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The NRA, which was part of the New Deal, was meant in ways to help all people attain jobs and be able to support themselves or their families. This source states how this statement did not occur. In order for Roosevelt to gain the support he needed from not only Northern, but also Southern people, he had to continue to show some divide between races. He had to favor Democrats of the South in order to have the large support to achieve the changes he wanted to make. Since his mindset was such, he set the tone for the country in a way. African Americans were still discriminated against for jobs unless they were the lowest jobs, usually in farming or agriculture. Whites had priority over African Americans for jobs. This source also brings up how the NRA allowed separate and lower pay for African Americans. This shows how wrong the NRA was. It was suppose to be a program to help unemployed people, and yet backfired when it came to race. This set a tone for African Americans that they could get paid less to do the same job as white men.

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Printable Version Until the New Deal, blacks had shown their traditional loyalty to the party of Abraham Lincoln by voting overwhelmingly Republican. By the end of Roosevelt's first administration, however, one of the most dramatic voter shifts in American history had occurred. In 1936, some 75 percent of black voters supported the Democrats. Blacks turned to Roosevelt, in part, because his spending programs gave them a measure of relief from the Depression and, in part, because the GOP had done little to repay their earlier support.

Still, Roosevelt's record on civil rights was modest at best. Instead of using New Deal programs to promote civil rights, the administration consistently bowed to discrimination. In order to pass major New Deal legislation, Roosevelt needed the support of southern Democrats. Time and time again, he backed away from equal rights to avoid antagonizing southern whites; although, his wife, Eleanor, did take a public stand in support of civil rights.

Most New Deal programs discriminated against blacks. The NRA, for example, not only offered whites the first crack at jobs, but authorized separate and lower pay scales for blacks. The Federal Housing Authority (FHA) refused to guarantee mortgages for blacks who tried to buy in white neighborhoods, and the CCC maintained segregated camps. Furthermore, the Social Security Act excluded those job categories blacks traditionally filled.

The story in agriculture was particularly grim. Since 40 percent of all black workers made their living as sharecroppers and tenant farmers, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) acreage reduction hit blacks hard. White landlords could make more money by leaving land untilled than by putting land back into production. As a result, the AAA's policies forced more than 100,000 blacks off the land in 1933 and 1934. Even more galling to black leaders, the president failed to support an anti-lynching bill and a bill to abolish the poll tax. Roosevelt feared that conservative southern Democrats, who had seniority in Congress and controlled many committee chairmanships, would block his bills if he tried to fight them on the race question.

Yet, the New Deal did record a few gains in civil rights. Roosevelt named Mary McLeod Bethune, a black educator, to the advisory committee of the National Youth Administration (NYA). Thanks to her efforts, blacks received a fair share of NYA funds. The WPA was colorblind, and blacks in northern cities benefited from its work relief programs. Harold Ickes, a strong supporter of civil rights who had several blacks on his staff, poured federal funds into black schools and hospitals in the South. Most blacks appointed to New Deal posts, however, served in token positions as advisors on black affairs. At best, they achieved a new visibility in government.

Copyright 2019 Digital History

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Printable Version Until the New Deal, blacks had shown their traditional loyalty to the party of Abraham Lincoln by voting overwhelmingly Republican. By the end of Roosevelt's first administration, however, one of the most dramatic voter shifts in American history had occurred. In 1936, some 75 percent of black voters supported the Democrats.

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A white man that was raised in the south and moved to the north talks about how it is different in both places and talks about what is like to be an African American that lives there and white person that lives there. He quickly goes into detail about how all investigators say that African Americans has to pay higher rents than the white people and get poorer houses as well. He also goes onto say that in the north, African Americans will make 15 dollars a week and think that they need to spend all 15 to able to live, and in the south that if you make 15 dollars a week that they will only spend 8 dollars to live and have some left over. That in the south if a white man gives a man with color money then they know that will never give it back.

“What we get here we have to pay for, and if we don’t have any money we don’t get anything. Nobody gives us anything and nobody will trust us.” The people in the south are starting to think that the white people are getting hand outs and it is not fair for them. This goes perfectly with the article that we found. Even the African Americans are starting to get jobs it still much harder for them to get by and live because of their skin color. Something needs to be different, something needs to change and the plans that NRA have come up with just aren’t getting the job done. They are making promises that aren’t sticking to and for recovery program they continue to do more harm than good.

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The Changing Race Relationship in the Border and Northern States

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The NRA, National Recovery Act, a part of the New Deal that the African American people thought would have been a savior for them actually ended up making them suffer more than helping them benefit from it. They had the same effects from other “recovery” programs that were created to help them as well. In 1930, 32.9 percent of African American people were farm tenants and farm workers, 25.2 percent were domestics, and 18.4 percent were in common labor. That was an all-time high. After they put the recovery programs into play the next three years would not have the same results.

African Americans were finally starting to make the money that they deserved for the amount of hours that they were working. The NRA wanted to better their wage scales, however the effect of that was many African Americans started to lose their jobs to white people. It was harder for employers to hire new people because they were so heavily influenced to hire only white people and to not focus so much on people of color. Once that started up again, African Americans were only likely to get jobs if they could get them to do something that required more hours and less money. It is hard to imagine that in the beginning of this people were finding jobs and getting paid and the more you read these so called recovery programs basically pull Africans Americans out of the work system and force back to where they were in the very beginning.

Although Ralph N. Davis of Tuskegee institute says that in large industries, “Negro leaders, indicated that they felt that there was no discrimination in the application of the code to Negro labor.” With that being said few of the larger industries still displaced African Americans in the work field but some were still hiring African Americans at high rate. Even when people claim that there isn’t any discrimination in the scale set by the NRA they are still losing jobs the people just because of their skin color.

The NRA, PWA, and the CWA were trying to produce results that every student that is African American and is a student is welcomed into the working class, without any surprise this process is not going as planned. The whole future of the African American population is based around the attempt to regulate and plan industry. Although things are starting to look up with government finally trying to help the all-around health of the Africans Americans that were in the lowest parts of society it is still not where it needs to be. They are still being handed the unskilled, less paying jobs while the white people are getting the opposite.  That gave the hard working AA’s to face hardship again and made it harder for them to do what they need to do in their everyday lives. In order for the people to see chance in this they need to be “welcome to the new deal and the clear intention of the administration to apply these theories without reference to race.” Meaning for there to be real changes whoever in support cannot “beat around the bush” anymore. It’s time to look past color and do what is right.