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Research methodology teaches a language and a way of thinking that is known as scholarly

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The kind of methodology followed makes our understanding scientific even though we're not researching what is known as hard science, we are part of the scientific community of scholarship that is part of what modern knowledge production is all about

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Conducting our own research adds to the fund of knowledge that is available to all humankind

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There are a variety of types of research: exploratory, descriptive, and correlational

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Hard sciences consist of physics, chemistry, biology while the soft sciences consist of human and social sciences

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The empirical approach to knowledge is based on observations.

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Experimental vs NonExperimental Studies 

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Experimental vs NonExperimental Studies 

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The major purpose of an experiment is to explore cause-and-effect relationships.

The purpose of a non-experimental study is to observe participants in order to describe them as they naturally exist without experimental intervention.

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In causal-comparative studies we look to the past to identify the possible cause(s) of a condition.

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Nonexperimental studies take many forms because they serve many purposes.
-Causal-comparative research
-Survey/Poll
-Case Study
-Longitudinal Research
-Correlational Research

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A variable is a trait or characteristic with two or more categories.

All variables have mutually exclusive categories. That is, each respondent to the survey will belong to one--and only one--category.

To be exhaustive, a variable must have a category for each respondent.

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Research Hypothesis, Purposes, and Questions

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Research Hypothesis, Purposes, and Questions

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A research hypothesis predicts the outcome of a study.

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Program evaluation is almost always applied research. A needs assessment is associated with program evaluation.

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Researchers should take steps to prevent psychological harm as well as physical harm to subjects.

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A review of literature can help to justify your study if you use it to establish the importance of your topic and to show how your research flows from that of others.

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Use:
-library science databases
-Google Scholar
-look for peer-reviewed research
-look for recent research (less than 6 years old)

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-Use library database searches
-Search your topic (change the subject terms as needed)
-Use the Boolean operators
-If necessary expand your research topic

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The executive summary is the most important section of your proposal-sometimes this is all executive readers will look at, it could make or break your proposal.

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Three purposes of your description of the school:
-Introduces your school
-Establishes your school's ability to reach project goals, objectives, and activities
-Aligns your school's mission and services to the foundation's mission and interests

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Need statement identifies the problem you are having and supports the need for your proposed project, and identifies your proposed solution to fix your problem

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Description of the project and the project management plan and timeline is considered the "meat" or "heart" of your proposal

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Section 5: Project Management Plan and Timeline

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Section 5: Project Management Plan and Timeline

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This is your blueprint. Be sure to include:
-Project goals and objectives
-Specific project activities
-The date you will initiate and complete each activity
-Persons responsible for accomplishing the activity
-How you will evaluate the progress of each activity
-When you will evaluate the progress of each activity

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When planning research, you should first identify a broad problem area.

A review of literature can help to justify your study if you use it to establish the importance of your topic and to show how your research flows from that of others.

According to the topic, there are three other ways a review of literature can help you in addition to helping you identify a testable hypothesis. (1) Identify measuring tools, (2) you may be able to avoid dead ends; one of your ideas for research may have already been thoroughly investigated and proven not useful, and (3) you can learn how to write research reports by paying careful attention to the style and organization used by authors of published research.

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The methods section describes your reason for the research.

List your research questions here.

Describe the participants.

Share your procedure for obtaining your data.

This is a narrative where you can add tables if needed and survey/interview questions.

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Sections of a Research Proposal:

-Introduction
-Review of the Literature
-Methods
-Discussion
-Conclusion (include Limitations and Recommendations)