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One of three wars that the British fought as they tried wrestle for control of Afghanistan against the Russians.

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1926 Afghanistan becomes an independent kingdom

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1926 Afghanistan becomes an independent kingdom

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After failures by the British and Russians to control Afghanistan, and the devastation of WW1, Afghanistan becomes an independent emirate.

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1933-King Muhammad Zahir Shah takes control of Afghanistan 

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1933-King Muhammad Zahir Shah takes control of Afghanistan 

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After instability and assassination's, Muhammad Zahir Shah becomes king, he quickly begins modernizing the country into the 1960's.

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Remember this is the time of the Cold War, so the British and Soviet Union are still trying to control the country.

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1973-King's cousin Muhammad Khan stages a coup

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1973-King's cousin Muhammad Khan stages a coup

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Muhammad Zahir Shah's cousin, Muhammad Khan stages a coup because the ethnic group he belonged to (Pashtun) was being largely ignored and effected by Zahir Shah's modernizing programs. He immediately declares himself Prime Minister and President.

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The President Muhammad Khan is ousted because people did not agree with his form of Pashtun Ethnic nationalism, favoring the group over others. Khan cracked down on protests, which eventually led to a full revolution. The Communist Party takes full control.

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1978-Hafizullah Amin becomes Prime Minister

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1978-Hafizullah Amin becomes Prime Minister

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Amin begins to push more rights for all. Women's rights, more building projects, more socialism. This upset the rural population because they saw it as a threat to their traditional power structures. So they began to riot. Amin cracked down on the riots, which in turn led to more riots.

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Amin's president, Nur Muhammad Turaki turns to the Soviet Union for help in quelling the riots....and also to assassinate Amin. Amin finds, out, kills Turaki, declares himself President and PM. Weakening the government further.

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USSR decides to take control of Amin and the country. Amin is assassinated. Soviets install puppet. Tribal warlords that were rioting, forced to the mountains.

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After regrouping to fight "Jihad". The Taliban is one of many holy warrior guerilla groups fighting the Soviet invasion.

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The United States begin funding the Mujahadeen effort to overthrow the Soviet backed puppet government and install an Islamic Emirate. One of these fighters is Osama Bin Laden, son of wealthy Saudi construction company owner.

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The Soviets withdrawal from Afghanistan, and civil war breaks out between the Mujahadeen factions.

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Taliban win civil war, offer Afghanistan as a base of operations to Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda.

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Terrorists trained and funded by Al-Qaeda attack the World Trade Center buildings. The United States vows retribution. The war on terror begins. Afghanistan is invaded by the US and its allies in late 2001.