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Eventually link finds the perfect job but then something mysterious happens

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People can pee on you.

The climate is horrible

There are many diseases
Wounds

Missing home

Diseases

Unconfortable floor

Smelling bad

No food

Can get robbed

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Robert Swindells Interview Robert Swindells, author of Room 13, Timesnatch and Stone Cold, answered these questions in 2005.            What was your favourite book when you were a child?                              They Found a Cave by Nan Chauncy - published in the 1940s, still in print. Set in Tasmania.                                                                                              Which of your books was the most difficult to write? Why?                         Brother in the Land because of the harrowing nature of the subject: nuclear war and its aftermath.                                                                          How do you write your books? Do you plot and plan in detail, or do you develop an idea as you are writing?                                                                      I plot in advance, though ideas do pop up and cause me to change things as I go along.                                                                                                                Why do you enjoy writing for children?                                                             Children have open, repetive minds. They like a pacy, exciting storyline. Getting youngsters hooked on reading is one of the most worthwhile things anybody can do.                                                                                           What advice would you give to young writers to help them improve their stories?                                                                                                                    Read, read, read. That's the first thing. Try not to copy other writers' ideas. Set your stories in places you know. Let your characters be the sort of people you know. Remember: Exciting stuff can happen anywhere, to anyone. Ordinary people in ordinary places, having extraordinary experiences. Stephen King calls this 'making skyhooks out of old coathangers'. He seems to be doing all right!

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Robert Swindells Interview Robert Swindells, author of Room 13, Timesnatch and Stone Cold, answered these questions in 2005.            What was your favourite book when you were a child?                              They Found a Cave by Nan Chauncy - published in the 1940s, still in print. Set in Tasmania.                                                                                              Which of your books was the most difficult to write? Why?                         Brother in the Land because of the harrowing nature of the subject: nuclear war and its aftermath.                                                                          How do you write your books? Do you plot and plan in detail, or do you develop an idea as you are writing?                                                                      I plot in advance, though ideas do pop up and cause me to change things as I go along.                                                                                                                Why do you enjoy writing for children?                                                             Children have open, repetive minds. They like a pacy, exciting storyline. Getting youngsters hooked on reading is one of the most worthwhile things anybody can do.                                                                                           What advice would you give to young writers to help them improve their stories?                                                                                                                    Read, read, read. That's the first thing. Try not to copy other writers' ideas. Set your stories in places you know. Let your characters be the sort of people you know. Remember: Exciting stuff can happen anywhere, to anyone. Ordinary people in ordinary places, having extraordinary experiences. Stephen King calls this 'making skyhooks out of old coathangers'. He seems to be doing all right!

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audiobook

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Carnegie medal 1993

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Carole is Link's sister

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Mystery

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WorldCat participating libraries report holding Danish, German, Catalan, Slovenian, and Korean-language editions

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WorldCat participating libraries report holding Danish, German, Catalan, Slovenian, and Korean-language editions

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Carnegie Medal price won

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book

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In 1997, the novel was adapted for a television series of the same title

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Homeless on the streets of London, 16 year old Link feels he has become an invisible outcast

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Homeless on the streets of London, 16 year old Link feels he has become an invisible outcast

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Has 22 books or works.

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Smoking: Several people smoke, including Link, in an effort to curb their hunger. Since the book is British, the word fag is often used for the word cigarette.

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Smoking: Several people smoke, including Link, in an effort to curb their hunger. Since the book is British, the word fag is often used for the word cigarette.

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ep. 2

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In 1997, the novel was adapted for a television series of the same title, starring James Gaddas, Peter Howitt and Elizabeth Rider, produced by Andy Rowley which was nominated for a Best Children's Drama Award at BAFTA. The short series was shown on Scene BBC Two. It can also be viewed on YouTube.

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In 1997, the novel was adapted for a television series of the same title, starring James Gaddas, Peter Howitt and Elizabeth Rider, produced by Andy Rowley which was nominated for a Best Children's Drama Award at BAFTA. The short series was shown on Scene BBC Two. It can also be viewed on YouTube.

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 Alcohol:                 Vince is frequently drunk, which sometimes causes him to threaten or abuse others. At Christmas dinner, everyone but Link drinks. Vince gets drunk and rambles about Link's laziness, how he's taking his sister's money and how he's spoiling everyone's Christmas.

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 Alcohol:                 Vince is frequently drunk, which sometimes causes him to threaten or abuse others. At Christmas dinner, everyone but Link drinks. Vince gets drunk and rambles about Link's laziness, how he's taking his sister's money and how he's spoiling everyone's Christmas.

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When his mum's boyfriend kicks him out of the house, this teenager, under the age of 18, takes the name Link and begins a life of homelessness on the streets of London. Link desperately tries to find work, but nothing is available. Before long, his clothes are too ratty and his scent too foul for him to go on interviews. He seeks help from a social services agency, but they refuse aid, claiming he made himself homeless.

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ep. 1 part 2 of 3

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Swindells won the annual Carnegie Medal recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject

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Swindells has won several annual book awards.1985 Red House Children's Book Award, Brother in the Land1990 Red House Award, Room 13 1993 Carnegie Medal, Stone Cold1998 Red House Award for Short Novel, Nightmare Stairs1998 Angus Book Award, Unbeliever2003 Red House Award for Younger Readers, Blitzed

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Swindells has won several annual book awards.1985 Red House Children's Book Award, Brother in the Land1990 Red House Award, Room 13 1993 Carnegie Medal, Stone Cold1998 Red House Award for Short Novel, Nightmare Stairs1998 Angus Book Award, Unbeliever2003 Red House Award for Younger Readers, Blitzed

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Shelter the killer- is a man that won’t let his past go. He was a soldier therefore he believes it’s his mission to tidy up the streets by killing all the homeless people to make his own little army.
It makes you think how life must be on the street and how selfish we can be some times.
The book gave me an image of what it’s like to be homeless and I now understand that homeless people are not all a nuisance. Therefore I rate it 5/5 it was interesting and it kept me in suspense.
The ending shows that it’s not easy to pick your life back up off the street if you are homeless.

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Stone cold is written by Robert Swindells. It’s a thriller / mystery

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Stone Cold by Robert Swindells - review

Kids are disappearing, but no one cares...

Linda Kornberg Krogh
Saturday 26 March, 2011

Robert Swindells is known for writing thought-provoking novels about contemporary society and Stone Cold, published in 1993, is certainly one of them. It was awarded the Carnegie Medal and Sheffield Children's Book Award in 1994 and it was adapted for the screen by the BBC in 1997.

One of the main characters in the novel is Link. When he was fourteen years old his father ran off with a receptionist. Link's life became a mess but he stuck it out in school and managed to finish with five GCSEs. His mother has by then met Vince whom accuses Link of living on his money since Link is unable to find work. Finally, Link cannot stand anymore of Vince's verbal abuse and therefore decides to try his luck in London instead. However, he runs out of money and ends up on the streets where he befriends Ginger, who teaches him about the life of a homeless person. What the two of them are not aware of though, is that there is serial killer on the loose in London and his target is homeless people, Link and Ginger included. Unfortunately, no one seems to care when homeless teenagers start disappearing and one day Ginger does not turn up at their agreed meeting point.

The story of this novel is also written from the viewpoint of another character who calls himself Shelter. He has been discharged from the army where he used to turn young men into proper soldiers and his belief is that there is a plot of undermining the country by filling it with homeless people, alcoholics and drug addicts and that it is his duty to clean up the streets.

Throughout the novel we follow Link and Shelter in alternating chapters and both stories are told in first person. In the chapters about Link we follow his struggle to survive and he is made likeable by being a victim and by the way his story is told with a colloquial language and he often turns to the reader, for example when describing in detail how it feels trying to go to sleep on a hard concrete floor when your feet are as cold as ice. The language in the chapters where we follow Shelter is different and you get a military feeling with short sentences and harsh words and these chapters are also a lot shorter. We follow Shelter from where he meticulously plans how to lure the homeless youngsters to his home until he is a full-fledged serial killer. Shelter also turns to the reader, but this does not have the same effect as with Link's story since the reader quite early understands that his plans are to murder young people. Shelter himself does not quite seem to understand why he was discharged from the army but to the reader this soon becomes quite clear.

This novel is a very realistic novel about teenage problems, but as many other novels it has a touch of adventure in that Link tries to find out what has happened to Ginger and for a moment he goes from being a nobody to being a hero even though it is just for a short while. There is also a touch of family story in the beginning when the reader is told about the abusive situation in Link's family and the fact that his own mother does not stand up for him. But most of all it is a teenage problem novel with a tale of what could happen to you if leave your home without having anywhere to live and no money and that running away does not solve the problem. But it is also a story of what can happen if parents choose to ignore the way their children are treated. Furthermore, my opinion is that Swindells' main reason for writing this novel is to give a very realistic picture of the lives of the homeless people. The people that most of us tend to choose not to see when we pass them in the streets, believing that it is probably their own fault that they are living like that.

The topic of teenagers living in an abusive home is not a new one. Neither is teenagers on the run and living on the streets. Teenage problem novels have been written in thousands and it is a sub-genre of young adult literature. They can also be said to belong to the genre of moral and instructive tales. The early novels in this genre were written mostly to teach children how to behave in a mature way, whereas during the late twentieth century they came to have a much more social and political point of view and Stone Cold is certainly a part of this tradition. Examples of earlier texts in this sub-genre are The Catcher in the Rye (1951), The Outsiders (1967), Go Ask Alice (1971), Forever (1975) and Dear Nobody (1991) who all deal with problems faced by teenagers such as drugs, confusion, rebellion, sex, pregnancy and friendships.

Swindells' describes very well how easily a young person can end up being an outcast in society without actually having done anything wrong, which I also think is the message of this book. It gives you another view of homeless people and you understand that there might be other reasons than alcoholism and drug addiction that causes young people to end up in the streets, that there are children who would rather live like that than go back to the abusive homes they came from and this causes me as a reader to view upon homelessness with different eyes.

The ending of this novel is very open and free to interpret the way the reader wishes and this is perhaps a negative point since I would have wished for a happier ending. Furthermore, it does not quite match the excitement that has been built up in the rest of novel, but feels rather flat in comparison, almost like Swindells got bored with the story. Nonetheless, I think this is a thought-provoking novel with an enthralling plot which is well worth reading.

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Stone Cold by Robert Swindells - review Kids are disappearing, but no one cares... Linda Kornberg Krogh Saturday 26 March, 2011 Robert Swindells is known for writing thought-provoking novels about contemporary society and Stone Cold, published in 1993, is certainly one of them.

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Shelter:                                                                                

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Shelter:                                                                                

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Twenty nine years service.                                              Military veteran.                                                                          They chucked him out due to medical grounds.            He is forty-seven, fit like a butcher´s dog.                              He is trying to clean the streets from homeless people.      He bought a cat called Sappho.                                            He offered the homeless tomato soup and a warm bed, but then he killed them and keeps the bodies under the floor of his apartment.He thinks they are a problem for society.
That if he was in the army he would have a better live.
The fact that he say that the militars force him to retire after 29 years of service.
The medical problems of shelter can easily be metal problems, but he thinks they discharge him because they are corrupts and he was honest.
He would treast his reclates really bad and and he would always be disapointed because nobody is like him.

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This book is about a teenage boy named Link, who leaves home because of his mum's boyfriend who drinks and abuses him and his sister. Link leaves home with nothing but a back pack. After a week or so, he meets a friend named ginger. Ginger teaches him about living life on the streets. But there is a killer on loose, finding homeless people.. to KILL! The book is read by two different chracters, Link and Shelter(the killer).

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In 1997, the novel was adapted for a television series

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In 1997, the novel was adapted for a television series

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Robert Swindells worked for a newspaper after leaving school aged 15

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Robert Swindells worked for a newspaper after leaving school aged 15

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Young adult fiction ( YA) is fiction written for readers from 12 to 18 years of age. The term YA was first used regularly in the 1960s in the United States. The YA category includes most of the genres found in adult fiction, with themes that include friendship, sexuality, drugs and alcohol, and sexual and gender identity. Stories that focus on the challenges of youth may be categorized as problem novels or coming-of-age novels. The boundary between children's and adult literature is flexible, subject to moral and political ideology, and in some cases meaningless.

The designation of young adult fiction was originally developed by librarians to help teenagers make the transition between children's and adult literature, following the recognition, around World War II, of teenagers as a distinct group of young people. While the genre is targeted at adolescents, a 2012 study found that 55% of YA purchases were made by adults.

Author and academic Michael Cart states that the term young adult fiction "first found common usage in the late 1960's, in reference to realistic fiction that was set in the real (as opposed to imagined), contemporary world and addressed problems, issues, and life circumstances of interest to young readers aged approximately 12-18". However, "The term 'young adult literature' is inherently amorphous, for its constituent terms "young adult" and "literature" are dynamic, changing as culture and society - which provide their context - change", and "even those who study and teach it have not reached a consensus on a definition".

Victor Malo-Juvera, Crag Hill, in "The Young Adult Canon : A Literary Solar System" note that in 2019 there was no consensus on a definition of young adult literature and list a number of definitions, including:

Books that readers aged 12 to 20 chose independently

Literature written for young people aged 11 to 18 and books marked as "young adult" by a publisher

Literature including a teenager who is the main character and, as the center of the plot, engages in problems related to and relatable to the lives of teenagers

Novels told by "a teen protagonist speaking from an adolescent point of view, with all the limitations of understanding that implies"

Librarians first defined this new category of fiction, in particular librarians from the New York Public Library. The NYPL's first annual Books for Young People list was sent in 1929 to schools and libraries across the country. Then "In 1944 [...] NYPL librarian Margaret Scoggin changed the name of her library journal column from 'Books for Older Boys and Girls' to 'Books for Young Adults', and the genre was christened with a name that has lasted to this day". Initially the YA genre "tended to feature the same" boy and girl love story. But in the 1960s the novels developed to more fully examining the lives of adolescents. Particularly noteworthy was S.E. Hinton's "The Outsiders.".

Title page from Sarah Trimmer's The Guardian of Education, vol. I, 1802

French historian Philippe Ariès argues, in his 1962 book Centuries of Childhood, that the modern concept of childhood only emerged in recent times. He explains that children were in the past not considered as greatly different from adults and were not given significantly different treatment. Furthermore, "Teenagers weren't a designated demographic in most respects until around World War II, due in part to advances in psychology and sociological changes, like the abolishment of child labor". With this development came the marketing of "clothes, music, films, radio programs, and ... the novel" for young adults.

All the same Sarah Trimmer in 1802 recognized young adults as a distinct age group describing "young adulthood" as lasting from ages 14 to 21. In her children's literature periodical, The Guardian of Education, Trimmer introduced the terms "Books for Children" (for those under fourteen) and "Books for Young Persons" (for those between fourteen and twenty-one), establishing terms of reference for young adult literature that still remain in use.

"At the beginning of the eighteenth century", according to M O Grenby:

very few ... enjoyable books for children ... existed. Children read, certainly, but the books that they probably enjoyed reading (or hearing) most, were not designed especially for them. Fables were available, and fairy stories, lengthy chivalric romances, and short, affordable pamphlet tales and ballads called chapbooks, but these were published for children and adults alike. Take Nathaniel Crouch's Winter-Evenings Entertainments (1687). It contains riddles, pictures, and 'pleasant and delightful relations of many rare and notable accidents and occurrences' which has suggested to some that it should be thought of as an early children's book. However, its title-page insists that it is "excellently accommodated to the fancies of old or young".

A number of works by eighteenth and nineteenth-century authors, though not written specifically for young readers, have appealed to them. Novels by Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Jane Austen, Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll, Robert Louis Stevenson, Mark Twain, Francis Hodgson Burnett, and Edith Nesbit.

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, published in 1865 and one of the best-known works of Victorian literature, has had widespread influence on popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre. It is credited as helping end an era of didacticism in children's literature, inaugurating an era in which writing for children aimed to "delight or entertain". The tale has had a lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. A shortened version for young children, The Nursery "Alice" was published in 1890. It was inspired when, on 4 July 1862, Lewis Carroll and Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat with the three young daughters of scholar Henry Liddell: Lorina (aged 13); Alice (aged 10); and Edith Mary (aged 8). During the trip Carroll told the girls a story that he described in his diary as "Alice's Adventures Under Ground" and which his journal says he "undertook to write out for Alice". She finally got the manuscript more than two years later.

A number of novels by Robert Louis Stevenson were first published in serial form, in a weekly children's literary magazine Young Folks, including Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and The Black Arrow. This magazine was for boys and girls of an older age than many of its contemporaries.

Mark Twain's is described by publisher Simon & Schuster as "The classic tale of a young boy's adventures on the Mississippi in the nineteenth century". The same description can be applied to its sequel, Huckleberry Finn. Huck is 12 or 13.

According to journalist Erin Blakemore, "Though young adult literature had existed since at least Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House series, which was published in the 1930s, teachers and librarians were slow to accept books for adolescents as a genre".

In 1942, Seventeenth Summer - called by some the first young adult novel - by 17 years old Maureen Daly, was published. Its themes were especially relevant to teenagers, underaged drinking, driving, dating, and angst. Another early example is the Heinlein juveniles, which were science fiction novels written by Robert A. Heinlein for Scribner's young-adult line, beginning with Rocket Ship Galileo in 1947. Scribner's published eleven more between 1947 and 1958, but the thirteenth, Starship Troopers, was instead published by Putnam. The intended market was teenaged boys. A fourteenth novel, Podkayne of Mars (1963), featured a teenaged girl as the protagonist.

In the 1950s, The Catcher in the Rye (1951) attracted the attention of the adolescent readers although it was written for adults. The themes of adolescent angst and alienation in the novel have become synonymous with young adult literature.

(1937) and Lord of the Rings (1954-5) by J. R. R. Tolkien are highly successful fantasy novels, which are read to young children and read by both children and adults They are found in the teen or young adult section of American public and school libraries. However, Lord of the Rings is generally not on the curriculum of high schools. This is because the paperback version can run to almost 1200 pages and the vocabulary is difficult.

A Wrinkle in Time, written by Madeleine L'Engle in 1960, received over twenty-six rejections before publication in 1962, because it was, in L'Engle's words, "too different," and "because it deals overtly with the problem of evil, and it was really difficult for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"

In 1957 the Young Adult Library Services Association - initially called the Young Adult Services Division following a reorganization of the American Library Association - had been created. YALSA evaluates and selects materials for young adults, with the most active YASLA committee being the book selection committee.

Michael Cart argues that the 1960s was the decade when literature for adolescents "could be said to have come into its own". A significant early example of young adult fiction was S. E. Hinton's The Outsiders (1967). The novel features a truer, darker side of adolescent life that was not often represented in works of fiction of the time. Written during high school and written when Hinton was only 16, The Outsiders also lacked the nostalgic tone common in books about adolescents written by adults. The Outsiders remains one of the best-selling young adult novels of all time. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, five other very popular books were published: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), an autobiography of the early years of American poet Maya Angelou; The Friends (1973) by Rosa Guy; the semi-autobiographical The Bell Jar (US 1963, under a pseudonym; UK 1967) by poet Sylvia Plath; Bless the Beasts and Children (1970) by Glendon Swarthout; and Deathwatch (1972) by Robb White, which was awarded 1973 Edgar Award for Best Juvenile Mystery by the Mystery Writers of America. The works of Angelou and Plath were published as adult works but The Bell Jar deals with a nineteen year old's "teenage angst," and Angelou's autobiography is one of the ten books most frequently banned from high school and junior high school libraries and classrooms.

Authors Philip Pullman and Neil Gaiman have both argued for the importance of British fantasy writer Alan Garner. According to Pullman Garner "is indisputably the great originator, the most important British writer of fantasy since Tolkien, and in many respects better than Tolkien". Similarly Ursula le Guin in a review praising Garner's novel , argues that "Some of the most interesting English novels of recent years have been published as children's books". Although Garner's early work is often labelled "children's literature", Garner himself rejects such a description. Critic Neil Philip, commenting on Garner's early novels, notes that "It may be that Garner's is a case" where the division between children's and adults' literature is "meaningless".

Judy Blume author of Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. (1970), has significantly contributed to children's and young adult literature. She was one of the first young adult authors to write novels focused on such controversial topics as masturbation, menstruation, teen sex, birth control, and death.

Ursula le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea, published in 1968, had a significant influence on YA fantasy fiction. It won or contributed to several notable awards for le Guin, including the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award in 1969, and was one of the last winners of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award. With regard to the Earthsea series Barbara Bucknal stated that "Le Guin was not writing for young children when she wrote these fantasies, nor yet for adults. She was writing for 'older kids'. But in fact she can be read, like Tolkien, by ten-year-olds and by adults. Margaret Atwood said that ... A Wizard of Earthsea ... since it dealt with themes such as "life and mortality and who are we as human beings", it could be read and enjoyed by anybody older than twelve. Reviewers have commented that the basic premise of A Wizard of Earthsea, that of a talented boy going to a wizard's school and making an enemy with whom he has a close connection, is also the premise of Harry Potter.

As publishers began to focus on the emerging adolescent market, more booksellers and libraries began creating young adult sections distinct from children's literature and novels written for adults.[citation needed ] The 1970s to the mid-1980s have been described as the golden age of young-adult fiction, when challenging novels began speaking directly to the interests of the identified adolescent market.

In the 1980s, young adult literature began pushing the envelope in terms of the subject matter that was considered appropriate for their audience: Books dealing with topics such as rape, suicide, parental death, and murder which had previously been deemed taboo, saw significant critical and commercial success. A flip-side of this trend was a strong revived interest in the romance novel, including young adult romance. With an increase in number of adolescents, the genre "matured, blossomed, and came into its own, with the better written, more serious, and more varied young adult books (than those) published during the last two decades".

The first novel in J.K. Rowling's seven-book Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was published in 1997. Originally marketed in the UK under the broad category of children's literature, the books received attention and praise for their increasingly mature and sophisticated nature, eventually garnering a significant audience of adult readers. This phenomenon led many to see Harry Potter and J.K. Rowling as responsible for a resurgence of young adult literature. It also established a pre-eminent role for speculative fiction in the field, a trend further solidified by The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins. The end of the decade saw a number of awards appear such as the Michael L. Printz Award and Alex Awards, designed to recognize excellence in writing for young adult audiences.

Philip Pullman's fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials, published between 1995 and 2000, added another controversial topic to the field by attacking established religion, especially Roman Catholicism. Northern Lights, the first volume in the trilogy, won the 1995 Carnegie Medal as the year's outstanding English-language children's book. Pullman has written other YA fiction, including the Sally Lockhart series (1985-94), as well as books for younger children.

The category of young adult fiction continues to expand into other media and genres: graphic novels/ manga, light novels, fantasy, mystery fiction, romance novels, and even subcategories such as cyberpunk, techno-thrillers, and contemporary Christian fiction.

A survey of attendees at a 2018 conference of educators found that the most frequently taught YA texts in America from 2013 to 2018, ordered from most to least taught, were The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, , The Outsiders, The House on Mango Street, American Born Chinese, The Book Thief, Persepolis, and The Perks of Being a Wallflower.

Many young adult novels feature coming-of-age stories. These feature adolescents beginning to transform into adults, working through personal problems, and learning to take responsibility for their actions. YA serves many literary purposes. It provides a pleasurable reading experience for young people, emphasizing real-life experiences and problems in easier-to-grasp ways, and depicts societal functions.

An analysis of YA novels between 1980 and 2000 found seventeen expansive literary themes. The most common of these were friendship, getting into trouble, romantic and sexual interest, and family life. Other common thematic elements revolve around the coming-of-age nature of the texts. This includes narratives about self-identity, life and death, and individuality.

Some of the most common YA genres are contemporary fiction, fantasy, science fiction, historical fiction, and romance. Hybrid genres are also common in YA.

The social problem novel or problem novel is a sub-genre of literature focusing and commenting on overarching social problems. This type of novel is usually seen as originating in the 19th century, though there were precursors in the 18th century, like by Henry Fielding (1751), and Caleb Williams (1794) by William Godwin. They are typically a type of realistic fiction that characteristically depict, in the YA version of this genre, issues such as poverty, drugs, and pregnancy. Published in 1967, S.E. Hinton's The Outsiders is a well-known example of the YA problem novel. Following its publication, problem novels became popular during the 1970s.[citation needed ]

Librarian Sheila Egoff described three reasons why problem novels resonate with adolescents:

They depict real situations that the readers are experiencing so they have "therapeutic value".

They are interesting, new and foreign to those not experiencing these issues.

They feature mature story lines which appeal to a child's desire to grow up.

A classic example of a problem novel, and one that defined the sub-genre, is Go Ask Alice anonymously published by Beatrice Sparks in 1971. Go Ask Alice is written as the diary of a young girl, who, to cope with her many problems, experiments with drugs. More recent examples include by Laurie Halse Anderson, by Ellen Hopkins, and The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky.

Boundaries between children's, young adult, and adult fiction

The boundary between books for children and adult literature is flexible and loosely defined and in particular "the young have always been efficient [plunderers] of stories from all sources, and have carried off such literary booty as pleased them". This boundary has been policed by adults and has "alternated between the rigid and the permeable depending on the political and cultural climate".

At the lower end of the age spectrum, fiction targeted to readers aged 8-12 is referred to as middle grade fiction. Some novels originally marketed to adults are of interest and value to adolescents, and vice versa, as in the case of books such as the Harry Potter series of novels. Some examples of middle grade novels and novel series include the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan, The Underland Chronicles by Suzanne Collins, and Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney.

Examples of young adult novels and novel series include the Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling, The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins, the series by Anthony Horowitz and the Mortal Instruments series by Cassandra Clare.[citation needed ]

Middle grade novels are usually shorter, and are significantly less mature and complex in theme and content than YA. YA novels are for ages 12-18, and tackle more mature and adult themes and content than middle grade novels. The latter usually feature protagonists between the ages of 10 and 13, whereas young adult novels usually feature protagonists from 14 to 18.

Department with New adult books in a German bookstore (2023)

YA has been integrated into classrooms to increase student interest in reading. Studies have shown that YA can be beneficial in classroom settings. YA fiction is written for adolescents and some believe it to be more relevant to students' social and emotional needs instead of classic literature. Use of YA in classrooms is linked to:

higher levels of engagement and motivation among students

increased levels of self-confidence, personal development and self-identification

increased desire to read similar books

Students who read YA are more likely to appreciate literature and have stronger reading skills than others. YA also allows teachers to talk about " taboo" or difficult topics with their students. For example, a 2014 study shows that using Laurie Halse Anderson's novel aided in discussions on consent and complicity. Those who read about tough situations like date rape are more emotionally prepared to handle the situation if it arises. It is important to use diverse literature in the classroom, especially in discussing taboo topics, to avoid excluding minority students.

Literature written for young adults can also be used as a stepping stone to canonical works that are traditionally read in classrooms, and required by many school curriculums. In Building a Culture of Readers: YA Literature and the Canon by Kara Lycke, Lycke suggests pairing young adult literature and canon works to prepare young adults to understand the classic literature they will encounter. YA can provide familiar and less alienating examples of similar concepts than those in classic literature. Suggested pairings include Rick Riordan's Percy Jackson series with the Iliad or the Odyssey, or Stephenie Meyer's with Wuthering Heights. When discussing identity, Lycke suggests pairing Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter with Sherman Alexie's The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.

The trend to include same-sex relationships and gendered identity issues in young adult fiction has caused considerable controversy. Conservative activists and religious groups have also criticized young adult fiction for violence, explicit sexual content, obscene language, and suicide. Speculative young adult fiction is sometimes targeted by critics for religious reasons, including religious debates over the Harry Potter series and Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials. Criticism has also been leveled at young adult fiction authors for alleged insensitivity to marginalized communities or cultural appropriation.

English language young adult fiction and children's literature in general have historically shown a lack of books with a main character who is a person of color, LGBT, or disabled. In the UK 90% of the best-selling YA titles from 2006 to 2016 featured white, able-bodied, cis-gendered, and heterosexual main characters. The numbers of children's book authors have shown a similar lack of diversity. Between 2006 and 2016, eight percent of all young adult authors published in the UK were people of color.

Some[who? ] consider diversity beneficial since it encourages children of diverse backgrounds to read and it teaches children of all backgrounds an accurate view of the world around them.[failed verification ] In the mid-2010s, more attention was drawn to diversity from various quarters. In the several years following, diversity numbers seem to have increased: One survey showed that in 2017, a quarter of children's books were about minority protagonists, almost a 10% increase from 2016.

Jack Zipes, a professor of German and literature, has criticized the standardized nature of young adult fiction in Western society. He writes that to become a phenomenon, a work has to "conform to the standards [...] set by the mass media and promoted by the culture industry in general." Zipes complains of similarities between Harry Potter and other well known heroes.

Professor Chris Crowe argues that criticism of young adult fiction arises from the fear that the genre will replace classic works. He also suggests that because there is much poorly written young adult fiction, and the genre's recent development, it has difficulty in establishing its value in relation to the classics of literature.

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6. Susan Broomhall, Joanne McEwan, Stephanie Tarbin. ^ "Once upon a time: a brief history of children's literature", The Conversation (website), 28 May 2017

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Young adult fiction ( YA) is fiction written for readers from 12 to 18 years of age. The term YA was first used regularly in the 1960s in the United States. The YA category includes most of the genres found in adult fiction, with themes that include friendship, sexuality, drugs and alcohol, and sexual and gender identity.

# data[].attributes.headline
Robert Swindells:       He won the Children's Book Prize for Reading with Brother on Earth in 1984

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Robert Swindells:       He won the Children's Book Prize for Reading with Brother on Earth in 1984

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Link:                                                                                             

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# data[].attributes.body
A homeless.                                                                No father.                                                                      He ran with the receptionist. He has got a stepfather called Vincent who is fifty years old and is a boozer.            He has got a sister who is four years older than him.His father left when he was 14 years old.

He thinks he try to act younger, is pathetic and has a very loud laugh. Is a drunk.
She pass of being a quaete women to be a party one .
Vince, who is a drunk, is violent and a bit dirty minded. He try to abuse Carole so Carole left. Then Vince beats up Link and his mother defend him.
The problem with being a homelles in Bradford is that you constantly found people you know when you ask for money.
Link can´t stay with his siter Carol because Carol see´s him as a homeless and doesn´t want him there.
The reasons for being sad is that he is leaving all his life and the reason for being scare is tat he is going to be in a new city where he doesn´t know what is going to happend.
Because his mother and sister give him thing like sleeping bag, saying him idirectly to go.

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Stone Cold is a realistic young adult novel

# data[].attributes.body
Homeless on the streets of London, 16 year old Link feels he has become an invisible outcast. When he meets streetwise Ginger, life becomes more bearable and he learns the tricks of survival. But when Ginger goes missing, Link feels a sickening sense of foreboding.

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Born in Bradford, Yorkshire, United Kingdom,

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Born in Bradford, Yorkshire, United Kingdom,

# data[].attributes.headline
Robert Swindells was born in  Yorkshire, United Kingdom

# data[].attributes.subject
Robert Swindells was born in  Yorkshire, United Kingdom

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He won the annual Carnegie Medal recognising the year's best children's book.

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Shelter is presented as an evil guy, he pretends tom be a nice guy but he isn´t

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Shelter
Link
Vincent
Ginger
Gail
Carole

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Is a realistic young-adult novel by Robert Swindells

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Is a realistic young-adult novel by Robert Swindells

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(born 20 March 1939) is an English author of children´s and young adult fiction