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Women's rights were very limited in the 1800s. They did not have the right to vote, and were treated like second class citizens. Women were not encouraged to have a real education or even a professional career. After marriage, women did not have the right to own their own property, keep their own wages, or sign a contract. However, at the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, people were inspired to fight for women's rights. The Declaration of Sentiments was created there. It demanded equal social status and rights for women.
Abolition was a big reform movement in the 1800s. Some strategies abolitionists used to try to end slavery were speak out against slavery and write to Congress. Some leaders of the abolitionist movement were Fredrick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and David Walker.
The goal of the Temperance movement was to ban alcohol.
Dorothea Dix helped improve the prison systems in the U.S. Dix visited every public and private facility she could access, documenting the conditions she found. She then presented her findings to the legislature of Massachusetts, demanding that officials take action and change the systems. Horace Mann fixed the school systems by making school year round and providing teachers with better training. Below is a picture  of women protesting for their rights.

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Manifest Destiny was the belief that it was an American's God-given right to expand the country. During Westward Expansion we got Texas, the Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession, and the Gadsen Purchase. They were all acquired by signing a treaty. One reason why settlers moved west was because of their religion. For example, the Mormons were persecuted against because of what they believed in, so they moved west. Another reason was the gold rush. Many people believed there was gold in places like California, so they moved west in hopes of striking it rich. The last reason was they wanted to have a better life and believed that by doing so they would have to move west. Below is a picture of Mormons moving west.

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Sadly, slavery was a big issue in the U.S. Slaves were treated very badly, and were forced to work on plantations. They typically lived in a plantation home if they worked on a large farm.
Nat Turner's Rebellion was a slave rebellion led by Nat Turner. It took place in Southampton County, Virginia. The rebel slaves killed from 55 to 65 people, the highest number of deaths caused by any slave uprising in the Southern United States.
The Underground Railroad was a system of secret routes and safe houses to help slaves escape to freedom. Slaves would use the Underground Railroad to escape to Canada, because slavery was illegal there. Below is a picture of slaves using the Underground Railroad.

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Sectionalism can be defined as "an exaggerated devotion to the interests of a region." This basically means one side of a region being favored more than the other.
One major difference between the North and the South was the issue of slavery. The South believed slavery should be allowed, but the North didn't. Another difference was geographical differences. The South was typically hotter than the North, and they had plantations. Below is a picture of a map of the North and the South, explaining which states where free states and which were slave states.

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The Industrial Revolution took place in the 18th and 19th century. It was a transition to new manufacturing processes. Some inventions that came out of it were the cotton gin, textile mill, power loom and the steam engine. The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney and easily separated cotton fibers from their seeds. A textile mill was factory where textiles, or a type of cloth were made into clothes. The power loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright, and was a loom powered by a line shaft. The steam engine was a heat engine that uses steam as its working fluid as it performs mechanical work. One positive effect of the Industrial Revolution was it boosted the economy. One negative effect was there was now child labor. Below is a picture of the cotton gin, which had a huge impact on the Industrial Revolution.