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in 1800s  archeaolgists began to dig up many buildings and artifiacts
these revealed much abount mesopotamia
and the 2 rivers,
people first setelled in 7000 bce
first settlers were hunters and gatheres
built farming villages on tigris and euphrates river 4000 bce

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-Known as the Sumerians
-built the first cities in SW Asia (Mesopotamia)
-Controlled the lower part of the Tigris and Euphrates River valley

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The fertile crescent includes parts of the modern countries of
Turkey
Syria
Iraq
Lebanon
Israel
and Jordan
The civilization of mesopotamia began on the plain between tigris and the euphrates.
The rivers are parallel to each other, and flow more than 1,000 miles.

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Farmers also raised sheep, goats, and pigs trade was another key part of sumerians economy even though many sumerians were skilled metalworkers, they had to trade with other people to uptain most of there metals. They traded wheat, barley, and tools for timber, minerals, metals 

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Farmers also raised sheep, goats, and pigs trade was another key part of sumerians economy even though many sumerians were skilled metalworkers, they had to trade with other people to uptain most of there metals. They traded wheat, barley, and tools for timber, minerals, metals 

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Technology:
The sumerians were the first people to use the wheel.
For river travel, Sumerians developed the sailboat
They used bronze to craft stronger tools, weapons, and jewelry.

Mathematics:
The Sumerians studied mathematics and astronomy.
They used geometry to measure the size of fields and to plan buildings.
Sumerians watched the positions of the stars. It showed them the best times to plant crops and to hold religious ceremonies.

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writing -
- writing was one of the most important contributions
- the cuneiform writing system was made up 1200
- those characters represent names, physical objects, and numbers
-  scribes are official record keepers
- the " Epic of Gilgamesh " was written more than 4,000 years ago

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.The sumerians that some gods had different roles.

.the very top of ziggurat was a holy place.

.Over time they rule became a hereditary.

.

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early mesopotamian farmers used water from the Tigris and Euphrates to help grow their crops. the river often flooded or did not have enough water to grow crops because of low rainfall. when it flooded, hower, irrigation occured. irrigation helped the plants thrive. surplus helped artisans and farmers trade their surplus for tools.

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People in Sumer were organized into social classes, the upper class the middle class and the lowest class.
Men were taught about a specific job, and women would take care of the children and had few civil rights.
Young adults were required to take care of their parents.

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the population of the city-states rang from 5,000-20,000 people.

the harsh landscapes made it hard to travel and communicate with other groups.

during time of peace cities-states with each other.

they mixed with crushed reeds to formed bricks and left them in the sun to dry that is how they made there structures.

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The first civilization developed around 3000 BC in river valleys in:
-Mesopotamia
-Egypt
-India
-China
What civilizations had in common:
-social classes
-government
-better technology
-religion