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Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space

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Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space

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There are two types of matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures.

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Mass - a measure of the amount of matter in an object (typically measured in grams) 

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Mass - a measure of the amount of matter in an object (typically measured in grams) 

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Volume - the amount of space an object takes up (usually measured in liters)

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Volume - the amount of space an object takes up (usually measured in liters)

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Pure Substances - a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It is composed of one type of atom or molecule and a fixed composition. It is always homogeneous. 

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Pure Substances - a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It is composed of one type of atom or molecule and a fixed composition. It is always homogeneous. 

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Pure Substances are broken down into Elements and Compounds.

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Element - a chemical substance made up of a particular kind of atom and cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction

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Element - a chemical substance made up of a particular kind of atom and cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction

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Compound - pure substances that are made up of 2 or more elements and can not be chemically broken down

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Compound - pure substances that are made up of 2 or more elements and can not be chemically broken down

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Mixtures - something that consists of diverse non-bonded elements or molecules. They can be physically separated; NOT chemically combined.

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Mixtures - something that consists of diverse non-bonded elements or molecules. They can be physically separated; NOT chemically combined.

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Mixtures are broken down into Heterogeneous Mixtures and Homogeneous Mixtures.

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Heterogeneous Mixtures - a mixture of two or more chemical substances, where the different components can be visually distinguished and easily separated by physical means. 

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Heterogeneous Mixtures - a mixture of two or more chemical substances, where the different components can be visually distinguished and easily separated by physical means. 

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Ex. a salad, trail mix, water and oil, water and sand

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Homogeneous Mixtures - substances are evenly distributed and it is considered uniformed. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures which are special mixtures where one substance dissolves into another. 

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Homogeneous Mixtures - substances are evenly distributed and it is considered uniformed. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures which are special mixtures where one substance dissolves into another. 

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Ex. Koolaid

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Water (Compound), Table Salt (Compound), Iron Rods (Element), and Diamond (Compound)

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Sugar Water (Homogeneous), Soil (Heterogeneous), Marble (Heterogeneous), Lava Lamp (Heterogeneous), Tea (Homogeneous

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Solutions

appearance - clear, transparent and homogeneous

particle size - molecule, in size, can not be filtered but can be separated by distillation

effect of light - none, light passes through, particles do not reflect light

effect of sedimentation - none

Suspension

appearance - cloudy, heterogeneous, at least two substances visible

particle size - larger than 10,000 angstroms, can be filtered and separated

effect of light - variable

effect of sedimentation - particles will eventually settle out

Colloid

appearance - cloudy but uniform and homogeneous, smoky foggy air

particle size - 10-1000 angstroms, will not separate

effect of light - light is dispersed by colloidal particles, visible light beam

effect of sedimentation - none

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Diatomic elements are all gases, and they form molecules because they don't have full valence shells on their own. Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine.

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Physical Properties - can be observed without chemically changing matter

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Physical Properties - can be observed without chemically changing matter

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Ex: color, shape, solubility, malleability

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Chemical Properties - describes how a substance interacts with other substances

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Chemical Properties - describes how a substance interacts with other substances

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Ex: acidity, eroding, burning, reactivity

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Extensive - any characteristics of matter that depends on the amount being measured 

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Extensive - any characteristics of matter that depends on the amount being measured 

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Ex: Mass and Volume

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Intensive - any characteristics of matter that does not depend on the amount of substance present 

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Intensive - any characteristics of matter that does not depend on the amount of substance present 

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Ex: density and color

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Density- state or quality of being dense or compacted 

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Density- state or quality of being dense or compacted 

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Solid- definite shape, definite volume, and particles tightly packed

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Solid- definite shape, definite volume, and particles tightly packed

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Liquids- indefinite shape, definite volume, and particles have room or space to slide past each other 

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Liquids- indefinite shape, definite volume, and particles have room or space to slide past each other 

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Gas- indefinite shape and volume, particles are far apart

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Gas- indefinite shape and volume, particles are far apart

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Physical Change- no change in identity of substance 

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Physical Change- no change in identity of substance 

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Chemical Change- one or more new substances produced 

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Chemical Change- one or more new substances produced 

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Phase Changes, Dissolving, Grinding, Pounding into Sheets, Tearing, expected change in Color, Size, and Texture 

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Phase Changes, Dissolving, Grinding, Pounding into Sheets, Tearing, expected change in Color, Size, and Texture 

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Freezing Point: liquid to solid
Melting Point: solid to liquid
Freezing Point = Melting Point
Boiling Point: liquid to gas
Condensation Point: gas to liquid
Sublimation Point: solid to gas

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Chemical Reactions include:  Combustion, rusting, tarnishing, decomposition, & digestion

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Chemical Reactions include:  Combustion, rusting, tarnishing, decomposition, & digestion

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Phase Diagrams - graphic representation of equilibrium between phases

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Phase Diagrams - graphic representation of equilibrium between phases

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-Kamaya

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-Kamaya

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-Kamaya

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-Serenity

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-Serenity

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-Serenity

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-Serenity