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By expanding their mobile phone operators, African and Asian providers exceeded the Western Market by aiming at a poorer but bigger audience.

Moreover, Chinese Companies were able to challenge the Western Standards and were even able to include social services in their mobile network.

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(A) Phone ownership in poor countries has a positive effect on GDP growth, that is why mobile companies around the world are growing their business by providing service for the poorer countries.

(B) Other nations expect from the Western ones are growing their business by serving for the poorer countries “As a result, mobile phone operations have emerged in Africa, India and other parts of Asia that are larger and more flexible than Western companies, and which have grown by catering for poorer customers, being therefore well-places to expand downmarket” (2009: 87).

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Summary; The need to own a mobile phone in countries like Africa ,India and other parts of Asia is stronger then in Western world. As a result phone operators have emerged to increase the acces  of mobile phones to those countries . While China is challenging Western companies in providing more   quality with their products .
Quotation; Mobile phone operators are trying to provide new access to phone users as it is said; 'A further trend is the provision of services via the mobile network which offer access to information about topics such as health care or agriculture' (2009:87).

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Hoffman (2009) talks about how telecommunication companies in developing countries have been able to thrive due to unique domestic demand. With that they get to have the chance to expand the small businesses of the country.
B) hoffman stresses this point by stating “… which have grown by catering for poorer customers, being therefore well-placed to expand downmarket.”

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the emergence of larger phone companies in Asia and africa are expanding at a speedy rate due to them being affordable and well-placed.

”have grown by catering for poorer customers, bein therefore well-placed to expand” (unkown author, pg. 87)

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GDP growth which is influenced by phone ownership is stronger than in developed world,because make calls is being introduced for the first time rather than as an alternative to existing landlines.As a result mobile phone operators have established in Indıa,Africa and other parts of Asia.Furthermore,Chinesse phone makers challenged Western companies in terms of innovation and quality.A recent trend is introduction of services via mobile network which offers an acces to information.

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(a) According to Hoffman (2000), the increase in phones across the world has helped increase local businesses and access to services, especially in countries that did not have their own phone providers or operators.
(b) Phones have a huge effect in regions in Africa and Asia, as Hoffman explains: "the effect of phone ownership on GDP growth is much stronger than in the developed world because the ability to make calls is being offered for the first time" (2000: 87).

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The japanese bathroom ceramic manufacturer Toto know with it's best-selling washlet lavatory. It is succesful in it's home market because of small and crowded bathrooms. Recently, Toto aims to enter the market of other continents. Even though its additional features Europe and America have their own rules. So different models have to be made each market.

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Toto is a Japanese manufacturer of bathroom ceramic ware, known for his Washlet lavatory with heated seat and the ability to play sounds. He is successful in Japan, and is hoping to spread his product across Europe and America as well. This may be difficult due to Europe’s own rule about lavatory desgin, and the product’s need for an electrical socket for installation which is prohibited in Europe

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Toto is a leading Japanese manufacturer of ceramic ware and one of its best-selling product is the Washlet lavatory which is used in most Japanese homes. This kind of toilet is successful in his home market because most of the flats are small and crowded but also because it provides privacy . He is having difficulties to increase his sales in Europe and America because they have their own models of toilets.

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The Washlet lavatory, which has many functions, is one of the most popular products from the Japanese company Toto, probably because their flats are very small. They also want to sell the Washlet in Europe, but have difficulties with the market due to regional restrictions on the use of electricity in the bathroom.

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Got electroshocked while using lavatory.

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Got electroshocked while using lavatory.

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Successful Japanese bathroom manufacturer is facing problems with Europe and America, in contrast with its popularity in its home country. They make lavatories that has special features and has to be plugged in to an outlet to use. But due to the regulations those lavatories cannot be plugged in to an outlet in most buildings.

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The Washlet lavatory, which costs up to $5,000, is one of its best-selling lines. This vehicle includes heated seats and can play a variety of noises. Toto is hoping to boost sales in Europe and America, where it is facing a number of challenges.

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Toto is one of the largest bathroom ceramic ware producers in Japan however since european countries have restrictions regarding electricity outlets in bathrooms their most popular product, Washlet, is having a hard time getting into europe since it has features like heating pads which require electricity.

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There’s a leading bathroom ceramic manufacturer named toto in japan and they have one best selling lavatory design with a bunch of features that satisfies the japanese people by focusing on the fact that they have small and crowded homes. But when the company decided to bring this to europe they couldn’t live up to their expectations since in Europe, the counties have their own different rules about lavatory design.
Lara
Ceyda
Şebnem

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Toto, a famous Japanese toilet ware manufacturer, want to extend their business to Europe and America but are facing  difficulties in building regulations since there is a difference between the bathroom designs in Europe and their home market. There is also a ban on specific electrical socket types. Due to the restrictions, each market needs a different design which comes as a challenge for Toto’s expansion.