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British leader Winston Churchill, US leader FDR, and leader of the USSR Joseph Stalin.

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From February 4th to the 11th, 1945, The leaders of Britain, the US, and the USSR met in Yalta to discuss what would be done now that the war's end was in sight. They decided they wanted Germany's unconditional surrender (meaning they could do whatever to Germany), Germans (both POWs and citizens) to be punished for the war (mainly through forced repair of the damage they caused), and to split Germany and Berlin into four zones occupied by France, Great Britain, the US, and the USSR. Also, the USSR would help fight Japan three months after Germany surrendered, but the USSR got Poland and said they would allow Poland to have democratic elections (though they would rig the election in the Communist Party's favor.

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British leader Clement Attlee(who succeeded Churchill), US leader Harry Truman, and the leader of the USSR Joseph Stalin.

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From July 17th to August 2nd, 1945, the leaders of Britain, the US, and the USSR met to discuss how they would carry out the Yalta Conference. They nullified Nazi laws, abolished the German military, divided Germany and Berlin into four parts(as talked about earlier), arrested Nazi leaders for war crimes, created the Council of Foreign Ministers to make postwar policies, and gave control of German-occupied territory back to the local governments.

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On April 6th, 1945, the uranium bomb "Little Boy" was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, and about 78,000 people nearly instantly. This somewhat begins the arms race, as other countries scramble to make their own a-bombs.

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On April 9th, 1945, the plutonium bomb "Fat Man" was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki, and about 78,000 people nearly instantly. This makes the world realize that the first bomb was not a fluke.

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On March 5th, 1946, in Fulton Missouri, Winston Churchill spoke to the US about the new threat looming over the Western world. A so-called "Iron Curtain" that divided Western capitalism/democracy and Eastern communism/totalitarianism. This made America more aware and possibly afraid (the phrase "iron curtain" doesn't seem super positive) of what was happening in Europe and sowed the seeds for the second Red Scare.

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Truman giving his speech before Congress

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On March 12th, 1947, Harry Truman gave a speech stating that the US should stop at nothing to keep communism from spreading. At the time, he was advocating to only send money to Greece and Turkey(who were in the middle of civil wars over whether they should be communist or capitalist). However, it was later used to justify the Korean and Vietnam wars (which saw American troops in battle).

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Truman Doctrine - President Truman Speech on March 12, 1947: Giving Aid to Greece and Turkey.

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Truman talks about giving aid to Greece and Turkey for fear that Communist forces in those countries will take over. March 12, 1947. President Harry Truman Speech President Harry Truman Speech President Harry Truman Speech President Harry Truman Speech President Harry Truman Speech President Harry Truman Speech

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From 1947 until the government censured him in December of 1954, Joseph McCarthy used his influence as a Wisconsin Senator to accuse people of being communists. While there were a few cases where there was evidence of the accused giving information to Russia, it was mainly a witch hunt to take down political opponents and people he didn't like. As for the general public, it made people conform to what he said for fear of being called "communist" or "anti-American," and it caused general panic as it made it seem like anyone could be a communist.

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Not only does this picture depict that we are like neighbors to Western Europe, but it shows that there is a predetermined end to the aid (which isn't always the case).

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From April 3rd, 1948 to October 10th, 1951, the US supplied tons of money to kick-start their capitalist economies partially because they wanted communism to have little room to grow/be entertained as a possible idea. Also, people believed poor unemployed people would be more open to communism, so they wanted companies to rebuild and reopen factories/stores to create jobs to limit those ideas.

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On June 24th, 1948, the Soviets cut off US ground transportation to West Berlin to try to starve West Berliners into leaving (which would allow the Soviets to have full control of Berlin). This raised tensions, but the Americans found a clever way around their blockade. The Soviets wouldn't risk a war by shooting down American planes, so for about a year, the US airdropped supplies to West Berlin. The USSR ended the blockade on May 12th, 1949.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) was formed on April 4th, 1949. This discouraged the Soviets from expanding because they would be nuked if they attacked the homeland of a country in the treaty (leading to proxy wars).

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On June 25, 1950, the North Korean army attacked South Korea on their border (the 39th parallel). North Korea wanted to reunite the two countries under communism. The USSR & China backed North Korea, and America backed South Korea. A ceasefire agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, "ending" the war. Even though the war was a net loss (people died and the war ended in a stalemate), it set the precedent that the US would send troops to fight in foreign wars.

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The Rosenberg's trial started March 6th, 1951, and they were accused of espionage and giving the soviets information about atomic bombs. This sent the Red Scare paranoia into full swing, as the Rosenbergs seemed like your average American family, complete with two kids. Now it seemed like any family could be Soviet sympathizers, and no one could truly trust anyone else.

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Because the West made NATO, the Soviets decided to make the Warsaw Pact. The signings happened on May 14th, 1955. The main thing that would come out of this treaty was the sending of troops from the USSR (and most other satellite states) into Prague to stop the Czechoslovakian reformist movement

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The Vietnam War lasted from November 1, 1955 – April 30, 1975, though the U.S. soldiers were there from March 8th, 1965, to March 29th, 1973. This continued the precedent that the US could use the Truman Doctrine to send troops to a foreign country. However, it would be the last because we didn't win the Korean or Vietnam wars, so public opinion of proxy wars was poor. This war also caused a lot of turmoil in the US, as people began protesting the war in large numbers halfway through. It also decreased trust in the US government when the public discovered that the war might've been started on a lie and when Nixon didn't draw out of the war like he said he would (he actually did the opposite).

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Sputnik, the first man-made satellite, was launched by the USSR on October 4th, 1957. Now, America was worried it had fallen behind. This started the Space Race and the US/USSR started pouring tons of money into their space programs.

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On May 1st, 1960, a US spy plane was shot down over Russia, and the US got mad (but what were they expecting? They had a spy plane in enemy territory). The US canceled the Paris Summit (which would've discussed Germany's future, as well as a possible nuclear test ban), and there was a general raising of tensions again.

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This was an attempt by the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front to overthrow dictator Fidel Castro. The invasion lasted from the 17th to the 20th of April, 1961. It ultimately failed, giving Castro a base to say that he was pursuing socialism and a relationship with the Soviet Union. It also showed that Kennedy was weak on communism, as he gave up quickly.

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On August 13th, 1961, the USSR started building a wall around the entirety of West Berlin. They did this so their citizens couldn't see how much better the West was doing, and to keep their citizens from fleeing into West Berlin. The wall split many families for decades, and many died trying to escape into West Berlin.

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From Oct 16th to Oct 29th, 1962, there was widespread worry that the USSR might use nuclear force against America. Earlier, the US also placed missiles in Turkey pointed at the USSR, so in retaliation, Soviet atomic missiles were placed in Cuba. Eventually, the two leaders came to an agreement, and both countries removed their atomic weapons.

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The ban went into effect on October 10th, 1963. This relieved a lot of tension, as people saw this as a de-escalation of the arms race. While an attack could theoretically be just as likely, to many it felt like the likelihood of nuclear war reduced drastically. It was also a win for the environment, as there was a ton of radiation in the atmosphere from testing, and now that tests are underground, there is a lot less fallout in the atmosphere.

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The Apollo 11 crew were on the moon from July 16th to July 20th, 1969. This effectively ended the "race" part of the space race, but shuttles to the moon continued until 1972. It was also a huge leap for science, as we were able to study samples of the moon for the first time. The landing inspired more people to become interested in science and new technology as well.

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Nixon's visit lasted from February 21st to the 28th, 1972. This act helped rekindle relations with China and resulted in the Shanghai Communique. While no actual plans were made in the Shanghai Communique, it expressed that China and the US have plans to better their relationship. Now, it's customary for the US president to take a trip to china during their presidency.

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The first series of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) went on from November 17th, 1969, to May 26th, 1972. During this time, the sides agreed to limit the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles they have, as well as the number of anti-ICBM launching sites they have. It also introduced non-interference, which disallowed either country from meddling in a different country's internal affairs.

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South Vietnam falls to Communist North Vietnam

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South Vietnam falls to Communist North Vietnam

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On April 30th, 1975, the North Vietnamese Army captured Saigon, the Capital of South Vietnam, practically ending the war. Vietnam reunified under communism, solidifying that the US sent 58,000 troops to die in vain. It also marked the last time the US would send troops to fight communism (which might not have been the case if the South won the war).

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On November 9th, 1989, East Berliners were finally allowed to into West Berlin, and people started to tear down the Berlin Wall. Then, on July 21st, 1990, there was a huge celebration, and several bands played as the wall fell. This was a huge step to German reunification, and pretty much the nail in the coffin for the Soviet Union, as it fell only 13 months later.

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On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned from the Presidency of the Soviet Union, effectively dismantling the Soviet Union and ending the Cold War. This resulted in widespread instability in Eastern Europe and further increased crime and corruption. It also increased the US's influence, as it was now the undisputed largest world power (though China would soon start to challenge the US).