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1.) President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
2.) This freed slaves in states in rebellion and authorizes the enlistment of black troops.

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1.) Lincoln reelected president.
2.)Lincoln's re-election ensured that he would preside over the successful conclusion of the Civil War.

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1.) The Freedmen's Bureau established.
2.) This provides assistance to emancipated African Americans. Abolished in 1872.

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1.) Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.
2.) Joseph E. Johnston's surrender in North Carolina on April 18 effectively ends the Civil War.

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1.) President Abraham Lincoln assassinated.
2.) Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes president.

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1.) 13th Amendment ratified.
-Abolishes slavery in the United States.
2.) Black Codes enacted.
-Southern states enact laws restricting the rights of African Americans.

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1.) Civil Rights Act of 1866
2.) Confers citizenship on African Americans and guarantees equal rights.

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1.) Memphis Race Riot
2.) White civilians and police kill 46 African Americans and destroy 90 houses, schools, and four churches in Memphis, Tennessee.

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1.) New Orleans Race Riot
2.) Police kill more than 40 black and white Republicans and wound more than 150.
3.) Ku Klux Klan
-A secret organization to intimidate African Americans and restore white rule is founded in Pulaski, Tennessee.

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1.) Reconstruction Acts
2.) Congress divides the former Confederacy into five military districts and requirs elections in which African American men can vote.
1868

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1.) President Johnson's Impeachment Trial
2.) By one vote, the U.S. Senate fails to remove the president from office.

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1.) Fourteenth Amendment ratified.
2.) Guarantees due process and equal protection under the law to African Americans.

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1.) Ulysses S. Grant elected President.
2.) The former Union general becomes the 18th president.

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1.) First Redeemer Government
2.)Tennessee is the first state to replace a bi-racial Republican state government with an all-white Democratic government, followed by Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia in 1870.

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1.) First black senator elected.
2.) Hiram Revels of Mississippi was elected to the U.S. Senate as the first black senator.

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1.) Fifteenth Amendment ratified.
2.) Extends the vote to all male citizens regardless of racer or previous condition of servitude.

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1.) Forty-second Congress.
2.) Five black members in the House of Representatives: Benjamin S. Turner of Alabama; Josiah T. Walls of Florida; and Robert Brown Elliot, Joseph H. Rainey and Robert Carlos DeLarge of South Carolina.

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1.) Freedmen's Bureau abolished.
2.) First African American governor.
-P. B. S. Pinchback, acting governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872 to January 13, 1873. Pinchback, a black politician, was the first black to serve as a state governor, although due to white resistance, his tenure is extremely short.
1874

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1.) Democrats control the Forty-third Congress
2.) For the first time since before the Civil War, Democrats control both houses of Congress. Robert Smalls, black hero of the Civil War, elected to Congress as representative of South Carolina. Blanche K. Bruce elected to U. S. Senate.

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1.) Civil Rights Act of 1875 enacted by Congress.
2.) Guarantees equal rights to African Americans in public accommodations and jury service. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883.

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1.) Disputed Presidential election
2.) Republicans challenged the validity of the voting in Souh Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.

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1.) Wade Hampton was inaugurated as governor of South Carolina.
2.) The election of Hampton, a leader in the Confederacy, confirms fears that the South is not committed to Reconstruction.

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1.) Rutherford B. Hayes inaugurated President.
2 Electoral Commissoin awards disputed electoral votes tot he republican candidate.

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1.) Reconstruction ends.
2.)President Rutherford Hayes withdraws federal troops from the South protecting the Civil Rights of African Americans.