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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Stop #10 B

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In celebration of the National Park Service Centennial in 2016, this exhibit showcases one object from every national park museum collection in Alaska. We invite you to explore museum collections from Alagnak Wild River, Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska Regional Curatorial Center, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusensteern National Monument, Denali National Park and Preserve, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Kenai Fjords National Park, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Kobuk Valley National Park, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Noatak National Preserve, Sitka National Historical Park, Western Artic National Parklands, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve.

This bone projectile point was excavated from a large prehistoric village and midden along the coast of Aniakchak. It has four unilateral barbs: three large barbs and one small barb at the tip. Unlike most dart points, it does not appear to have a hole in the base for line to go through, although the base may be incomplete or have been reshaped after a break. Alternatively, line could have been wrapped around the point base or it could have been part of a fishing spear due to its large size.

Aniakchak National Monument, ANIA 1232

The Sugpiaq (Alutiiq) people who occupied the Kenai Fjords Coast used oil lamps in their homes to provide light. The lamps were shaped from stone and filled with seal or whale oil.

Kenai Fjords, KEFJ 12244

Park museum staff from: Alagnak Wild River, Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska Regional Curatorial Center, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusensteern National Monument, Denali National Park and Preserve, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Kenai Fjords National Park, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Kobuk Valley National Park, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Noatak National Preserve, Sitka National Historical Park, Western Artic National Parklands, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve.

National Park Service, Museum Management Program Staff:
Amber Dumler
Stephen Damm
Ron Wilson
Joan Bacharach

The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not represent the views of the institutions whose collections include the featured works or of Google Arts & Culture.

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Collections from Alaska National Parks - National Park Service, Museum Management Program - Google Arts & Culture

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In celebration of the National Park Service Centennial in 2016, this exhibit showcases one object from every national park museum collection in Alaska.

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Stop #6b

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Stop #3

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Stop #16

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, United States - Google Arts & Culture

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Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online.

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Stop #13

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site - Google Arts & Culture

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Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online.

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Stop #14

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Mesa Verde National Park - Google Arts & Culture

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Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online.

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Teotihuacan Pyramids (Botanical Gardens), San Juan Teotihuacán, State of Mexico, Mexico

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Teotihuacan Pyramids (Botanical Gardens), San Juan Teotihuacán, State of Mexico, Mexico

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Teotihuacan Pyramids (Botanical Gardens), San Juan Teotihuacán, State of Mexico, Mexico

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Stop #19

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Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online.

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Moundville Archaeological Park, Mound State Parkway, Moundville, AL, USA

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Moundville Archaeological Park, Mound State Parkway, Moundville, AL, USA

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Moundville Archaeological Park, Mound State Parkway, Moundville, AL, USA

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People have been living in the southeastern region of North America for at least 18,000 years. At first these groups were on the move, hunting wild game and gathering food. Then around A.D. 800, people started planting corn near the Mississippi River and settled there permanently. Their peaceful culture thrived for hundreds of years in this plentiful area.

COOL CULTURE

Southeastern people used river mud to build massive earthen mounds that formed the center of their communities. The tall mounds served as gathering places for ceremonies, platforms for temples, and homes for tribal leaders. Moundville-the ruins of an ancient city in what's now central Alabama-has 26 mounds; the tallest is almost 60 feet high. (That's like four giraffes stacked on top of each other!) About a thousand people lived in this city, while another 10,000 farmed corn nearby.

Many tribes like the Biloxi (pronounced bil-OK-see) harvested river cane-a type of bamboo-which they wove into ceremonial rattles, baskets for picking berries, and containers for storing food. Some tribes, like the Catawba (pronounced kuh-TAW-buh) made pottery by smoothing stacks of coiled clay.

LIFE TODAY

Tribal life changed after the Revolutionary War ended in 1783 when the new Americans wanted southeastern tribes to adopt their dress styles, farming methods, and government. While some tribes rebelled, the Choctaw (CHOK-taw), Chickasaw (CHIK-uh-saw), Creek, Cherokee (CHAIR-uh-kee), and Seminole (SEH-min-ohl) changed their way of life to try to protect their people. They became known as the Five Civilized Tribes, but eventually almost all members were still forced to move west in the 1830s. The Cherokee called this thousand-mile walk to what's now Oklahoma the "Trail Where They Cried" because over 4,000 Cherokee members died on the journey. Now it's more commonly known as the Trail of Tears.

Today tribal members are trying to rebuild their communities: Each year tribes such as the Creek and Miccosukee (pronounced mik-uh-SOO-kee) continue to celebrate the first ripe corn of the harvest in the Green Corn ceremony. Part of the three-day event includes the Stomp Dance: Starting after dark, a male elder sings while men and women move in a counterclockwise circle around a fire, shaking rattles worn on their legs.

The Seminole tribe of Florida runs businesses that include citrus and cattle farms, and the Tunica (pronounced TOO-nih-kuh) tribe of Mississippi and Arkansas are working with Tulane University in Louisiana to create children's books, recordings, camps, and other projects that help keep their language alive.

Text and photos adapted from the Nat Geo Kids Encyclopedia of American Indian History and Culture.

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Hohokam Pima National Monument, Chandler, AZ, USA

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Hohokam Pima National Monument, Chandler, AZ, USA

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Hohokam Pima National Monument, Chandler, AZ, USA

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Stop #18

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Thousands of years ago, ancient people first settled in the deep canyons of present-day New Mexico. The members of these ancient civilizations-the Pueblo (PWEB-loh), the Mogollon (moh-guh-YOHN), and the Hohokam (huh-HOH-kum)-built cities carved into the cliffs and created complex canals to water crops in the desert. Almost all of the Southwestern tribes, which later spread out into present-day Arizona, Texas, and northern Mexico, can trace their ancestry back to these civilizations.

Two powerful Southwest tribes were the exception: the Navajo (NA-vuh-hoh) and the Apache (uh-PA-chee). These people moved into the region from the Arctic between the 1200s and 1500s. They were hunters who followed their game across a wide territory and who often raided the other tribes in the area for food.

COOL CULTURE

Between A.D. 900 and 1150, the ancient Pueblo people built hundreds of multistory sandstone buildings in canyons. Many tribes including the Hopi (HOH-pee) continued this building tradition, creating stone houses that were five stories high.

The American southwest has a dry climate with little rain, so tribes had to be creative to grow crops like beans and squash. For instance, the Quechan (kwuht-SAN) people planted crops in narrow valleys that would sometimes be covered in river water, and the Hopi people grew different types of corn to suit the arid climate, including white, red, yellow, blue, and speckled varieties. People also gathered prickly pear cactus and wild berries, and women and children of some tribes like the Havasupai (hah-vah-SOO-py) and Mojave (moh-HAH-vee) helped to hunt, stamping their feet to drive rabbits from their burrows.

Southwestern tribes are well known for their art and crafts. Artisans create turquoise and silver jewelry, finely woven baskets, clay pottery with geometric patterns, and colorful blankets.

LIFE TODAY

Many Southwest tribes were affected by the California Gold Rush in 1849, when settlers, mining companies, and U.S. soldiers invaded ancestral homelands. By the end of the century, many tribal members had moved onto reservations. But some tribes managed to keep hold of at least some areas of their native lands because the landscape was too rugged for settlers.

Some tribes, like the Cocopah (koh-koh-PAH) and Maricopa (MAH-ree-KOH-pah) in Arizona and the Zuni (ZOO-nee) in New Mexico, run museums that teach people about their history. In the Grand Canyon region of Arizona, the Havasupai operate a campsite and lodge, and many tribal members work as guides for tourists to the national park. The Hualapai (WAH-luh-py) tribe built the Grand Canyon Skywalk, a glass platform 4,000 feet above the gorge.

Text and photos adapted from the Nat Geo Kids Encyclopedia of American Indian History and Culture.

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Stop #11

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Between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago, people began crossing the Bering Strait from Asia into what is now Alaska. Over time, some of those people moved into the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. Today their descendants call themselves Inuit, which means "the people."

Others traveled south to the evergreen forests of Canada, and the descendants of those people now have individual tribal names but refer to themselves together as First Nations.

COOL CULTURE

Many tribes survived the cold, harsh environment by hunting caribou, musk ox, bowhead whales, and even seals through the ice. They then put all the parts of the animal to use: Caribou and polar bear fur were perfect for warm winter clothing, sealskin was used for waterproof summer garments, and furs from wolves, wolverines, and rabbits added warmth inside boots and socks.

To show respect for these animals, tribes created masks and charms in those shapes. Members of the Eyak (pronounced EE-yak) tribe wore painted wooden masks during traditional tribal ceremonies, the Yup'ik (pronounced YOO-peek) carved wooden masks with animal characteristics to ensure a successful hunt for the wearer, and the Inupiat (pronounced IN-yoop-yat) tribe carved hunting charms out of walrus tusks in the shape of seals.

But life for these people wasn't all about survival: They also knew how to have fun. Today members of these tribes still play traditional games like the knuckle hop, which tests skill and toughness when competitors hop forward on just their knuckles and toes. Another popular game still today is the blanket toss. Holding a blanket tight, people raise it up and down to throw another person into the air as she tries to land on the blanket without losing balance. Some talented jumpers can even do twists and flips midair.

LIFE TODAY

Today most of these people live in modern communities and have adapted technology to their lifestyle. Snowmobiles often replace cars when snowy roads become impassable, and GPS receivers help them navigate. But members of these tribes are working hard to keep their culture alive: The Inuvialuit (pronounced in-oo-vee-ah-LOO-it), Inuit people of the western Canadian Arctic, have even developed an app to teach kids their native language.

Text and photos adapted from the Nat Geo Kids Encyclopedia of American Indian History and Culture.

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Native People of the Arctic and Subarctic

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Between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago, people began crossing the Bering Strait from Asia into what is now Alaska. Over time, some of those people moved into the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. Today their descendants call themselves Inuit, which means "the people."

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Stop #20

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Four Corners Monument, New Mexico 597, Teec Nos Pos, AZ, USA

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Four Corners Monument, New Mexico 597, Teec Nos Pos, AZ, USA

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Four Corners Monument, New Mexico 597, Teec Nos Pos, AZ, USA

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Stop #15

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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Bering Land Bridge National Preserve Visitor Center, Front Street, Nome, AK, USA

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Stop #10a

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Stop #9

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Stop #17

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Stop #5

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Stop #8b

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Mungo National Park, Garnpang Rd, Mungo NSW, Australia

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Mungo National Park, Garnpang Rd, Mungo NSW, Australia

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Mungo National Park, Garnpang Rd, Mungo NSW, Australia

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Stop #8a

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Stop #6a

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Mount Toba, Ronggur Nihuta, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

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Mount Toba, Ronggur Nihuta, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

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Mount Toba, Ronggur Nihuta, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

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Stop #7

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Stop #4

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Blombos, Lentegeur, Cape Town, South Africa

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Blombos, Lentegeur, Cape Town, South Africa

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Blombos, Lentegeur, Cape Town, South Africa

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Stop #2

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Stop #1