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c. 6th century : The Philosophical Foundations of Psychology

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c. 6th century : The Philosophical Foundations of Psychology

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The birth of philosophy can be largely attributed to the ancient Greeks. Significant figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle began to explore questions about the human mind and behavior, laying the groundwork for later psychological study.

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Wilhelm Wundt, often regarded as the 'Father of Experimental Psychology', established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany. This marked the formal beginning of psychology as a separate scientific discipline.

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1890: William James Publishes 'Principles of Psychology'

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1890: William James Publishes 'Principles of Psychology'

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In this seminal publication, William James presented his ideas on how the mind functions in adapting to the environment, which significantly influenced the development of functionalism.

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Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis as a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. His theories on the unconscious mind, mechanisms of repression, and the importance of dreams were groundbreaking.

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Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs led to the discovery of classical conditioning, demonstrating how organisms learn through associations. This foundational study immensely contributed to the field of behaviorism.

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John B. Watson challenged the introspective methods of psychology and advocated for behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior and its environmental determinants.

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1936: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

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1936: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

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Jean Piaget introduced his theory of cognitive development, proposing stages through which children develop intellectually. His work provided invaluable insights into how children learn and understand the world around them.

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1946: Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology

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1946: Carl Rogers and Humanistic Psychology

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Carl Rogers introduced client-centered therapy, emphasizing the importance of providing a supportive environment that facilitates personal growth. His humanistic approach highlighted the potential of every individual for self-understanding and psychological health.

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The cognitive revolution was a shift away from behaviorist approaches to psychology, placing greater emphasis on understanding mental processes such as memory, problem-solving, and decision-making.

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1970s: Elizabeth Loftus and the Study of Memory

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1970s: Elizabeth Loftus and the Study of Memory

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Elizabeth Loftus's research into the malleability of human memory, particularly regarding eyewitness testimony, had significant implications for psychology, law, and the understanding of memory itself.