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DNA is a dynamic and adaptable molecule. As such, the nucleotide sequences found within it are subject to change as the result of a phenomenon called mutation. Depending on how a particular mutation modifies an organism's genetic makeup, it can prove harmless, helpful, or even hurtful. Sometimes, a mutation may even cause dramatic changes in the physiology of an affected organism.

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Developing from embryos to adults, animals go through stages resembling or representing successive stages in the evolution of their remote ancestors.

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Much like the homologous structures, the organs adapted too. Lungs for example, had taken many forms for an amphibian.

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The mass extinction events caused a lot of species of organisms to adapt to the conditions. Example, amphibians that lived in water and land, had to adapt over the millions of years to live on land. Instead of fins or webbed feet, they grew such bone structures that were similar to feet.

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Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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Evolution over time can follow several different patterns. Factors such as environment and predation pressures can have different effects on the ways in which species exposed to them evolve.

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Natural selection pretty much stayed the same following the mass extinction events. Predator consuming prey.

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-Migration / Gene Flow
The population migrations, also changed as the environment changed.

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-Selection and Genetic Drift
The combination of different species throughout the mass extinctions changed do to sea level change, oxygen level change, etc.

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-DNA and sexual selection
Though throughout the millions of years of continuous re-inhabitants in different species, life still managed to adapt to the conditions.

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-Mutation
No mutations really happened during these events, just adaptations for other life.

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The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction - also known as the K/T extinction - is famed for the death of the dinosaurs.
Flood basalt eruptions affecting the world's climate, combined with drastic falls in sea level. Then a huge asteroid or comet struck the seabed near the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. This happened 65 million years ago

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-Two or three phases of extinction whose combined effects created the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event. Climate change, flood basalt eruptions and an asteroid impact have all been blamed for this loss of life. This happened 200 million years ago.

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-Asteroid impact, flood basalt eruptions, catastrophic methane release, a drop in oxygen levels, sea level fluctuations are to blame for this event. This happened 248 million years ago.

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-Changes in sea level, asteroid impacts, climate changes, and new kinds of plants messing with the soil are all to blame for the mass extinction. It happened about 359 million years ago.

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-An ice age is (theoretically) mainly to blame for the mass extinction. It happened about 443 million years ago.

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Variation
-Mutation
Inheritance
-DNA and sexual selection
Selection
-Selection and Genetic Drift
Time
-Migration / Gene Flow