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The sun was shining every day that summer.

As I spoke, the children were laughing at my cleverness.

The audience was applauding until he fell off the stage

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Narrative tenses are used to talk about past events and to tell stories

Narrative tenses are four tensesthat we often use for talking about past events.

The most common of these is the past simple.

The other three tenses, the past continious the past perfect simplr and the  past perfect continiouscan help us to say what we want more efficiently.

It is useful to look at these tenses together in the context of the function narrating - relating past events.

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∆> I quickly realised that the storm the previous night had washed up the body.
∆> Bobby knew that Dan hadn’t wanted to come home but she also knew that he hadn’t had any other option.

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Negative sentences

Sujeto + “had” + “not” + participio pasado

* I had not [hadn’t] visited the Louvre before so I didn’t know where the Mona Lisa was.

*They had not [hadn’t] studied English before they went to London.

*Carlos changed careers even though he had not [hadn’t] worked as an accountant for long.

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We can use the past perfect with the past simple together in a sentence to describe an action that happened before another past action.

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Can used for actions , thinks or events  before our present now , wihc of those began from the past and still going on when another event happend
Examples:
.Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg
. Wen we arrived he was having a bath
The simple past ita using too

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° I was strolling along the beach one day when suddenly, Bonnie ran off.
° It was still raining when Bobby woke up the next morning. Dan was sitting at the table when she went into the kitchen.

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We often use the past simple and past continuous together when one action interrupts another.

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At 6 o’clock that evening Dan was still missing. Bobby was feeling worried.
Bonnie was barking loudly

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Finished actions, states or habits in the past.
1: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we have a finished time word (yesterday, last week, at 2 o'clock, in 2003).
I went to the cinema yesterday.
We spent a lot of time in Japan in 2007.
2: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know from general knowledge that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead.
Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa.
The Vikings invaded Britain.
3: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past that we have introduced with the present perfect or another tense. This is sometimes called 'details of news'.
I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was painting my bedroom.
I've been on holiday. I went to Spain and Portugal.
4: For stories or lists of events, we often use the past simple for the actions in the story and the past continuous for the background.
He went to a café. People were chatting and music was playing. He sat down and ordered a coffee.
Unreal or imaginary things in the present or future.
5: We use the past simple to talk about things that are not real in the present or future. So we use it with the second conditional and after words like 'wish'.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
I wish I had more time!

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*past simple*
*Past completed actions*
We *went* to the zoo last week. Sorry, what *did* you *say* ?
*(-)* Swe normally say, or both the speaker and the listener know, when these actions happened
Past habits or states
We often went to the pub after work. He really liked sport, and was very fit.
*Situations that started and finished in the past (duration* )
I *played* football for 20 years. How long *did* you *live* in Brussels? I *loved* her since the day we met.
*NARRATIVE USE: events of the story in chronological order*
She *opened* the door, *looked* at us and *went* to her room.

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: An action in the past which overlaps another action or a time. The action in the past continuous starts before and often continues after the other shorter action or time.
I was walking to the station when I met John. (I started walking before I met John, and maybe I continued afterwards.)
At three o'clock, I was working. (I started before three o'clock and finished after three o'clock.)
2: In the same way, we can use the past continuous for the background of a story. (We often use the past simple for the actions.) This is really a specific example of Use 1.
The birds were singing, the sun was shining and in the cafés people were laughing and chatting. Amy sat down and took out her phone.
3: Temporary habits or habits that happen more often than we expect in the past. We often use 'always', 'constantly' or 'forever' here. This is the same as the way we use the present continuous for habits, but the habit started and finished in the past. This thing doesn't happen now.
He was always leaving the tap running.
She was constantly singing.
4: To emphasise that something lasted for a while. This use is often optional and we usually use it with time expressions like 'all day' or 'all evening' or 'for hours'.
I was working in the garden all day.
He was reading all evening.
Remember you can't use this tense or any continuous tense with stative verbs.

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Finished actions, states or habits in the past.
1: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we have a finished time word (yesterday, last week, at 2 o'clock, in 2003).

I went to the cinema yesterday.

We spent a lot of time in Japan in 2007.

2: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know from general knowledge that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead.

Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa.

The Vikings invaded Britain.

3: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past that we have introduced with the present perfect or another tense. This is sometimes called 'details of news'.

I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was painting my bedroom.

I've been on holiday. I went to Spain and Portugal.

4: For stories or lists of events, we often use the past simple for the actions in the story and the past continuous for the background.

He went to a café. People were chatting and music was playing. He sat down and ordered a coffee.

Unreal or imaginary things in the present or future.
5: We use the past simple to talk about things that are not real in the present or future. So we use it with the second conditional and after words like 'wish'.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.

I wish I had more time!

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Past simple is using for  actions that were completed in a time of periods before the present time , the performing action here is not important 

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Past simple is using for  actions that were completed in a time of periods before the present time , the performing action here is not important 

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Form
Subject + past tense
He went to the station.
Subject + be (past) + verb -ing
He was going to the station.
Subject + had + past participle
He had gone to the station.
Subject + had + been + verb -ing
He had been going to the station.

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: Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is still continuing.
I haven't seen her this month.
She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
I've already moved house twice this year!
We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.
NOT:I've seen him yesterday.
4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result). We often use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these cases, especially in US English.
The Queen has given a speech.
I've just seen Lucy.
The Mayor has announced a new plan for the railways.
Been and Gone
In this tense, we use both 'been' and 'gone' as the past participle of 'go', but in slightly different circumstances. We use 'been' (often when we talk about life experience) to mean that the person we're talking about visited the place and came back.
I've been to Paris (in my life, but now I'm in London, where I live).
She has been to school today (but now she's back at home).
They have never been to California.
We use 'gone' (often when we are talking about an action with a result in the present) to mean that the person went to the place and is at the place now.
Where's John? He's gone to the shops (he's at the shops now).
Julie has gone to Mexico (now she's in Mexico).
They've gone to Japan for three weeks (now they're in Japan).

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1: We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'. We often use stative verbs.
I've known Karen since 1994.
She's lived in London for three years.
I've worked here for six months.
'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).
I've known Sam since 1992.
I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
She's been here since 2pm.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
I've known Julie for ten years.
I've been hungry for hours.
She's had a cold for a week.

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Past continuous                         

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Past continuous                         

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We use the past continuous for background information and to describe a scene or situation that continued for some time.

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PAST SIMPLE: We can use the past simple for actions that started and finished in the past, for example a series of events in someone’s life

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PAST SIMPLE: We can use the past simple for actions that started and finished in the past, for example a series of events in someone’s life