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The root causes of the conflict in Sri Lanka primarily stem from ethnic tensions between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority. After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1948, the Sinhalese-dominated government implemented policies that marginalized Tamils, including language and educational policies that favored Sinhalese. This led to feelings of disenfranchisement among Tamils, escalating into demands for autonomy and eventually independence.

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The conflict took the form of a civil war, which lasted for nearly three decades (1983-2009). It involved open violence, including armed conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as well as widespread discrimination against the Tamil population.

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The conflict primarily affected Sri Lanka, particularly in the Northern and Eastern provinces where the Tamil population is concentrated. However, it also had regional implications, influencing Tamil communities in neighboring countries like India, especially in Tamil Nadu, where many Tamils sympathized with the LTTE.

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Tensions have been present since the late 1940s, but the civil war officially began in 1983. The conflict lasted until 2009, when the Sri Lankan government declared victory over the LTTE.

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- 1983: The outbreak of the civil war following the anti-Tamil riots.

- 1990: The exodus of Tamils from the north and east, leading to a significant refugee crisis.

- 2002: A ceasefire agreement was brokered, allowing for peace talks.

- 2006-2009: Resumption of full-scale hostilities, culminating in intense fighting.

- May 2009: The Sri Lankan government declares victory over the LTTE, marking the end of the civil war.

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timeline of events of conflict in sri lanka

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The conflict has affected hundreds of thousands of people. Estimates suggest that over 80,000 people were killed during the civil war, and many more were displaced. As of recent years, approximately 300,000 people were displaced internally, while many Tamils sought refuge in other countries, including around 100,000 living in India.

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“Sri Lanka.” Human Rights Watch, 12 Nov. 2019, www.hrw.org/asia/sri-lanka.

“Sri Lanka’s Bailout Blues: Elections in the Aftermath of Economic Collapse | Crisis Group.” Crisisgroup.org, 17 Sept. 2024, www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/341-sri-lankas-bailout-blues-elections-aftermath-economic-collapse.

“United Nations in Sri Lanka.” Srilanka.un.org, srilanka.un.org/en.