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Will the amount of water affect how much the mung beans germinate?
IV- Amount of water
DV- Mung bean germination
Constants- Container, environment, amount of beans per container, type of water
Null- The amount of water does not affect how much mung beans germinate, and if there is a difference, it is by chance.
Alternative- The amount of water will affect how much the mung beans germinate.
Procedure- First, fill the containers each with a different amount of water. Then, put five beans in each container. After that, record and measure their growth throughout the experiment.

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Question: Does the biodiversity of insects change for the marsh versus the biodiversity of the insects on the hill?
IV: Environment
DV: Number of bugs
Constant: Amount of time, weather
Null: The biodiversity of the insects in the marsh versus on the hill does not change, and if there is a difference, it is by chance.
Alternative: The biodiversity of the insects in the marsh versus on the hill will change.
Procedure: First, we went outside with the traps and found trees to hang the traps on. After we hung them, we let them sit outside until the next day. We then went outside and took the traps of the trees. Then, we counted the bugs and recorded and compared the data.

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Question: How does the light intensity affect the CO2 consumed in photosynthesis?
IV- Light Intensity
DV- CO2 Consumed
Constants- Container, lamp, sensor, type of leaves, time
Null- Light intensity does not affect the amount of CO2 consumed in photosynthesis, and if there is a change, it is by chance.
Alternative- Light intensity affects the amount of CO2 consumed in photosynthesis.
Procedure- First, we put the leaves in the container. Then, we put the light on and left the container under the light with the sensor for 10 minutes. After that, we recorded the data.

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When the amount of water is below 10 milliliters, the amount of water increases, the amount the seeds germinate increases. However, after that, the amount of water does not make a difference in whether or not the amount of seeds germinate more or less, and if there is a difference, it is by chance.  An example that supports this is the lab we did in class.  In the lab, we had five different containers, each with different amounts of water.  Each container was the same type and had the same amount of seeds.  The amounts of water in the containers were 0ml, 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, 20ml.  The graph in the above post shows the length of the seeds after three days of being put in the containers.  In the container with 0ml of water, the average of the seeds wasn't even half an inch.  In the container with 5ml of water, the average seed length was 1.16, the the highest was just under 1.5 inches.  In the container with 10ml, the average was 2.13, the seeds in the container with 15ml had an average length of 2.22 inches, and the seeds in the container with 20ml had an average length of 2.44 inches.  When ranges overlap, it shows that there is no difference between the values.  The averages of the length of the seeds in the containers with 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml, all have overlapping ranges, showing that at 10ml of water and above, the amount of water in the container does not affect the length of the mung beans.  However, the seeds in the container with 0ml are all shorter than the seeds in the container with 5ml, and the seeds in the container with 10ml are longer than the seeds in the container with 5ml.  None of the averages are close to each other and none of the ranges overlap, meaning that the amount of water in the container does make a difference if the amount is 10ml or under.  This all shows that if the amount of water is 10ml or above, the amount of water does not make a difference (unless by chance), and if the amount of water in the container is less than 10ml, then the amount of water does make a difference.

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Are the bugs more likely to stay in a wet environment or dry environment?
IV- Presence of water
DV- The number of bugs on each side
Constants- Temperature, number of bugs, type of bug, type of paper, size of space, type of container, time interval
Null- The presence of water in an environment does not affect the number of bugs, and if there is a change, it is due to chance
Alternative- The presence of water in an environment will affect the number of bugs in that environment
Procedure- First, place the wet paper on one side of the container and the dry paper on the other. Then, place five bugs on each side. Next, record how many bugs are on each side every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. Lastly, analyze the data and draw conclusions.

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The presence of water in an environment will affect the number of sow bugs in the environment.  An example that supports this is the lab we did in class.  In the lab, we put ten sow bugs into a container, with five on each side.  One side has a wet piece of paper and the other has a dry piece of paper.  Almost every time we checked, there were more bugs on the wet side of the container.  The sow bugs tended to go to the wet environment more because they are isopods.  This means that they are related to crustaceans.  Because of this, they have gills. This means that they breathe easier in a wet environment and are therefore less stressed and able to live their lives better in a wetter environment.

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Question: Do the existing nutrient levels of the water influence the growth rates of the Duckweed?
IV- Nutrient levels
DV- Speed of duckweed growth
Constants- Container, type of plant, water
Null- The amount of nutrients in the water does not affect the growth rates of duckweed, and if there is any difference, it is by chance
Alternative- The growth rates of duckweed will be affected by the amount of nutrients in the water.
Procedure- First, place the MiracleGro in the container. Then put the water in the container. After that, put the nutrients in the container. Then, record the results.

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High levels of nitrogen result in an increase in duckweed.  The graph from the lab shows that when there were 30 drops of nitrogen in the container, the number of duckweed in the container increased.  This is because the DNA of plants needs nutrients like nitrogen to live and grow. When there is more nitrogen, the plants have more to live and grow off of.

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The biodiversity of the insects in the marsh versus on the hill does not change, and if there is a difference, it is by chance.  The table shows that the biodiversity of the marsh was 0.69.  It also says that the biodiversity of the hill 0.68.  This is barely a difference. If we did the experiment again, it is very likely that the biodiversities would end up the same, or, by chance, the biodiversity of the hill could be higher instead. If they could end up having the same biodiversity, then that means that the biodiversity of the insects in the marsh versus on the hill is the same.

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Question:  Does the germination of the mung beans affect their respiration rate?
IV:  Wetness of the mung beans
DV: Respiration rate
Constants: Number of beans/beads, Container
Null: The germination of the mung beans does not affect their respiration rate, and if there is a change, it is by chance.
Alternative: The germination of the mung beans affects their respiration rate.
Procedure: First, place 40 beads into one container, 40 dormant beans in another, and 40 germinant beans in the last one.  Then, we connected the carbon reader to a computer and put it in the container with the beads. We let it stay in the container and measured data for 10 minutes. We repeated those two steps with the other two containers. After that, we collected our data.

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Germinated beans require more energy for growth and have a higher respiration rate.  The data shows that the average change in CO2 for the beads was 8.4, the average change in CO2 for the dormant mung beans was 37.8, and the average change in CO2 for the germinated mung beans was 654.6. When mung beans resperate, they emit CO2, meaning the CO2 levels will go up. The CO2 level of the container with germinated mung beans went up drastically more than the container with beads or dormant mung beans, meaning that germinated beans have a higher respiration rate.

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Light intensity affects the amount of CO2 consumed in photosynthesis. The graph shows that the CO2 levels of the container with leaves and light went down 93.1%, the CO2 levels of the container with light and no leaves went 2.6%, the CO2 levels of the container with no light and with leaves went 150.3%, and the CO2 levels of the container with no light or leaves went up 0.8%. The containers with leaves that were in the dark caused the CO2 levels to go drastically up. This is because there was no light for the leaves to do photosynthesis, so all the leaves are doing is respirating, which causes the CO2 levels to go up. The leaves that were in the light causes the CO2 levels to go drastically down. This is because there was light for the leaves to do photosynthesis. The leaves do more photosynthesis than respiration, causing the oxygen levels to go up and the carbon dioxide levels to go down.

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Question: Does the amount of solute concentration affect the percentage that mass changes?

IV: Solute concentration

DV: Percentage the mass changes

Constants: Amount of solution, container, number of potatoes

Null: The amount of solute concentration does not affect the percentage that mass changes

Alternative: The amount of solute concentration affects the percentage that the mass changes.

Procedure: First, we made three holes in six potatoes. Then, we poured 25 ml. of each solution into six different cups. Then, we put three potato cylinders into each cup. After that, we let them sit overnight, and then we recorded the data.

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The amount of solute concentration makes the percentage that the mass changes decrease. The mass change with 0 solute concentration was 21.1%, the mass change with 0.2 solute concentration was 12.9%, the mass change with 0.4 solute concentration was -11%, the mass change with 0.6 solute concentration was -27%, and the mass change with 0.8 solute concentration was -28.9%. The mass changes because the cell gains or loses water through osmosis. Molecules like sugar and salt are attracted to water. When the solute concentration is lower outside of the cell and higher inside the cell, then the cell is hypertonic, causing water to move into the cell. When the solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside it, then the cell is hypotonic, causing the water to leave the cell.