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What the assessment is and why it is used

An example of the type of assessment

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Assessment for learning is broadly similar to formative assessment. Use of assessment for learning is based on the belief that assessment can be part of the learning process, and is important for students to increase their knowledge, not just their grades. It involves students, teachers and parents reflecting on evidence provided by assessment, allows students to grow from feedback and provides data to teachers that allows them to adjust lessons in the future.

Assessment for learning involves both formal and informal assessments. It encourages self-assessment and peer assessment as a regular part of classroom routines. Examples of assessment for learning could include exit tickets, peer editing tasks on essays, class discussions, or short quizzes.

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The key feature of assessment of learning is that it is assessment that is used to grade or rank students. After students complete an assessment, they are given a grade and feedback based on the assessment. It can be used to provide evidence of achievement for students and the community as well give data to educators that informs future learning goals. A formal, summative assessment can potentially be both assessment of learning, in that it can be used to measure achievement and rank students, as well as assessment for learning, in that feedback from the assessment can help students to improve their learning.

Examples of assessment of learning typically include any type of summative, formal or high stakes assessment, such as exams, end of unit projects, etc.

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Assessment as learning can also be considered a type of formative assessment. It means having students act as their own assessors. In involves teachers working with students to develop a range of strategies to assess how much they know, create learning targets and make plans to attain them. Assessment as learning also heavily encourages self and peer assessment and aims to be inclusive of all learners.

Examples of assessment as learning include students developing their own shared assessment criteria for a project, students comparing their own work to a model or example and students and peer-review or self-review on an assignment.

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https://www.educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/approaches

https://curriculum.gov.mt/en/Assessment/Assessment-of-Learning/Documents/assessment_of_for_as_learning.pdf

https://www.harapnuik.org/?p=8475

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Assessment for learning, assessment as learning and assessment of learning are approaches that can be used individually or together, formally or informally, to gather evidence about student achievement and to improve student learning.

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What are Diagnostic Assessments and why its use

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What are Diagnostic Assessments and why its use

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Diagnostic assessments are sets of questions (normally multiple choice or short answer) that assess a learner’s current knowledge base on a topic/issue to be studied in the course. The goal is to get a snapshot of where students currently stand allowing the instructor to make sound instructional choices regarding how to teach the new course content and what teaching approach to use.

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Kognity diagnostic test for student joing ICT course on second semester. 

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Examples of Diagnostics Assessments (DA)

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Examples of Diagnostics Assessments (DA)

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Paper-based Pre-course Diagnostics assessments to restructure the Scheme of work for the course.

Pre-unit digital DA on platforms such as Kognity, Khan Academy, GCSEPOP, etc., for modifying lesson plans, differentiation, and grouping.

Interview or Conferences/Presentations

The picture above shows a real example. Other are:
Introductory physics: A set of conceptual questions is used to assess understanding of physics fundamentals at the start of the course.

Psychology: The instructor conducts a survey to understand students’ assumptions about concepts such as the nature of mind versus the nature of behavior.

Course with group work: The instructor rolls out a self-assessment, where group members rate themselves on certain parameters. Specific examples of their previous group work are collected to understand each individual’s mindset.

Creative or fine arts: The instructor collects portfolios to judge the artistic abilities of fine arts students.

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Assessment types: Diagnostic, formative, and summative (no date) Diagnostic Assessment. Queens University. Available at: https://www.queensu.ca/teachingandlearning/modules/assessments/10_s2_02_diagnostic_assessment.html (Accessed: January 9, 2023).

Mathur, D. (2021) Diagnostic assessment: Meaning, examples, and types, Harappa. Available at: https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/diagnostic-assessment/#heading_2 (Accessed: January 9, 2023).

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Diagnostic Assessment

Another type of assessment, which is given at the beginning of the course or the beginning of the unit/topic, is known as diagnostic assessment. This assessment is used to collect data on what students already know about the topic. Diagnostic assessments are sets of written questions (multiple choice or short answer) that assess a learner's current knowledge base or current views on a topic/issue to be studied in the course. The goal is to get a snapshot of where students currently stand - intellectually, emotionally or ideologically - allowing the instructor to make sound instructional choices as to how to teach the new course content and what teaching approach to use.

They are often used pre- and post-instruction, where students are given identical pre- and post-tests before and after the course. This method allows instructors and students to chart their learning progress by comparing pre- and post-tests results. Some disciplines, such as physics, have developed a set of diagnostic tests such as Force Concept Inventory opens in new window that can be used by instructors.

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Another type of assessment, which is given at the beginning of the course or the beginning of the unit/topic, is known as diagnostic assessment. This assessment is used to collect data on what students already know about the topic.

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What is performance assessment and why is it used?

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What is performance assessment and why is it used?

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Performance assessment is sometimes described as the opposite of the state standardized testing. This assessment measures students’ ability to apply the knowledge, skills, and abilities that they’ve learned in class to authentic situations and problems. There is a clear, specific criteria that is measurable when judging the final product using standards based grading along with nuanced and detailed descriptions of the student’s performance. It is related to proficiency-based and project-based learning, and can take a number of forms, and for the assessment, a student must demonstrate skills or solve a problem, then the work is assessed through observation along with a rubric.

A traditional paper or computer based test is good to gather evidence and data on a student's knowledge of concepts, but a performance assessment is better for understanding what a student can do with their knowledge. It's especially useful when assessing students on more complex learning standards, assessing skills, and assessing their ability to apply concepts in order to solve real world problems.

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Elements of quality performance assessment (source)

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Elements of quality performance assessment (source)

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Source link

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"Examples of performance assessments include composing a few sentences in an open-ended short response, developing a thorough analysis in an essay, conducting a laboratory investigation, curating a portfolio of student work, and completing an original research paper." (Source)

More examples:

An anatomy student completing a series of exercises using a human body simulator.

ELA students writing their own short story or poem.

Drama students giving a performance.

Creating a series of themed paintings for art class

Designing and carrying out a science experiment

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1. Video on performance assessment - Youtube link (Full disclosure: This video is an hour long so I did not have time to watch it, but it seemed like a comprehensive coverage of it from the bit I watched)

2. https://medium.com/inspired-ideas-prek-12/performance-assessment-what-is-it-and-why-use-it-1394712c5d3

3. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-performance-assessment/2019/02#

4. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/cpac-performance-assessments-support-student-learning-report

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Summative assessment is an evaluation of student learning and academic achievement that takes place at the end of a term, year or semester.  They are generally measured against a well-established criterion or benchmark and are taken under controlled conditions as they tend to have a high point-value.

Examples of Summative Assessment include:

End-of-term or midterm exams

Cumulative work over an extended period such as a final project or creative portfolio

End-of-unit or chapter tests

Standardized tests that demonstrate school accountability are used for pupil admissions; SATs, GCSEs and A-Levels

Source Link: https://resourced.prometheanworld.com/types-of-summative-formative-assessment/

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Formative assessments are informal assessments used by teachers on a regular daily basis to evaluate student understanding and instruct teaching strategies. The final objective is to gather detailed data that can be utilized to identify areas of improvement and student understanding as it occurs.
Since the 1960s, formative assessments have been used in classrooms. However, they reawakened interest after the groundbreaking study 'Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment' in the late 1990s.

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The purpose of formative assessment in the classroom is to track how well students are learning and give them clear, direct feedback that will help them keep getting better. They help teachers figure out where a student is strong and where they may require more help. They also help kids figure out where they need more help.
Formative assessments let kids take charge of their learning and make changes as needed. They can also keep track of their own intended learning outcomes. This gives teachers enough time to give kids regular feedback and a chance to express their own say in how they learn.

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1. Analyzing student's work: through self or peer assessment

2. Strategic questioning: ask students complex questions to see how well they understand based on how they answer.

3. Three-way summaries: learners write three summaries of a topic, getting longer as they go, to see how well they understand it.

4. Sharing in groups: learners talk to each other about a subject while teachers take notes.

5. Classroom polls

6. One-minute papers: students write short papers to synthesize how much they've learned.

7. Quizzes and voting exercises: are done on the spot to find out what the learners know about the subject.

8. Mind maps: are a creative way for kids to sum up everything they know about a subject.

9. Visual exercise: get the learners to draw something or make a collage based on the topic as a visual exercise.

10. Q&A exercises: have learners ask their classmates questions and see who knows the answers.

11. Short presentations: have the learners discuss the topic to illustrate what they've learned.

12. Emoji Survey

13. Short answer word cloud: ask students to answer your question with one word or a short sentence. This would enable them to think carefully about their answers before sending them in.

14. End-of-class feedback forms or questionnaires: a survey can help you figure things out and give you a good idea of how things went.

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Formative assessments assist learners by helping teachers assess students' comprehension and adapt their instruction as needed:

1. Results can help empower students to learn.
2. Results enable immediate teaching adjustments.
3. Improves students' academic performance.
4. Motivates learners.
5. Sets learning objectives.
6. Engages students.
7. Gives kids more targeted and personalized feedback.
8. Accurate data helps the teacher decide on accurate methods to adapt.
9. Grades match everyone, and formative exams help pupils grasp their level.
10. Use formative assessments to adapt instruction to ensure all students learn.
11. It helps students learn their accomplishments and how to progress.

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Formative Assessments:  Using Feedback to Guide Instruction

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1. https://www.twinkl.com/teaching-wiki/formative-assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.twinkl.com/teaching-wiki/formative-assessment
2. 6 Formative Assessment Examples & Ideas. (n.d.). Mentimeter. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.mentimeter.com/blog/interactive-classrooms/formative-assessment-examples-and-ideas
3. What is formative assessment? - Teach. Learn. Grow. (2021, July 20). What Is Formative Assessment? - Teach. Learn. Grow. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.nwea.org/blog/2021/what-is-formative-assessment/