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Gold is usually alloyed in jewellery to give it more strength, and the term carat describes the amount of gold present

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Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures.

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t is very resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air.

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t is bluish white and has a metallic lustre. It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of white fumes.

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It tarnishes in air, and when heated rapidly oxidises to arsenous oxide which has a garlic odour.

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Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the sun, and it plays a part in the carbon-nitrogen cycle, one process responsible for stellar energy production.

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Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements

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Helium is one of the so-called noble gases. Helium gas is an unreactive, colourless, and odourless monoatomic gas.

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Neon is a very inert element. Neon forms an unstable hydrate.

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It makes a good atmosphere for working with air-sensitive materials since it is heavier than air and less reactive than N₂.

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It is characterised by its brilliant green and orange spectral lines.

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Xenon is a "noble" or "inert" gas present in the atmosphere to a small extent.

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Francium is found in uranium minerals, and can be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons.

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It is the most electropositive and most alkaline element.

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It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a major health problem.

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Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust and makes up more than 3% of the crust.

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Rubidium can be liquid at ambient temperature, but only on a hot day given that its melting point is about 40°C.

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It is one of the most reactive and electropositive of metals and, apart from lithium, it is the least dense known metal

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Magnesium is an important element for plant and animal life.

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The importance of common salt to animal nutrition has been recognized since prehistoric times.

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Zinc is not particularly toxic and is an essential element in the growth of all animals and plants.

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It is useful for making low-melting alloys. An alloy of 24% indium and 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature.

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Ultra-pure gallium has a beautiful, silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits a conchoidal fracture similar to glass

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It is a very important semiconductor material.

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It is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm.

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When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly with magnesium, lithium, or calcium.

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Silicon is important in plant and animal life.

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It is a component of rocks as carbonates of calcium, magnesium, and iron.

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Crystalline boron is inert chemically and is resistant to attack by boiling HF or HCl.

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Pure aluminium is a silvery-white metal with many desirable characteristics.

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It is a minor component of nearly all igneous rocks and is a component of many natural brines.