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Your skin is the largest and heaviest organ in your body.

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- It’s made up of your skin, nails, hair and the glands and nerves on your skin.
- Your integumentary system acts as a physical barrier

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Hair is one of the characteristic features of mammals and has various functions such as protection against external factors

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- The hair follicle serves as a reservoir for epithelial and melanocyte stem cells and it is capable of being one of the few immune privileged sites of human body.
- The duration of growth and rest cycles is coordinated by many endocrine, vascular and neural stimuli and depends not only on localization of the hair but also on various factors, like age and nutritional habits.

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Nails are composed of tough guarding protein known as alpha-keratin, which is found to be a polymer present in the hoof’s claws.

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- The lack of vitamin D, vitamin A, and calcium results in the brittleness of the fingernails. Absence of vitamin B12 results in the rounded nail ends followed by the darkened and dry nails.
- The lowered condition of hemoglobin elevates the whitish appearance of the nails, where the pink color is diminished.

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Endocrinology is the study of medicine that relates to the endocrine system, which is the system that controls hormones.

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Hormones regulate:

- Breathing
- Metabolism, which is the chemical process of converting food into energy
- Reproduction
- Sensory perception
- Movement
- Sexual development
- Growth

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Hormones act as messengers directing various functions throughout the body.

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- Hypothalamus:
The hypothalamus plays a significant role in the endocrine system. Located in the brain, it connects the endocrine system and the nervous system. Maintains the body’s internal balance, known as homeostasis. It sends messages to the pituitary gland to stimulate or inhibit hormone production.
- Pituitary:
A small organ located at the base of the brain. Receives messages from the hypothalamus that control certain body functions. Stimulates other glands to produce hormones.
- Pineal:
A small, pea-shaped gland in the brain. Produces and regulates some hormones, including melatonin.

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Thyroid dysfunction can also impact our metabolism, which results in pancreatic dysfunction.

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- Pancreas:
Part of both digestive and endocrine systems. Produces insulin and glucagon, regulating blood glucose. Also produces enzymes to aid in digestion.
- Thyroid:
A butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. Regulates metabolism, which is your body’s ability to break down food and convert it to energy.

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Fuels the production of T-cells and tells the pituitary gland to release hormones.

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- Thymus:
This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes. Important for fighting infection and are crucial as a child’s immune system develops.

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Located above the kidneys. Produces adrenaline (fight or flight hormone), and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

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- Adrenal:
Produces hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions.

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The gonads, the primary reproductive organs, are the testes in the male and the ovaries in the female. 

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- Reproductive glands:
These organs are responsible for producing the sperm and ova, but they also secrete hormones and are considered to be endocrine glands, Produce hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone They are responsible for pregnancy, puberty, menstruation, menopause, sex drive, sperm production and more.