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Agreement  of Adjectives

An adjective is a word that takes up a noun; for example, a good man. In Italian an adjective agrees in gender and the number. There are two groups of adjectives: Those that end in  o and those that end in e.

Adjectives ending in o  in the masculine have four forms:

| Maschile | Femminile
Singolare | -o | -a
Plurale | -i | -e
| il libro italiano | la signora italiana
| i libri italiani | le signore italiane
| il primo giorno | la mensa universitaria
| i primi giorni | le mense universitarie

If an adjective ends in -io, the o is dropped to form the plural.

-l'abito vecchi o (the old suit)

gli abiti vecch i (the old suits)

-il ragazzo seri o (the serious boys)

i ragazzi ser i (the serious boys)

-Adjectives ending in -e are the same for the masculine and the feminine singular. In the plural, the -e changes to -i.

-il ragazzo inglese (the English boy)

la ragazza inglese (the English girl)

-i ragazzi inglesi (the English boys)

le ragazze inglesi (the English girls)

An adjective modifying  two nouns of different gender is masculine.

i padri e le madre italian i (Italian fathers and mothers)

BAGS- to tell where adjectives go before.
Beauty, Age, Goodness and Size.

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The present tense in Italian is the most common tense used in Italian and is used to describe what is currently happening. The regular present tense verbs will end in -are, -ere, and -ire.
Regular Verbs ending in -are will drop the -are and will gain the corresponding ending.
Example verb-parlare: io parlo /  tu parli / Lei/lui/lei parla / noi parliamo / voi parlate / loro parlano
Regular Verbs ending in -ere will also drop the -ere and gain the corresponding ending
Example verb-leggere: io leggo/  tu leggi/ Lei/lui/lei legge/ noi leggiamo/ voi leggete / loro leggono
Regular Verbs ending in -ire can be conjugated in two different ways but the most common way is to again drop the -ire and gain the corresponding ending. The other way is to add -isc in place of the -ire and add the corresponding ending.
Example verb-partire: io parto/ tu parti/ Lei/lui/lei parte/ noi partiamo/ voi partite/ loro partono
Example -isc verb-capire: io capisco/ tu capisci/Lei/lui/lei capisce/ noi capiamo/ voi capite/ loro capiscono
Some irregular verbs and how to conjugate them would be:

Dire uscire venire
Io              dico esco vengo
tu              dici esci vieni
lui/lei        dice esce viene
noi            diciamo usciamo veniamo
voi             dite usciten venite
loro dicono escono vengono

As for the helping verbs, they can be essere or avere. They are conjugated like so:
Essere                                            Avere
io                               sono                                               ho
tu                               sei                                                  hai
Lei/lui/lei                  e                                                     hai
noi                             siamo                                            abbiamo
voi                             siete                                               avete
loro                            sono                                              hanno

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Passato Prossimo is one way to show past tense of a verb.

Passato Prossimo is a compound tense, meaning a helping verb of avere or essere is required.
*The helping verb must be conjugated and comes before the other verb.
Example: "Io ho parlato." (I have spoken) "Io sono arrivato" (I have arrived)

Passato Prossimo is generally conjugated with avere but essere is used in verbs about place or motion and all reflexive verbs. (Ex. Andare, entrare, partire, venire, alzarsi) If you can not answer who or what, essere is generally used.
*When using essere, the subject must agree with the verb (Example: Io sono andata, if feminine)

The ending of the verb changes to form the past participle.
-Are takes -Ato (Parlare changes to parlato)
-Ere takes -uto (bevere changes to bevuto)
-ire takes -ito (Finire changes to finito)

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L'imperfetto si usa per discrivere un'azine passato che era prolungato.
Esempi: "Io parlavo." (I was talking) or (I used to talk)
Coniugazione:
Per i verbi "are", "ere", "ire", e "isc": Io -vo, Tu -vi, Lui/Lei -va, Noi -vamo, Voi -vate, Loro -vano
Per irregulars:
-Essere: Io ero, Tu eri, Lui/Lei era, Noi eravamo, Voi eravate, Loro erano
-Bere: Io bevevo, Tu bevevi, Lui/Lei beveva, Noi bevevamo, Voi bevevate, Loro bevevano
-Dire: Io dicevo, Tu dicevi, Lui/Lei diceva, Noi dicevamo, Voi dicevate, Loro dicevano
-Fare: Io facevo, Tu facevi, Lui/Lei faceva, Noi facevamo, Voi facevate, Loro facevano
Piu esempi: "Io correvo ogni giorna." (I used to run every day)
"Io ero felice." (I was happy) or (I used to be happy)
"Io bevevo sempre, ma non piu." (I used to always drink, but not anymore)

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-Used before
- names of materials
- possessive pronouns (expect certain family members)
- days of the week and time of the day (If it is a regular activity)
- titles if followed by a name (expect if it's greeting/addressing)
- feminine family names (rarely masculine)
- names of continents, countries, territories, and bigger islands

-must agree with gender and number
Definiti (The)
-Used when the noun is specific or particular
-Masculine
-"Il" for singular nouns that begin with a consonant
-"L' "for singular nouns that begin with a vowel
-"Lo" for singular nouns that begin with s+ consonant, ps, pn, z, x, y, or gn
-"I" for plural nouns that begin with a consonant
-"Gli" for plural nouns that begin with a vowel, s+ consonant, ps, pn, z, x, y, or gn
-Feminine
-"La" for singular nouns that begin with a consonant
-"L' " for singular nouns that begin with a vowel
-"Le" for plural nouns

Indefiniti ( "a" or "an")
-Used when the noun is unspecific or ambiguous
-Masculine Singular
-"Un" for nouns that begin with a consonant or vowel
-"Uno" for nouns that begin with s+ consonant, ps, pn, z, x, y, or gn
- Never use un' for masculine nouns
-Feminine Singular
-"Una" for nouns that begin with consonants
-"Un' " for nouns that begin with a vowel
-Plural
-Certi/e or Alcuni/e