at her daughter and realised things weren't right. Lizzie should have been flourishing. Instead, her cheeks were pinched, she was small for her age, and although she had skinny arms and legs, her belly was big and swollen. When Lizzie smiled, Paige suddenly noticed her upper front teeth were pitted with holes. (Mann)

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Source C: A Vegan Diet Can Cause Malnourishment, Especially in Children

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Source C: A Vegan Diet Can Cause Malnourishment, Especially in Children

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Mann, Natasha. "A Vegan Diet Can Cause Malnourishment, Especially in Children." Vegetarianism, edited by Debra A. Miller, Greenhaven Press, 2010. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010705210/OVIC?u=pl2020&xid=cfba87bf. Accessed 16 Mar. 2017. Originally published as "How Our Vegan Diet Made Us Ill," Independent, 17 June 2008.

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The 540 comments on Liddon's post about her newborn's diet, for example, are a bitter back-and-forth about the "hijacking" of veganism. "You're an omnivore," reads a response to a self-described "mostly vegan" commenter. "Done. Simple as that. Stop giving yourself an unearned title." (Rinaldi)

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"People love to dive into the controversy," Burton explains. "For some people, vegan is a very defined term and you have to respect what it has meant for so long ... It's more than just diet." (Rinaldi)

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Despite their plant-positive influence, flexitarians are finding themselves in the heat of a battle for moral superiority, under fire from both carnivores and vegans. (Rinaldi)

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According to research firm Mintel, vegetarian products accounted for 12 per cent of new foods worldwide in 2013, up from six per cent in 2009. In the U.S., avocado sales have quadrupled since 2000 and kale production shot up nearly 60 per cent between 2007 and 2012. (Rinaldi)

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It's hard to say how many people are flexitarian, but with such a low bar for entry--and an endless list of diets such as Meatless Mondays, Vegan Before 6 and Part-Time Carnivore--the figure likely exceeds the four per cent of Canadians who are vegetarian or vegan. (Rinaldi)