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General Questions: How can organizations balance the need for information security with the need for employee access and productivity?

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General Questions: How can organizations balance the need for information security with the need for employee access and productivity?

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Communication is key to keeping a steady balance between information security and employee productivity

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How To Balance Security And Productivity For Business Growth

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Privacy guide on how to balance security & productivity for business growth with modern Information tech for company employees & workplaces

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Black Hat hackers are cyber criminals that break int systems with bad intentions.

White Hat hackers hack into systems fo help fix them and show which parts of the system are faulty.

Gray Hat hackers are somewhere in the middle as they hack for both good and bad reasons.

1. White-hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, are motivated by improving security. They work to identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, or applications with the permission of the owner, aiming to patch them before malicious actors exploit them.

Methods: They use their hacking skills for constructive purposes such as penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, and security audits.

2. Motivation: Gray-hat hackers operate in a moral gray area. They may discover vulnerabilities without authorization but may not have malicious intent. They might disclose vulnerabilities publicly or to the affected organization after exploiting them.

Methods: They may engage in activities that are not clearly illegal but could be considered unethical, such as unauthorized access to systems or networks.

3. Motivation: Black-hat hackers have malicious intent. They exploit vulnerabilities for personal gain, financial profit, espionage, or causing harm to individuals, organizations, or governments.

Methods: They engage in illegal activities such as stealing data, spreading malware, conducting phishing attacks, or launching denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

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Hacker Types: Black Hat, White Hat, and Gray Hat Hackers

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What are the three main types of hackers?

Hackers fall into three general categories: black hat hackers, white hat hackers, and gray hat hackers. Although hackers are often associated with exploiting vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to computers, systems, or networks, not all hacking is malicious or illegal.

This Article Contains:

In its purest sense, hacking is simply the application of computer skills to solve a particular problem. There are many different types of hackers, and a lot of hacking activities are beneficial, because they uncover programming weaknesses that help developers improve software products.

Here are the three hacking hat types explained:

Black hat hackers

Black hat hackers are cybercriminals that illegally crack systems with malicious intent. Seeking to gain unauthorized access to computer systems is the definition of black hat hacking. Once a black hat hacker finds a security vulnerability, they try to exploit it, often by implanting a virus or other type of malware such as a trojan.

Ransomware attacks are another favored ploy that black hat hackers use to extort financial gains or breach data systems.

Black hat hackers are also referred to as malicious hackers, unethical hackers, and crackers.

White hat hackers

White hat hackers, also known as ethical security hackers, identify and fix vulnerabilities. Hacking into systems with the permission of the organizations they hack into, white hat hackers try to uncover system weaknesses in order to fix them and help strengthen overall internet security.

Many cybersecurity leaders started out as white hat hackers, but the vital role played by ethical hacking is still widely misunderstood, as made clear by a recent ethical hacking case in Germany.

White hat hackers working on a team can be referred to as sneakers, hacker clubs, red teams, or tiger teams.

Gray hat hackers

Gray hat hackers may not have the criminal or malicious intent of a black hat hacker, but they also don't have the prior knowledge or consent of those whose systems they hack into. Nevertheless, when gray hat hackers uncover weaknesses such as zero-day vulnerabilities, they report them rather than fully exploiting them. But gray hat hackers may demand payment in exchange for providing full details of what they uncovered.

What's the difference between white, black, and gray hat hackers?

The main difference between white, black, and gray hat hackers is the motivation or intent that each type of hacker has when they break into computer systems. White hat hackers probe cybersecurity weaknesses to help organizations develop stronger security; black hat hackers are motivated by malicious intent; and Gray hat hackers operate in the nebulous area in between - they're not malicious, but they're not always ethical either.
White, black, and gray hat hackers have different motivations when breaking into systems.
Other types of hackers

Although nearly all hackers fall into one of the three categories (black hat, white hat, or gray hat), there are other types and sub-types of hackers.

Hacker type

Threat level

Description

Blue hat hackers

There are two types of blue hat hackers: security experts and revenge seekers. The former are non-malicious and employed by companies to help improve their security systems by conducting penetration tests. The latter are experienced hackers that use their skills for personal revenge against an individual or organization - without much care for money or fame.

Purple hat hackers

Purple hat hackers train their skills by hacking their own computer as an exercise. This entails using one PC to hack another PC that they own, then assessing their hacking techniques. Because purple hat hackers are practicing in a controlled environment for learning purposes, they pose little threat to anyone outside of themselves.

Red hat hackers

Also known as vigilante hackers, red hat hackers are motivated by a desire to fight back against black hat hackers, but they do this by infiltrating black hat communities on the dark web and launching hacking attacks against their networks and devices. Unlike white hat hackers, red hat hackers are not opposed to aggressive tactics, like destroying computing resources.

Green hat hackers

Green hat hackers are "green" in the sense that they're inexperienced and may lack the technical skills of more experienced hackers. At this amateur level, they may not intentionally want to cause harm, but may accidentally do so. Green hat hackers may rely on phishing and other social engineering techniques to bypass security systems.

Hacktivists

Hacktivists are activists that engage in "ethical hacking." Primarily, these hackers gain unauthorized access into systems of governments or organizations and expose secrets. Though hacktivists are motivated by what they consider just causes or values, the fallout of their attacks can still harm those who do not align with their ideologies.

Script kiddies (amateur hackers)

"Script kiddies" is slang for amateur hackers who lack the technical skills needed to create their own hacking programs or conduct sophisticated attacks, such as SQL injections, so they use scripts created by others. Despite being novices, script kiddies are still dangerous - especially since they often don't fully understand the damage they can do with the pre-created programs they use.

Whistleblowers

Whistleblowers do damage to the organizations they work for by leaking sensitive data. The specific motivation can vary widely, but typically they seek to expose the illegal or unethical activity of their targets. Some aim to expose financial fraud, workplace violations, or harassment. Others tackle government corruption.

Because their cause may not always align with others, whistleblowers are often controversial figures. Some deem them heroes, while others consider them public enemies.

Botnet hackers

Botnet hackers turn scores of infected devices into malware-laden zombies, which they control remotely and use to infect other devices. With a large enough botnet, these attackers can send large-scale spam and malware campaigns, or carry-out devastating DDoS attacks. Using a mirai botnet, hackers can seize control of a network of smart devices.

Cryptohackers

Cryptohackers steal cryptocurrency by manipulating crypto coin exchanges or DAOs. Coin exchanges operate like marketplaces, where coin holders can buy, sell, or exchange their crypto for other currencies. Cryptohackers use phishing schemes to lure their victims into scam coin exchanges and use software tools to steal digital currency.

Cryptojackers

Mining cryptocurrency is lucrative, but the process is time-consuming and expensive because it requires lots of computing power. Cryptojackers bypass the costs of crypto mining by infecting unsuspecting devices to perform complex mining processes, which then send the product (cryptocurrency) back to the hacker.

Cyberterrorists

Cyberterrorists use hacking to disrupt a country's infrastructure or networks to advance an ideology. They can use computer hacking to burden critical systems, like electricity, finance, and transportation networks. Cyberterrorism can also be used to spread fear, misinformation, or propaganda. These attackers often finance their agenda by extorting large sums of cryptocurrency.

Elite hackers

As the name suggests, elite hackers are the top-tier of hackers. They usually have years of hacking experience behind their skills and expertise. Often switching between white and black hat hacking, elite hackers are innovators that both spot cyberattacks before others and create the latest cybersecurity threats.

Gaming hackers

Gaming hackers target online gamers' login credentials, payment details, and other account information, or use DDoS attacks to shut down their accounts. Credits accumulated by professional gamers for in-game features and gear are a form of currency - and therefore, a sought-after prize for gaming hackers. Considering the prize pool for some eSports can be in the millions, this form of cyberattack is big business.

Malicious insiders

Like a whistleblower, malicious insiders operate from within an organization - but their goal is personally motivated. These hackers often have a personal vendetta against their target and aim to get revenge by exposing organizational data or attacking their network. Motivations can vary from not getting an expected raise to proving flaws in network security.

State-sponsored hackers

State-sponsored hackers are employed by governments to hack the systems of rival governments. Like soldiers in digital warfare, these hackers may be required to monitor for incoming threats or to steal confidential information. Though technically illegal, state-sponsored hackers act with a degree of impunity since they operate on behalf of their government.

Ways to protect against hackers

Prevention is key for staying safe from hackers. Here are some tried and tested ways to help protect against hackers:

Download files only from trusted sources: Hackers use file downloads from websites and emails as one of their main methods for infecting devices with malware. Don't click downloads, links, and attachments from unfamiliar or suspicious sources.

Use antivirus software: Standard-issue antivirus like Windows Defender may not be enough to detect and remove the very latest malware threats. Use the best antivirus software to help ensure your device is protected, and watch out for signs of phone hacking.

Install a VPN: The best internet security software should include a VPN, which hides your true IP address and encrypts your internet connection to prevent hackers locating you or intercepting your data. For maximum protection, complement a VPN with a firewall.

Create strong passwords and enable 2FA: Strong passwords and two-factor authentication (2FA) will make it much harder for hackers to crack into your accounts and profiles using brute force attacks and other methods.

Avoid public Wi-Fi: Public Wi-Fi is often unsecured, making it easier for hackers to exploit and leech user data, or gain back-door access to devices. If you must use public Wi-Fi, always connect via a VPN, and protect yourself with one of the best security apps for iPhone or Android.

Install updates regularly: Hackers are always discovering new exploits to attack your devices and program. Regularly installing updates will help ensure that you're protected against the latest hacker threats.

Backup important files: If a computer hacking episode requires you to reformat your system, you'll have to part with all your files and data. Having a backup of your important files enables you to pick up where you left off.

Keep your digital life safe from hackers

Despite the best efforts of white hats, malicious hackers are always finding new weaknesses to exploit. That's why having an extra layer of protection that defends against all kinds of online threats is so important.

Avast One is comprehensive cybersecurity protection that's built on top of an award-winning threat detection network. With automatic updates to help you stay ahead of hackers and heuristic malware detection to identify new and emerging threats, Avast One offers unparalleled online security.

Secure your digital life against intruders with a firewall, built-in VPN, password protection, and other advanced privacy features. Install Avast One today.

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Hacker Types: Black Hat, White Hat, and Gray Hat Hackers

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Learn the difference between black hat, white hat, and gray hat hackers, as well as other hacker types including green, blue, red, and more.

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General Questions - What is the difference between Information Security and Cyber Security? How are they the same?

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General Questions - What is the difference between Information Security and Cyber Security? How are they the same?

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Both career paths deal with the protection and security of data, however information security is more of an umbrella term that encompasses cyber security, but also deals with the security of physical and intellectual data as well. Cyber security is solely focused on the protection of digital data.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDiD0wq2VWo

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Contributor, Deputy Editor

It's easy to confuse information security (infosec) and cybersecurity, as the two areas overlap in many ways. In fact, cybersecurity is a subset of information security. However, the fields are not quite the same, with each featuring distinct specialties and requiring different skill sets.

Even within the infosec and cybersecurity communities, the distinction between these terms is hotly debated and can be blurry. Many people use "information security" and "cybersecurity" interchangeably. However, understanding the textbook definitions of these terms can help you gain a deeper understanding of how the disciplines compare and interact.

Read on to learn more about the similarities and differences between information security and cybersecurity.

Information Security vs. Cybersecurity

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recognizes information security and cybersecurity as separate career areas. That said, there is certainly an overlap between the two. Below are the key definitions and distinctions of each.

What Is Information Security?

According to NIST, infosec's core function is to safeguard information and information systems against unauthorized access and use. Unauthorized use as NIST defines it can include destroying, modifying or disclosing data, as well as disrupting the functioning of an information system.

The field aims to provide confidentiality, integrity and availability-three guiding principles that form a model commonly referred to as the CIA triad among industry professionals.

One way to understand infosec as compared to cybersecurity is to view the field as an umbrella term that includes all data, not just data stored within cyberspace. Infosec extends its protective umbrella not only over digitally-stored data, but also other forms of data, such as paper-based information. This demonstrates how cybersecurity is a type of information security, but the two fields are not identical.

Information security teams create and implement policies and systems to protect information. For large organizations, strict security systems and standard operating procedures are required to protect customers.

What Is Cybersecurity?

Living in the 21st century means much of an organization's data is stored in computer systems and networks. This is the case for nearly every industry, and the information must be protected to a high degree. Information security professionals with a cybersecurity focus are responsible for securing this digital data.

NIST defines cybersecurity as protecting, preventing damage to and restoring electronic communications services and systems. This includes the information stored in these systems, which cybersecurity professionals work to protect.

Cybersecurity covers everything that has to do with electronic systems and communications. Within the field of cybersecurity are subcategories that entail further specialization. These include areas such as cloud, network, endpoint, and critical infrastructure security.

The Biggest Differences

Confusion between information security and cybersecurity can occur since much of the information we want to store, protect and transmit exists in cyberspace. While cybersecurity is a part of information security, certain aspects of information security are not included within the realm of cybersecurity.

Information security is an overarching term for creating and maintaining systems and policies to protect any information-digital, physical or intellectual, not just data in cyberspace.

An information security expert may develop the means of data access by authorized individuals or establish security measures to keep information safe. Cybersecurity, on the other hand, focuses on protecting information from cyberattacks and threats such as ransomware and spyware.

How Information Security and Cybersecurity Overlap

Cybersecurity leader and SimSpace CISO Jordan Wigley points out, "While there are technically differences between infosec and cybersecurity, many industry professionals have begun using the terms interchangeably. It is important to pay attention to the context in which the terms are used in order to understand the true meaning by an individual or publication."

It's understandable that information security and cybersecurity are often treated as synonymous, since these fields overlap in many ways. In addition to having similar security practices, these disciplines also require similar education and skills.

"While there are technically differences between infosec and cybersecurity, many industry professionals have begun using the terms interchangeably. It is important to pay attention to the context in which the terms are used in order to understand the true meaning by an individual or publication." -Jordan Wigley, SimSpace CISO

Shared Security Practices

The most significant overlap between infosec and cybersecurity is that they use the CIA (confidentiality, integrity and availability of information) triad model to develop security policies.

The first of the triad is confidentiality, ensuring that information is only accessed and modifiable by authorized users. From a consumer perspective, for example, we expect online retailers to store and protect our data such as credit card information, home addresses and other personal information.

Second, the integrity of information ensures that it has not been tampered with and is entirely reliable. Continuing with the online retailer example, the data transmitted between the retailer and your bank must be secure. Otherwise, there may be a discrepancy between the actual cost of your goods and the amount you paid.

Finally, availability of information means that the data is available when you need it. For example, if you need to know how much money you have in your bank account, you must be able to access that information.

Related Education and Skills

At a minimum, many careers in infosec and cybersecurity require a bachelor's degree in cybersecurity, computer science, information technology or a related field. These degrees prepare you with foundational knowledge and skills to help you land a job as an analyst, engineer, specialist or tester.

These careers also call for familiarity with technologies such as database user interface and query software, network monitoring software, virus protection and web platform development.

Common Careers

Many information security and cybersecurity careers use similar or interchangeable language in their job descriptions. This is because employers often want infosec professionals with a broad array of security skills, including those in cybersecurity.

Information Security Roles

We reference salary data from Payscale and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in this section.
Information Security Analyst

Career Overview: With so much of our valuable information stored on computers, information security analysts often perform similar tasks to cybersecurity analysts. These professionals are responsible for planning, implementing, upgrading and monitoring security measures to protect computer networks and information. They may also create and share reports about security metrics and data breaches.

Average Annual Salary: About $112,000

Information Security Specialist

Career Overview: An information security specialist's role is similar to that of an information security analyst. While day-to-day duties may vary depending on the specific position, these professionals are part of teams that develop and implement information risk management frameworks, standards and policies. They also participate in risk assessments and assist users in accessing databases.

Average Annual Salary: Around $82,000

IT Security Consultant

Career Overview: As an IT security consultant, you use your infosec experience to assess and recommend improvements to an organization's information security. Your responsibilities may include supporting, implementing and following up on data privacy improvements, identity access management systems, cybersecurity management and operations.

Average Annual Salary: Over $88,000

Cybersecurity Roles
Cybersecurity Analyst

Career Overview: Cybersecurity analysts focus on protecting data from cyberattacks. These professionals perform threat and incident detection and respond to data breaches. Depending on the employer, cybersecurity analysts may develop cybersecurity awareness training and forensic analysis of information systems.

Average Annual Salary: Around $81,000

Cybersecurity Engineer

Career Overview: A cybersecurity engineer's role is expansive, overseeing the development of cybersecurity procedures and policies. This job includes building and maintaining firewalls to ensure secure transmission of information, developing security controls to protect digital files and monitoring and responding to security breaches. If you're wondering how to become a cybersecurity engineer, start with a bachelor's degree or cybersecurity bootcamp.

Average Annual Salary: Around $102,000

Penetration Tester

Career Overview: Penetration testers hackers with good intentions whose efforts improve information protection practices. Through simulated internal and external cyberattacks, these professionals breach and exploit systems and gain access to sensitive information to identify vulnerabilities. They then design and suggest security solutions to address said vulnerabilities. Pen testers also find system weaknesses and suggest improvements to bolster defenses against malicious attacks.

Average Annual Salary: Around $94,000

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Information Security vs. Cybersecurity

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Information Security Vs. Cybersecurity: What's The Difference?

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It's easy to confuse information security (infosec) and cybersecurity, as the two areas overlap in many ways. In fact, cybersecurity is a subset of information security. However, the fields are not quite the same, with each featuring distinct specialties and requiring different skill sets. Even w

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General Question: What are the emerging trends and threats in the field of information security, and how can organizations prepare for them?

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General Question: What are the emerging trends and threats in the field of information security, and how can organizations prepare for them?

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AI can give cyberattackers the upper hand but can also help defend against cyber attacks by implementing security applications. Organizations need to increase cybersecurity spending quickly to be effective.

https://www.splunk.com/en_us/campaigns/ciso-report.html?utm_campaign=google_amer_en_search_generic_security&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_content=TheCISOReport_EB&utm_term=cybersecurity%20trends&_bk=cybersecurity%20trends&_bt=676686508782&_bm=p&_bn=g&_bg=136970593882&device=c&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwn7mwBhCiARIsAGoxjaL9rZ2up__a402Xtw3b8SK9KDr3rU8J3QmSRaL6yopyYrxVUbPAd2kaAkRcEALw_wcB

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The latest on the CISO, from their expanded influence in the boardroom to generative AI's potential to transform cyber defense.

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What are the key differences between white-hat, gray-hat, and black-hat hackers, and what are the ethical and legal implications of their actions?

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What are the key differences between white-hat, gray-hat, and black-hat hackers, and what are the ethical and legal implications of their actions?

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White-host Hackers-

Ethical and Legal Implications: White-hat hacking is generally legal when done with permission and in compliance with laws and regulations. Their actions contribute to improving overall cybersecurity and protecting against cyber threats.

Gray-hat hackers-

Ethical and Legal Implications: Gray-hat hacking can be ethically ambiguous and legally risky. While their actions may sometimes lead to positive outcomes, they can also cause harm or be seen as vigilantism. Depending on their activities, they may face legal consequences.

Black-hat hackers-

Ethical and Legal Implications: Black-hat hacking is both unethical and illegal. Their actions can result in severe consequences, including financial loss, damage to reputation, legal prosecution, and significant disruption to individuals and businesses.

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difference between black hat white hat grey hat

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White Hat vs Black Hat vs Grey Hat | Difference Between Black Hat White Hat Grey Hat | Intellipaat

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🔵 Intellipaat Training Courses: https://intellipaat.com/pg-certification-cyber-security-ethical-hacking-mnit/In this session on White Hat vs Black Hat vs G...

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security

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U.S. government agencies hit in global cyberattack

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security - What are the roles and responsibilities of CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) in protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats, and how does it collaborate with other stakeholders?

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security - What are the roles and responsibilities of CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) in protecting critical infrastructure from cyber threats, and how does it collaborate with other stakeholders?

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CISA is in charge of protecting the nation's cyber systems as well as the nation's critical infrastructure. They monitor all cybersecurity threats and deal with them accordingly, not only to mitigate risk but, in addition, to lessen the impact of preexisting incidents. They work with different stakeholders such as hospitals, banks, and internet providers, and act as their cyber bodyguard.

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security: How does the National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) facilitate collaboration and information sharing among critical infrastructure stakeholders, and what lessons can other sectors learn from its approach?

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Government Agencies and Policy for Cyber Security: How does the National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) facilitate collaboration and information sharing among critical infrastructure stakeholders, and what lessons can other sectors learn from its approach?

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CISA will work hand in hand with public and private sector partners including interagency partners, sector risk management agencies (SRMAs), and regulators to build upon plans. It also establishes set roles and responsibilities for everyone involved so nothing gets confusing and sets specific protocols.

https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/national-cyber-incident-response-plan-ncirp

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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency CISA

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The National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) describes a national approach to handling significant cyber incidents. It addresses the important role that the private sector, state and local governments, and multiple federal agencies play in responding to incidents. It also describes how the actions of all these stakeholders fit together to provide an integrated response. The NCIRP reflects and incorporates lessons learned from exercises, real world incidents, and policy and statutory updates including Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-41 - US Cyber Incident Coordination (and its annex) and the National Cybersecurity Protection Act of 2014.

The NCIRP also serves as the Cyber Annex to the Federal Interagency Operational Plan (FIOP) that built upon the National Planning Frameworks and the National Preparedness System.

This plan applies to cyber incidents that are likely to result in demonstrable harm to the national security interests, foreign relations, or economy of the United States or to the public confidence, civil liberties, or public health and safety of the American people.

The current version of the National Cyber Incident Response Plan was released in December 2016 and is available here:

NCIRP 2024

CISA is leading an effort to update the National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) by the end of 2024, as directed in the 2023 National Cybersecurity Strategy, ". . . to ensure that the breadth of our nation's capacity is effectively coordinated and leveraged in reducing the impact of cyber incidents." CISA will work hand in hand with our public and private sector partners including interagency partners, sector risk management agencies (SRMAs), and regulators to build upon the successes of the first inaugural plan and incorporate valuable lessons learned during the last seven years.

The NCIRP was first published in 2016 and serves as the nation's framework for coordinated response to significant cyber incidents. Since that time, the cybersecurity threat landscape and national response ecosystem have changed dramatically, resulting in a growing need to update this foundational document. Through the NCIRP 2024 planning effort, CISA will address many of these changes, while making the NCIRP more inclusive of non-federal stakeholders and establishing a foundation for continued evolution of the nation's capability to collectively respond to and manage significant cyber incidents. As the nation's cyber defense agency and the national coordinator for critical infrastructure security, CISA will ensure that NCIRP 2024 is grounded in the following principles:

Unification. National cyber incident response requires deeply committed partnerships across all levels of government, industry, and with our international partners. The NCIRP 2024 will bring together a diverse community of stakeholders to collaborate towards a future defined by a culture of collaboration and scalable approaches that yield measurably improved results.

Shared Responsibility. Cybersecurity is a team sport with players across the cybersecurity ecosystem playing unique roles in national cyber incident response. The NCIRP 2024 will challenge traditional ways of working with our partners to move toward more forward-leaning, action-oriented collaboration to realize the full potential of each partners' authorities, capabilities, and expertise.

Learning from the Past. The past eight years have seen cyber incidents of unprecedented scale, impact, and sophistication. The NCIRP 2024 will be grounded in our collective lessons from past cybersecurity incidents to drive improvements and enable advances to national cyber incident response coordination efforts.

Keeping Pace with Evolutions in Cybersecurity. The cybersecurity landscape is a complex ever-evolving environment. The NCIRP 2024 will build processes mindful of this complexity to ensure the cybersecurity community stays ahead of inevitable changes. This approach reflects a shift to clearly defining intended outcomes and becoming more proactive. It showcases our commitment to agility in a sophisticated cybersecurity landscape by remaining vigilant and acting quickly as a collective whole.

Contact the Team

To learn more about NCIRP 2024, email us at ncirp@cisa.dhs.gov

Resource Materials

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The National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) | CISA

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The National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP) describes a national approach to handling significant cyber incidents. It addresses the important role that the private sector, state and local governments, and multiple federal agencies play in responding to incidents. It also describes how the actions of all these stakeholders fit together to provide an integrated response.