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Korean parents ‘invest’ a large portion of their income in their children’s English education. Unfortunately, this expensive investment in English education has never been regarded by Koreans as satisfactory.

The English language is used to increase the employment rate for the possibility of "quality" jobs and is largely used as a guarantor of determining students' future success.

The Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation has resulted in major educational changes as the English language is made mandatory -it soon became a formal subject in their syllabus. Moreover, greater emphasis is made to increase oral communication skills and in instructional hours for students.

In the modern days, English language use is associated with representations of youthful people, with youth culture in general, and with values that reject traditional Korean ones.

Students are also forced to study English due to institutional requirements regardless of their academic interests, hence why some of them struggle to attain high test scores on mandatory English exams for employment and studies.

In consequence, the unrealistic goals for English proficiency set by these educational institutions and employers have made it impossible and are damaging for many South Korean students.

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English in Korean entertainment is used to generate stylistic & creative Television drama titles, songs, and etcetera -by including the use of heavily code mixing (hybridized) as well as nativized forms of Korean English.

The term “K-Pop” or Korean popular music is a blooming music industry that addresses the kinds of English used by young people as an expression or identity of a group unit and a resistance to “mainstream" norms and values.

According to Jeong (2004) the frenzy of English fever in Korea or also known as "Yeongeo Yeolpung" which is a locally coined term for Koreans from all ages who wish to strive to learn English -it is further increased due to the influence of media entertainment such as K-Drama and K-Pop.

English is used as a "tool" in commercial and marketing regarding product identity and services -in expansion to appeal towards targeted consumers.

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In modern globalization era, the Korean Political Government has made it the utmost importance for their citizens to learn and acquire the English language in order to assert themselves in global competition.

An individual's English language proficiency in Korea is deemed as a prestige and knowledgeable. This is because the more fluent one is in English the higher the amount respect, status, power, success and influence that they will receive by the public.

According to Hye-Jeong (2012) English language in Korea is used as an ideological assessment tool that contributes to the discrimination and inequality faced within a status conscious society.

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NAME: Aina Yasmin Binti Azizi
STUDENT ID: 2021352549
AGE: 21 years old
LOCATED IN: Shah Alam, Selangor
EDUCATION: Diploma in English for Professional Communication (LG120) / Bachelors (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication
STUDYING AT: Universiti Teknologi Mara UiTM Kampus Cawangan Shah Alam
HOBBY: Reading, drawing, assembling furniture, and tending to my babies (read: plants).
FAVOURITE QUOTE: "Hope not in mortal things."
CURATED SECTION: Variations of English in South Korea

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NAME: Nurkhalilah Binti Md Fadli
STUDENT ID: 2021515859
AGE: 21 years old
LOCATED IN: Shah Alam, Selangor
EDUCATION: Diploma in English for Professional Communication (LG120) / Bachelors (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication
STUDYING AT: Universiti Teknologi Mara UiTM Kampus Cawangan Shah Alam
HOBBY: Watching movies and documentaries, reading poems, and journaling
FAVOURITE QUOTE: "Rejection is just a change of direction for better opportunities"
CURATED SECTION: Roles of English language in South Korea

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NAME: Nur Layli Khayandari Binti Mohamed Ain
STUDENT ID: 2021352297
AGE: 21 years old
LOCATED IN: Klang, Selangor
EDUCATION: Diploma in English for Professional Communication (LG120) / Bachelors (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication
STUDYING AT: Universiti Teknologi Mara UiTM Kampus Cawangan Shah Alam
HOBBY: Reading fiction books, watching anime and listening to music
FAVOURITE QUOTE: "Try to believe that maybe more light shines out of those who have the most cracks."

CURATED SECTION: Status of English in South Korea

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NAME: Sarah Qistina Binti Suhaimee
STUDENT ID: 2021513705
AGE: 21 years old
LOCATED IN: Kota Bharu, Kelantan
EDUCATION: Diploma in English for Professional Communication (LG120) / Bachelors (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication
STUDYING AT: Universiti Teknologi Mara UiTM Kampus Cawangan Shah Alam
HOBBY: Watching movies and listening to music.
FAVOURITE QUOTE: "Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happens.”

CURATED SECTION: Origins of English language in South Korea

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1. Chang, K.-S. (n.d.). STATUS AND FUNCTION OF ENGLISH AS A LANGUAGE OF INTERNATIONAL/INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN KOREA. https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/41506521.pdf

2. Flattery, B. (2021). An overview of English in South Korea.Utoronto.ca. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/eng6365-flattery.htm

3. Neff, R. (2014). Learning English in the 1880s. Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/korea/learning-english-1880s

4. Park, J.-K. (2009). “English fever” in South Korea: its history and symptoms. English Today, 25(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1017/s026607840900008x

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1. Hye-Jeong, A. (2012, July 16).  Purpose of English study in Korea. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/07/137_115229.html

2. Fayzrakhmanova, Y. (2016). English in South Korea: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 236, 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.12.059

3. Lee, K. (2014). "The Politics of Teaching English in South Korean Schools: Language Ideologies and Language Policy". Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. University of Pennsylvania. 1339.
https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1339

4. Vasilopoulos, G. (October 2013). The multiple roles and functions of English in South Korea. 1. 79-94. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1127404.pdf

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1. Baratta, A. (2019, June 14). Korean language speakers should take pride in Konglish – it’s another wonderful example of linguistic diversity. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/korean-language-speakers-should-take-pride-in-konglish-its-another-wonderful-example-of-linguistic-diversity-118790.

2. Division of Speech-Language Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. (2015). Pragmatic Language. Speech-Language Pathology. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/-/media/cincinnati%20childrens/home/service/s/speech/hcp/doctor-info/information-language-pdf-pragmatic-lan-6.pdf?la=en.

3. Fayzrakhmanova, Y. (2016). English in South Korea: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 236, 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.12.059.

4. Felix-Brasdefer, C. (2021). Pragmatic Variation. Pragmatics & Discourse at IU. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://pragmatics.indiana.edu/pragmaticvariation/index.html.

5. Shoebottom, P. (n.d.). Language differences: English - Korean. Frankfurt International School. Retrieved December 9, 2021, from http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/korean.htm.

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1. Dr. Kyung-Suk Chang. (n.d.). STATUS AND FUNCTION OF ENGLISH AS A LANGUAGE OF INTERNATIONAL/INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN KOREA. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/41506521.pdf

2. Flattery, B. (2007). Language, Culture, and Pedagogy: An Overview of English in South Korea. Retrieved from Utoronto.ca. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/eng6365-flattery.htm

3. Korea Herald. (2013, December 30). [Eye on English] For Koreans, English used as mark of status. The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131230001005

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1883 - English language education was first introduced to Korea by Thomas E. Hallifax.

1884 - Percival Lowell, an American residing in Korea, taught a small group of boys English.

1886 - The Korean government established the Royal English School and hired three American teachers to instruct the sons of noblemen English and other subjects including math, geography, medicine and natural sciences.
Mary F. Scranton, an American, established Ehwa Hakdang (Pear Flower School), a school for girls.

1991 - The Korean government decided to include English listening tests into the national college entrance examinations. The government announced the plan to teach English in all elementary school grades by 1995.

1994 - The revision of university entrance examinations away from grammatical items towards a more communicative approach.

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It has been over 125 years since English was first accepted as a foreign language in the social domain of Korea since 1883.

English has had a variety of functions in Korean society over the last century, and its development since the Korean War has been mainly the result of international trade, particularly with the United States (US).

Korea had signed a treaty with the United States (US), fostering the arrival of missionaries, advisors, traders, and teachers who brought the English language with them.

Following the Korean War, English was used to communicate with the US military government and the soldiers, as the military government had need of people that could communicate in both languages.

After the 1988 Olympics, the government consciously associated English with globalization, both cultural and economic, and began actively promoting English language education to foster international competitiveness.

However, from the beginning, the Koreans were wary of the English language.

There are many who are against the spread of English in South Korea as they believe that the Korean language as their national identity are at risk, thus, rejecting that English should gain an official status in Korea.

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South Korea is under the category of Expanding Circle countries.

Since the 19th century, English has been regarded as an important foreign language in Korea.

Although English instruction has grown into a large industry in Korea, English is neither an official language nor a second language that has become vital for government institutional reasons.

English is for specialized goals, such as business, international trading relations, education and many more, but few connect with native speakers, preferring to communicate in a uniquely South Korean dialect that is promoted by the local media.

The changing position of English is evident in education as English has undergone a reform in the national curriculum and all children now receive a minimum of six years of English instruction.

English competence is considered as a core indicator of their adaptability in modern information-oriented society with easy internet connectivity to the outside world, and it continues to have a significant impact on Koreans' lives. Changes in other aspects of Korean society also indicate that English's standing has shifted from a foreign language to a global and intercultural language in the changing globe.

South Koreans regard English as valuable if not necessary for their economic or financial survival in South Korea, though many are worried about the negative impacts it is having on their national identity.

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Prepared for:
Madam S. Suchithra K. Sankaran

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Korean has been heavily influenced by Chinese. A large proportion of Korean words were either coined in Korean using Chinese characters or borrowed directly.

Several English consonant sounds do not exist in Korean. The most significant of these are the /θ/ and /ð/ sounds in words such as then, thirteen and clothes, the /v/ sound, which is produced as a /b/, and the /f/ sound which leads, for example, to phone being pronounced pone.

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By analyzing English vocabulary in Korean one can observe an interesting layer of English or pseudo-English words that could hardly be called loanwords. These “English” words are uniquely Korean. They are usually created by Korean speakers using English material for their own communicative purposes.

Some of these words do not have equivalents in US or British English, they are created using English material but they are particularly Korean and are used to reflect uniquely Korean cultural aspects

Koreanized English words: loan words from the English language (mainly US English). It may be characterized as transparent phonetic loanwords. Many English loanwords, besides referring to particular aspects or objects of Western culture may carry connotations of being Westernized, modern and fashionable that can be explained by their prevalence in TV commercials, pop songs, and other mass media resources.

넭뫥髬 /inteonet/ Internet

걡ꍡ봱 /seullipeo/ slippers

뼍넩셅 /haihil/ heels

껝냕 /ssi yu/ see you

Creation of original Konglish phrase: 먹스타그램 (Meogstagram) means uploading your photos with various food in social networks.

One of the aspects of Korean value system is collectivism, which is very important to Koreans and there is a lot of emphasis placed on sharing meals and drinks. Second, Koreans have become obsessed with taking pictures. To take pictures of meals has become something of a tradition.

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“화이팅!” (Fighting) – Go for it!

Other words, after they were borrowed by Korean, have changed or altered their meaning to the extent they are not easily recognizable for native speakers of English. The most popular Korean expression “화이팅” (Fighting!) does not exist in English with the meaning Koreans use it (Don’t give up! Do it!). The origin of the meaning of Koreanized “Fighting!” is rather doubtful, but the main point is not that the English word “fighting” has acquired a new meaning, but that this expression is “Koreanly” marked in the way that it reflects the Korean value system, such as aspects as collectivism and cooperation for success (saying “Fighting!” a person strongly encourages another person to do something).

Complementary extras, called “service” “서비스”.

The Koreanized “service” does not correspond to other basic meanings of “service” in British or American English but there is a Japanized “service” with a similar if not the same meaning. For example, to keep customers happy and to keep them coming back, many businessmen will give free things.

“Burberry” specifically refers to a trench coat and not the brand.

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Even everyday conversation cannot be conducted without a few linguistic devices from the English language - “Localized idioms/phrases”.

To provide an assertive or conclusive statement, one would often end their speech with “콜” (Call/K-o-l). (That idea is) sold / Cool / Confirmed.

It is also used as a question to acquire confirmation whether the other party is okay with the deal/plan.

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Korean is a syllable-timed language in which individual word stress is insignificant. This is radically different from English and accounts for the 'flat' quality of much of the English spoken by Korean ESL students, particularly in extended pieces of oral language such as presentations.