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Article 01 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Article 01 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Harvard reference:- Callus, R. & D., L. R., 2002. Working futures: the changing nature of work and employment relations in Australia., New South Wales:: Federation Press.
https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A33901

This article highlights the significant changes occurred to employee with the changing nature of work. It tells us that employees are forced to work harder for longer hours, and employment is less secure for most of the employees. In addition, part time and casual work have increased. It also tells us that collective approaches to employment relations have increasingly been replaced with more individualized arrangements.

Initially when I consider about the changes that it has brought to employees, it gives me a pleasant feelings. But when I came to know that employees are not feeling secured and is being forced to work longer and harder, I really feel stressed.

Changing the nature of work with the time is needed to enhance the flexibility of the employees. It is indeed needed for an organization. Offering flexible part time and casual work is also encouraged. But on the other hand how can the organization grow when the employees are not happy or convenient with the change brought up.

I think flexible work time can retain the employees. But forcing the employees and disrupting the employment relations can spoil the organization’s name.

I learned that an organization must consider its employees satisfaction frequently and managers must be aware what skills employees have to assign the tasks.

If I work in an organization like this I would first speak to my manager regarding this situation and try to bring up a new method so that all the employees can be benefitted.

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Working futures: the changing nature of work and employment relations in Australia

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Over the past few decades, both the nature of work and employment relations have undergone significant change in Australia. Employees are expected to work harder and for longer hours, employment is less secure for many workers, and part-time and casual work have increased significantly.

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Article 04 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Article 04 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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The Journal article “How do Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cope with Climate Change?” demonstrates in detail the evolving nature of work as a result of climate change for students. Global issues, including such changing climate, require not just intellectual endeavours for students, but also sentiments elicited by the gravity and intricacy of these challenges. This article focuses on how youth manage with climate change-related sentiments, as well as dealing mechanisms that are as significant as the emotions themselves in affecting whether students will gain information about climate change, as well as ethical sensitivity and behavioural mastery.

The development in influencing climate change knowledge, as well as ethical sensitivity and action competence, is vital for instructors to get insight into how Swedish young people manage with this problem, according to the intensive analysis of this study. One of the most essential strengths is the potential to expand educational and technological progress more with sustainable development, which increases student results.

In conclusion, "How do Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cope with Climate Change?" Ojala’s article, grants emphasis on how young people contend with climate change challenges while modifying the nature of youth work. Distancing from the reality of climate change, upregulation, positive reappraisal, faith in diverse societal actors, problem-focused coping, and spiritual hope (Ojala, M., 2012) all have strengths, but they also have consequences for youth that must be addressed, where youngsters used less problem-focused coping and more distance to cope with concern, but they trusted researchers and technology advancement more with sustainable development.

Harvard References:

Ojala, M. (2012) Regulating worry, promoting hope: How do children, adolescents, and young adults cope with climate change?., International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. International Consortium for the Advancement of Academic Publication. Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Education, 14280 Golkoy-Bolu, Turkey. e-mail: editorijese@gmail.com; Web site: http://www.ijese.com. Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ997146 (Accessed: February 19, 2023).

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Long working Hours, Occupational Helth and the Changing Nature of work Orgnization

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Article 02 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Article 02 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Harvard reference:- Jeffrey, V. J. & Lipscomb, J., 2006. Long working hours, occupational health and the changing nature of work organization. Work and Health Research Center, 49(11), pp. 921-929.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.20383

This article highlights the impact of long working hours on health of employees has been of major concern. According to this research, extended work hours are dividing workers into two classes: professionals who work regular but longer hours, and less educated workers who work fewer but more irregular hours. Prolonged and irregular hours are linked with acute reactions such as stress and fatigue with can lead to adverse health issues.

I feel too bad for the employees who are associated with these types of symptoms. I feel really sad when considering about this situation. This situation must be considered by the organization before it worsen.

Changing the nature of work is significant to adapt with the new trend in organization. But on the other hand, when the employee develops health related problems like stress and fatigue it can lead to serious health issues.

In my point of view, I would say employees must develop stress management skills to handle their work stress. Organization must also consider their employees preference of work methods to encourage their effectiveness.

Enhanced methodologies should be available to track exposure to long working hours and irregular shifts. Research should focus on the adverse impact that sleep-deprived and stressed workers may have on the health of the public they serve. A variety of protective efforts should be undertaken and evaluated.

I think employees also should know to maintain their working hours effectively at the same time the employees also must be monitored properly.

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High performance work systems,employee well-being, and jobinvolvement: an empirical study

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Article 03 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Article 03 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Harvard reference:- Chen, S.-Y., 2016. High performance work systems, employee well-being, and job involvement: an empirical study, Hong Kong: Emerald Insight.

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/PR-09-2014-0201/full/pdf?title=high-performance-work-systems-employee-well-being-and-job-involvement-an-empirical-study

This article discusses the influence of high-performance work system on employee well-being and job involvement. The results implied that organizations can create improved working environments to enhance employee well-being and job involvement by implementing this work system. It also adds to the research that increasingly shows that satisfied employees are in fact more productive.

This result gives a very delightful feeling about the employees. This kind of high performance work system approach gives satisfaction and an convenient environment to work with. Satisfied employees will be more productive will enhance the organization’s performance.

The thing that is good and going well is the contribution of HR in enhancing both employee and firm performance. As a result, the employees were also satisfied and contributed to the organization with their performances.

I think the idea of implementing improved working environments to enhance employee well-being and job involvement is the key to this success. Moreover, the dedication of the employees also plays a role in this success.

Implementing a high-performance work system is appreciated among organizations. Employee well-being matters, and it can be a very important part of HR’s role in enhancing both employee and firm performance. Finally, implementing this system not only enhance employees’ performance but also create a better working environment to provide required work-related resource for employees.

When I work in an organization like this, I would give my fullest effort and affective commitment to perform well and also, I would encourage co-workers as well.

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THE INFLUENCE OF WORK TRAINING, COMPETENCE ANDDISCIPLINE OF WORK ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PT.LESTARINDO PERKASA

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Article 04 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Article 04 Priyashantha Shanmuganathan 30071233

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Harvard reference:-  Raniasari Bimanti Esthi & Inggritz Savhira, 2019. The Influence of Work Training, Competence And Discipline Of Work On Employee Performance In Pt. Lestarindo Perkasa. Journal of Reseacrh in Business, Economics, and Education, 1(2), p. 9.

http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1283358&val=17167&title=THE%20INFLUENCE%20OF%20WORK%20TRAINING%20COMPETENCE%20AND%20DISCIPLINE%20OF%20WORK%20ON%20EMPLOYEE%20PERFORMANCE%20IN%20PT%20LESTARINDO%20PERKASA

To compete in the advancement of more complex technologies, employees must be able to think creatively, act quickly, and be right. Employee performance is therefore regarded by the company as being of utmost importance. Workplace discipline, competency, and job training are additional factors that can impact employee success. According to the article Job training is rarely done, Work competence and discipline also need to get more attention in the company.

It is very sad to hear that work discipline is still lacking, even with the advancement of technology in organization. With this advancement employees must be active and act very quickly with creative ideas.

The concern of the management regarding preparation of policies relating to employee performance, namely improving work training, competence and work discipline is appreciable. In addition, the employees also must act according and perform.

This article helps me to understand the concerns the organization must put on the employees in order to enhance the performance. It also demonstrates the need of employees’ performance to the organization.

Training is needed in order to improve the quality of human resources. Work competence and discipline also need to get more attention. High work discipline, makes it easier for organizations to achieve their goals, if employees have work discipline, employees will work effectively and be able to efficiently work on time.

If I work in an organization like this, I would try to maintain the work discipline as far as I can and also encourage co-workers to do the same.

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Harvard reference:- Barley, S.R., Bechky, B.A. and Milliken, F.J., 2017. The changing nature of work: Careers, identities, and work lives in the 21st century. Academy of Management Discoveries, 3(2), pp.111-115.
The Changing Nature of Work: Careers, Identities, and Work Lives in the 21st Century | Academy of Management Discoveries (aom.org)

Academics, researchers, and professionals regularly explore how the nature of work is evolving in the twenty-first century. The workplace of today has changed as a result of technology, globalization, and an unstable economic environment. The conventional ideas of a profession, identity, and work life are being questioned as a result. This overview of the literature looks at some of the most recent studies on how work is evolving and how it affects careers, identities, and work lives in the twenty-first century. It starts by examining how work is evolving, including how technology, globalization, and the gig economy are having an impact. The implications for jobs and identities are then examined, including the need for new skills and how work insecurity influences identity. Finally, it discusses how the evolution of new work models and the utilization of virtual teams have an impact on how people live their working lives.

Overall, the literature analysis identifies several key issues concerning the evolving character of labor in the 21st century. It first illustrates the necessity for people to pick up new skills in order to compete in a labor market that is always changing. Second, it demonstrates how seriously identity and well-being can be affected by financial insecurity in the workplace and other contexts. Thirdly, it emphasizes the significance of new work models and the necessity for businesses to evolve with the times in order to succeed. Finally, it highlights the potential for virtual teams to improve productivity and the necessity for businesses to create plans for efficiently managing them.

By examining both the effects of these changes on specific workers as well as the broader social and cultural background of the changing nature of work, "The Changing Nature of Work" makes a significant addition to the study of these topics. The book highlights the need for new approaches to education, training, and career development that can help people adapt to the rapidly changing requirements of the modern workplace by examining the ways in which work has evolved in the 21st century and the implications for individuals' careers, identities, and work lives.

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Harvard reference:- Vinichenko, M.V., Makushkin, S.A., Melnichuk, A.V., Frolova, E.V. and Kurbakova, S.N., 2016. Student employment during college studies and after career start. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(5), pp.23-29.
International Review of Management and Marketing » Submission » Student Employment during College Studies and After Career Start (dergipark.org.tr)

When it comes to paying for their education and managing their finances, college students frequently have to make difficult decisions. Students who work a part-time job can get the money they need to cover tuition, books, and other college-related costs. But, choosing to work has its own unique set of difficulties. In addition to looking at the potential advantages and disadvantages of working while in college, this essay also looks at how student employment affects college education and the beginning of a career following graduation. According to the literature, working while in college might have both advantages and disadvantages for starting a job after graduation. Positive aspects of student employment include gaining useful job experience and skills as well as additional income that can be used to pay for college-related expenses. Student employment may also aid in the development of responsibility and time-management abilities among students. The drawback of student employment is that it frequently results in poorer academic achievement as a result of pressure to priorities work over study. Student work may also result in higher stress levels and a general decline in satisfaction with college life.

Overall, the research indicates that student work can affect college academics and the beginning of a career after graduation in both positive and negative ways. While working as a student can improve income and give students valuable work experience and skills, it can also have a negative impact on academic performance and stress levels. When electing to work while in college, students should carefully consider their reasons for doing so, as well as the potential advantages and disadvantages of doing so.

In conclusion, students are becoming more worried about how the nature of work is changing and how that can affect their future professions. It will take creative ideas and a change in perspective towards education and training to prepare students for the jobs of the future.

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Student Employment during College Studies and After Career Start[#355525]-367230

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Harvard reference:- Sullivan, S.E., 1999. The changing nature of careers: A review and research agenda. Journal of management, 25(3), pp.457-484.
The Changing Nature of Careers: A Review and Research Agenda (sagepub.com)
The purpose of this literature review is to examine the changing nature of careers and to develop a research agenda to explore the impact of these changes on the individual, organization, and society. This review will explore the evolution of careers over the past few decades, the current state of careers, and the implications of these changes. The review will include key findings from the literature, research gaps, and implications for organizations.

Throughout the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the body of literature on how jobs are changing. Key patterns in the evolving character of professions, such as increased job mobility, increased usage of contingent labor, and increased job insecurity, have been noted by numerous scholars. Other scholars have looked at how these shifts can affect organizations, including how they might need to become more adaptable and responsive to shifting market conditions.

Overall, the key trends in the evolving nature of professions and their effects on people, organizations, and society have been recognized by this literature study. Also, it has pointed up a number of research holes that must be filled in order to fully comprehend the implications of the evolving nature of jobs. This assessment has laid the groundwork for future studies that will aid organizations and people in navigating the dynamic nature of jobs.

Overall, the research points to students' motivation to adapt to and be successful in the new workplace, despite their worries about how the nature of work is changing. A deeper understanding of the influences on students' attitudes and perceptions of the changing nature of work is required in order to develop strategies for assisting students in navigating the opportunities and challenges of the changing labor market.

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Harvard reference:- Fayard, A.L., 2021. Notes on the meaning of work: Labor, work, and action in the 21st century. Journal of Management Inquiry, 30(2), pp.207-220.
Notes on the Meaning of Work: Labor, Work, and Action in the 21st Century (sagepub.com)

The changing nature of labor in the twenty-first century is explored in Anne-Laure Fayard's Reflections on the Meaning of Work: Labor, Work, and Activity in the twenty-first century. Fayard offers a thorough assessment of the meaning of labor in the contemporary economy through her analysis of the conceptualizations, constructions, and experiences of work. There are three main portions to the book. The history of work is examined in the first half, from the industrial revolution to the present. According to Fayard, the modern workplace is a result of historical trends, and comprehending the past is crucial to comprehending the present. She discusses how technology has influenced the current workplace and looks at how the digital revolution will affect workers.

In conclusion, Notes on the Meaning of Work: Labor, Work, and Action in the 21st Century offers a perceptive and thorough examination of the evolving nature of employment in the modern day. Well-researched and thought-provoking, Fayard's exploration of the origins, significance, and implications of work offers a positive outlook on the future of the labor force. Everybody who wants to understand the present and future situation of work should read this book.

Overall, the research shows that students are very conscious of how the nature of work is changing and are worried about how it may affect their future jobs. Students rely to educational institutions to give them the instruction and tools they need to succeed as they attempt to develop the abilities that will make them adaptable and marketable in a labor market that is changing quickly.

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Article 01 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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Article 01 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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Taneri (2020) argues that the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation is changing the nature of work, and that higher education institutions need to adapt their teaching and learning methods in order to prepare students for an AI-powered world of work. The article's main advantage lies in its in-depth assessment of how AI may influence different facets of higher education, such as the creation of academic programs, teaching approaches, the measurement of academic performance, and the provision of support services to students. Taneri (2020) provides concrete examples of how AI can be used to enhance teaching and learning, such as through personalized learning pathways and intelligent tutoring systems.

The article has a limitation in that it is too narrowly focused on how AI can address the changing nature of work.. While Taneri (2020) acknowledges the need for students to develop a range of skills in order to succeed in an AI-powered world of work, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills, the article does not delve deeply into the concerns that students may have about the impact of AI on their future careers.

Another potential weakness of the article is its assumption that AI will inevitably lead to job displacement and the need for students to continually upskill and reskill in order to remain employable. While this is certainly a possibility, it is also possible that AI could create new jobs and opportunities that require different sets of skills than those currently valued by employers. A more nuanced discussion of the potential impact of AI on the future of work would have strengthened the article.

Overall, Taneri's (2020) article provides a useful overview of the potential of AI to transform higher education, and offers valuable insights into how educators can incorporate AI into their teaching and learning practices. However, more research is needed to fully understand the implications of AI for the changing nature of work, and to address the concerns that students may have about their future careers in an AI-powered world.

Harvard References:

Taneri, G. U. (2020). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & HIGHER EDUCATION: Towards Customized Teaching and Learning, and Skills for an AI World of Work. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(14), 50-63.https://cshe.berkeley.edu/publications/artificial-intelligence-higher-education-towards-customized-teaching-and-learning-and

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & HIGHER EDUCATION

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Article 02 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Article 02 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Researchers and politicians have been interested in the changing nature of labour for decades. Concerns about how globalisation and technology advancements will change the nature of work and employment have grown recently. The strengths and drawbacks of Scully-Russ and Torraco's (2019) integrated analysis of the literature on the evolving nature and organisation of work and its bearing on students' concerns will be looked at in this literature study.

A detailed assessment of the literature on the evolving nature and organisation of work was undertaken by Scully-Russ and Torraco (2019). They compiled the results of over 300 studies and highlighted numerous major trends, such as the rise of unconventional work arrangements, the expanding use of technology, and the alteration of the skillsets needed in the workplace. The authors did remark a dearth of research on how these shifts affect students' worries about the evolving nature of work.

The research by Scully-Russ and Torraco (2019) offers a thorough overview of the evolving structure and character of work. The authors' summary of the literature provides insightful information about the difficulties and possibilities these developments create. Their lack of attention to the unique issues facing pupils, however, limits their review. The authors recognise this shortcoming and recommend that this subject be further researched in the future.

The research by Scully-Russ and Torraco adds significantly to the body of knowledge on the evolving nature of work. The authors offer a thorough summary of the studies on this subject and emphasise the necessity for more research into how these patterns affect students' worries. However, a more specialised approach to examining the particular problems of students in connection to the evolving nature of employment would be beneficial for the review.

In summary, the evolving nature of employment is a complicated and diverse topic that necessitates constant investigation. The integrative evaluation of the literature by Scully-Russ and Torraco (2019) adds significantly to this field of inquiry. Even though the review's study of students' worries is constrained, it still emphasises the need for more research on this crucial subject.

Harvard References:

Scully-Russ, E. and Torraco, R. (2019) The changing nature and organization of work: An integrative review of the literature. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337191988_The_Changing_Nature_and_Organization_of_Work_An_Integrative_Review_of_the_Literature (Accessed: February 19, 2023).

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Article 03 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Article 03 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Because of technological improvements, the nature of work has been changing quickly, which has caused students to express anxiety. The article by Kristyn Frank and Marc Frenette, "Are new Technologies Changing the nature of work? The Evidence so far "examines how technology is affecting the labour market and how work is evolving. This study of the literature intends to evaluate the article's advantages and disadvantages and investigate how worried students are about the changing nature of employment.

The article by Frank and Frenette is well-researched and offers a thorough overview of how technology has affected the labour market. The information offered in the article is convincing and useful in helping readers comprehend how changes in technology have impacted the labour market. The essay also draws on a variety of sources, such as academic studies and statistics from reliable sources, to bolster its claims.

The article's coverage is constrained, and it only focuses on how technology affects the labour market, which is one of its flaws. Other factors, such as demographic changes, globalisation, and changes in consumer behaviour, that might be affecting the changing nature of labour are not taken into account in the article.

Students who are worried about the changing nature of work can benefit from the article's conclusions. The article claims that automation of regular tasks and the creation of new jobs are both results of technology advancements. Nonetheless, there are worries that automation would displace some jobs, resulting in job losses and the requirement for workers to reskill. Students must therefore be aware of the changing nature of the workforce as well as the talents that are in demand.

In conclusion, the article by Frank and Frenette offers an insightful evaluation of how technology has affected the labour market. Although the material is comprehensive and informative, its scope is constrained. The changing nature of work and the requirement to reskill in order to meet the new requirements of the labour market should concern students.

Harvard References:

Frank, K. and Frenette, M. (2021) Are new technologies changing the nature of work? the evidence so far. Available at: https://irpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Are-New-Technologies-Changing-the-Nature-of-Work-The-Evidence-So-Far.pdf (Accessed: February 19, 2023).

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Article 01 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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Article 01 - Dineth Ranaweera - 30071318

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The author of "The Evolving Role of American Principals: From Managerial to Instructional to Transformational Leaders," Philip Hallinger, talks about how American principals' jobs are changing. The article emphasises the transition away from management to instructional and transformational leadership, which has effects on school principals' jobs. The article focuses on the concerns and challenges principals encounter as they adjust to this evolving nature of employment.

The article emphasises the worries that American teachers have as they adjust to the evolving nature of the workplace. As they deal with increasing demands and obligations, principals experience anxiety and a sense of uncertainty. They are also thrilled about the possibility for instructional and transformational leadership to have a good impact on students.

The article offers a thorough analysis of the evolving role of American teachers, stressing both their advantages and disadvantages. The ability of instructional and transformational leadership to increase student outcomes is one of their strengths. Principals may, however, find it difficult to strike a balance between their managerial duties and their new instructional and transformative tasks.

The article offers a comprehensive overview of the difficulties principals encounter as they attempt to adjust to the evolving nature of their work. It emphasises the necessity of continual professional development and assistance for principals as they deal with increasing tasks and responsibilities.

In conclusion, Philip Hallinger's article "The Evolving Role of American Principals: From Managerial to Instructional to Transformational Leaders" sheds insight on the issues and difficulties that American principals encounter in adjusting to the developing nature of their jobs. The move towards instructional and transformational leadership has advantages, but it also has drawbacks that must be resolved. Principals must receive ongoing professional development and support in order to successfully manage these changes.

Harvard References:

Hallinger, P. (1992) The evolving role of American principals: From managerial to instructional to transformational leaders, Journal of Educational Administration. MCB UP Ltd. Available at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09578239210014306/full/html (Accessed: February 19, 2023).

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Article 03 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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Article 03 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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In this , Holden and Hamblett explore the transition from higher education into the workforce. They highlight the challenges and opportunities that arise during this period of change, as well as the different pathways that individuals may take.

The authors note that many graduates experience a sense of disconnection and fragmentation during this transition, due in part to a lack of clear guidance and support. They argue that higher education institutions must do more to help prepare students for the workforce, both in terms of practical skills and personal development. This may include providing opportunities for work experience, internships, and other forms of career preparation.

Holden and Hamblett also emphasizes the importance of social networks and personal relationships in the transition to work. Graduates who are able to build and maintain strong networks may have an advantage in terms of finding employment and navigating the job market. However, the authors note that not all graduates have access to these kinds of networks, and that this can lead to greater challenges during the transition.

In addition to these challenges, the article highlights the positive aspects of the transition to work. For example, many graduates feel a sense of cohesion and purpose when they are able to secure meaningful employment that aligns with their values and interests. The authors suggest that higher education institutions can help support this kind of positive transition by providing career guidance, mentorship, and other forms of support.

Overall,  Holden and Hamblett emphasize the importance of the transition from higher education to work, and the challenges and opportunities that arise during this period. By better understanding these challenges and opportunities, higher education institutions can help support graduates in making a successful and fulfilling transition to the workforce.

Harvard References

Holden, R., & Hamblett, J. (2009). The transition from higher education into work: tales of cohesion and fragmentation. Journal of Education and Work, 22(5), 423-436. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00400910710832014/full/html?skipTracking=true

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The transition from higher education inro work

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Article 02 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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Article 02 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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In his article "Industry 4.0: Skill set for employability," Md. Aminul Islam (2017) discusses the changing nature of work in the Industry 4.0 era and the skills that will be in demand for employability. While Islam (2017) does not specifically address how concerned students are about these changes, his article provides insights into the types of skills and competencies that students will need in order to succeed in the digital age.

Islam's (2017) article stands out for its thorough examination of the skill sets that will be sought after during the Industry 4.0 era. The article highlights the importance of digital literacy, data analytics, problem-solving, communication, and creativity, among others. These skills will be essential for students who wish to remain employable in a rapidly changing job market. According to Islam (2017), universities should change their teaching methods and courses to help students learn the skills they need for Industry 4.0. They should also offer students chances to learn through experiences, like internships and group projects, to help them develop important skills like working with different subjects and cooperating with others.

Nonetheless, the article's limitation is its failure to address the possible obstacles and apprehensions that students could face concerning the dynamic state of employment. While Islam (2017) acknowledges the need for workers to continually upskill and reskill in order to remain employable, he does not specifically address the potential anxiety or uncertainty that students may experience about their future job prospects. Further research is needed to understand how students perceive the changing nature of work and to identify strategies that can help them feel more confident and prepared for the Industry 4.0 workforce.

Overall, Islam's (2017) article provides valuable insights into the types of skills and competencies that will be in demand in the Industry 4.0 era, and offers recommendations for how higher education institutions can adapt their programs to meet these needs. However, further research is needed to fully understand the concerns and perspectives of students as they prepare for the changing nature of work.

Harvard Reference:

Islam, M. A. (2017). Industry 4.0: Skill set for employability. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 9(2), 239-251. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291122000341

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Industry 4.0 Skill set for employability

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Article -01 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Article -01 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Harvard reference:- Jim Stewart and Vanessa Knowles The changing nature of graduate careers, https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13620439910295754/full/pdf?title=the-changing-nature-of-graduate-careers

Students today are particularly concerned about the evolving nature of work. They are concerned about how globalisation and technology will affect their future professional lives. The popularity of courses that concentrate on the skills required for the new workplace reflects this worry.

This literature review's objectives are to examine the worries students have about the evolving nature of the workforce and to determine the degree to which these worries are warranted. The study will start off by going through how technology and globalisation have affected the workplace. Following that, it will examine how students might acquire the skills they need to succeed in the modern workplace. The concerns that students have about the evolving nature of employment will also be covered, along with the degree to which these fears are warranted.

On the world of work, technology and globalisation are having a significant impact. Technology makes it simpler for businesses to outsource work to low-cost nations, while globalisation makes it simpler for businesses to import goods from other countries. As a result, many businesses are shifting their operations overseas and losing numerous jobs to competitors in other countries.

The following statistics highlight how technology and globalisation have affected the workplace. As a result of outsourcing and automation, 5.6 million manufacturing jobs were lost in the United States between 2000 and 2010. (Bivens and Mishel, 2013). The following data from the United Kingdom show how technology and globalisation have affected the workplace. Between 2000 and 2010, 5.6 million people in the US.

Outsourcing and automation caused a loss of manufacturing jobs (Bivens and Mishel, 2013). Due to outsourcing and automation, 558,000 industrial jobs were lost in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2011. (Glyn, 2014).

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Article 01 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Article 01 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Harvard reference: MONTEALEGRE, R. and CASCIO, W.F. (2017) Technology Driven Changes in Work and Employment. Available at: https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=the+changing+work+and+employment+research+paper&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_qabs&t=1676474864765&u=%23p%3Dya5MUbCNj74J  (Accessed: 15 February 2023).

Review: A critical examination of how work and employment have changed in the technological age can be found in the essay "Technology Driven Changes in Work and Employment" by (Montealegre and Wayne, 2017). The authors give a thorough account of how technological improvements have affected all facets of work, including the introduction of new employment opportunities, the growth of remote work, and the greater use of automation and artificial intelligence.

The extent to which technology is driving the changes in labor and employment is one of the article's most remarkable revelations. According to the authors, the rapid adoption of technology is opening new employment options but also posing considerable difficulties for employees, businesses, and educational institutions. For instance, the huge economy has given many workers freedom and independence, but it has also resulted in unstable employment and a lack of benefits. Similarly, greater usage of automation and AI can cause job displacement and a widening pay difference between those with high-level technical abilities and those without.

The article also raises significant issues about students' worries about the evolving nature of work. According to the authors, young people are expected to be most impacted by these developments, hence educational institutions ought to help them get ready for these changes in the workplace. The essay emphasizes the need for a proactive strategy to prepare workers for the future of work, despite the authors not presenting concrete evidence on student concerns.

In conclusion, the article offers an insightful overview of how work and employment are evolving in the digital age. It emphasizes the importance of taking a proactive approach to preparing institutions and people for the future and highlights the opportunities and difficulties brought on by these developments.

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Article 04 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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Article 04 - Charith Kanishka Denike Gedara - 30064679

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This article "Work-integrated learning placements and remote working: Experiential learning online," by Bowen (2020) discusses the potential of remote work-integrated learning (WIL) placements as a means of providing students with practical work experience in an online environment. One key aspect of the article's discussion is the level of concern that students have about the changing nature of work, including the shift towards remote work.

One strength of Bowen's (2020) article is its recognition of the importance of addressing students' concerns about the changing nature of work. By providing students with remote WIL placements, educators can help to alleviate some of these concerns by giving students the opportunity to gain practical experience in a remote work environment. Bowen (2020) also acknowledges the challenges associated with remote WIL placements, including the need for students to be self-directed and motivated in their work and the need for additional support from educators to ensure that students are able to fully engage with the placement.

However, one weakness of the article is its relatively narrow focus on the potential of remote WIL placements to address student concerns about the changing nature of work. The article could have benefitted from a broader discussion of the changing nature of work and its implications for students, as well as more rigorous empirical evidence to support its argument.

Overall, Bowen's (2020) article provides valuable insights for educators who are considering incorporating remote WIL placements into their programs as a means of preparing students for the modern workforce. However, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these placements and to explore other ways in which educators can address students' concerns about the changing nature of work.

Harvard References:

Bowen, T. (2020). Work-integrated learning placements and remote working: Experiential learning online. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(2), 1-9 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Work-integrated-learning-placements-and-remote-Bowen/3a2a9b780e0348790b5b1bdf346aa38c81e973ae

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Work-integrated learning placements and remote working Experiential learning online

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Article 02 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva -30087260

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Article 02 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva -30087260

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Harvard reference: McNair, S. et al. (2004) changing work in later life: A study of job transitions. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268373251_Changing_Work_in_Later_Life_A_Study_of_Job_Transitions (Accessed: 16 February 2023).

Review : In this research "Changing Employment in Later Life: A Study of Career Transitions" (McNair et al, 2004) examine how employment and work for older employees are evolving. The authors investigated aspects like job satisfaction, retirement intentions, and the causes of employment shifts in a longitudinal study of career transitions among workers aged 50 and above.

The study offers a number of significant revelations regarding the evolving nature of labour for older people. First, the authors discovered that many older people were working past the usual retirement age, frequently out of necessity rather than choice. Given the difficulties brought on by an ageing population and the possible stress on social security systems, this tendency is likely to persist in the future.

Second, the authors stress the significance of meaningful employment and job satisfaction for older workers. They discovered that many older workers were looking for new opportunities to work in fields that matched their beliefs and interests, even if it meant forgoing a wage raise or switching industries. This also caused the students to change their type of work. They can worry about their new beliefs and ideals because of this.

Finally, the study showed that older workers experience difficulties adjusting to the changing nature of the workforce, including aging and the requirement for retraining to keep up with technological developments. The authors showed that for older people to remain useful in the workforce, employers and educational institutions must be more sensitive to their requirements.

In conclusion, this article offers useful information on how work and employment for older employees are evolving. The study emphasizes the value of meaningful work and job satisfaction and the difficulties older workers experience adjusting to the workforce's changing nature.

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Article 03 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Article 03 - Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Harvard reference: Grunberg, L. et al. (2008) The Changing Workplace and Its Effects, ResearchGate. SAGE Publications. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250959731_The_Changing_Workplace_and_Its_Effects (Accessed: 16 February 2023).

Review: The research paper "The Changing Workplace and Its Consequences" by (Grunberg et al, 2008) examines how changing work arrangements affect both employees and businesses. To better understand the effects of technological improvements and other changes in the workplace, the authors conducted an analysis of data from a survey of workers in various industries and job sectors.

According to the writers, opportunities and problems for employees and companies are both being brought up by the changing nature of work. On the one hand, new aspects for remote work and flexible scheduling have been made possible by technological improvements. Yet, these adjustments have also resulted in more employment instability and a lack of job stability for employees.

The study draws attention on workers worrying about the evolving nature of employment, particularly those of younger workers who are just starting out. Numerous employees voiced complaints about the security of their employment and the requirement for new skills to keep up with technological improvements. The authors contend that to help people stay relevant in the workforce, employers and educational institutions should concentrate more on these issues.

In conclusion, the report emphasizes the importance of taking a proactive approach to preparing institutions and workers for the future and identifies the opportunities and difficulties brought about by these developments. It is crucial that employees have the abilities and information needed to adapt as they navigate the shifting nature of the workplace.

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Understanding the changing nature of psychological contracts in 21st century organizations: A multiple-foci exchange relationships approach and proposed framewo

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Article -02 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Article -02 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Harvard reference:-  Understanding the changing nature of psychological contracts in 21st century organizations: A multiple-foci exchange relationships approach and proposed framework https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2041386616628333?casa_token=4hkq_50OS-kAAAAA:luRHlrYSjgO0r-fSqwxo9U_BklsZyDgArWiYmXERrOr1l3LCkzHOHjYoUv_kBF4yiV7vkraRyd0

How worried are students about how the nature of work is changing?

Students all throughout the world are concerned about the evolving nature of work. According to a 2016 study by Willis and colleagues, students are concerned about how technology will affect their future employment. They worry that automation will cause their jobs to disappear and that they will be replaced by technology.

The fears of students regarding the evolving nature of work are reasonable. According to a 2013 study by Frey and Osborne, 47% of American occupations could be automated within the next 20 years. Tasks that can be completed by a computer, such data input and simple manual operations, are at risk of being automated.

The way we work is also changing as a result of technology. According to a research by Hammer and Champy from 1993, the typical employee only devotes 38% of their time to tasks that are specific to their line of work. The remainder of their time is spent on computer-assisted activities like email replying and appointment setting.

Students should be concerned about the way that work is changing. Jobs that a machine can perform are at risk of being automated as technology changes how we work. But, there are also chances for students to benefit from technology. People can network with individuals around the world and pick up new skills thanks to technology. Also, students should work on enhancing their soft skills, including their ability to communicate and solve problems. These competencies will be useful in the evolving workplace.

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Article 04- Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Article 04- Wojith Ranpiya Santhosha Silva - 30087260

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Harvard reference: Benedikt, C. and Osborne, M. (2013) The Future of Employment Published by the Oxford Martin Programme on Technology and Employment. Available at: https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/future-of-employment.pdf (Accessed: 16 February 2023).

Review: ‌"The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization?" By (Frey and Osborne, 2013) looks at the potential effects of automation and computerization on the future of work. To certain which jobs are most vulnerable to automation and what this means for the future of labour, the authors examine data from a survey of over 700 occupations.

The authors discovered that many employments in a variety of industries and skill levels are vulnerable to automation. They forecast that automation and computerization will have an influence on a variety of occupations, including those in the manufacturing, transportation, and service sectors. According to the authors, these developments will impact the nature of work in the future and require a proactive strategy for retraining and education.

The report also highlights the students' worries over the evolving nature of the workforce. The authors discovered that many students were concerned about how automation and computerization will affect their chances of finding employment in the future. Concerns about the need for new skills and the possibility of job displacement in sectors that are vulnerable to automation were raised by students.

The article concludes by offering important insights on the probable effects of automation and computerization on the nature of work in the future. The report emphasizes the necessity for a proactive strategy for education and retraining to assist people to remain relevant in the evolving workplace. The findings are especially important for educators and students who need to get ready for the opportunities and difficulties of the future of employment.

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The changing nature of managerial work: The effects of corporate restructuring on management jobs and careers

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Article - 03 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Article - 03 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Harvard reference:- The changing nature of managerial work: The effects of corporate restructuring on management jobs and careers https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018726719828439?casa_token=WUjaar_F4KMAAAAA:HCdgeYfth1b-5-7DgaTcr_tGXZ8Ehp-MVdSvMPoak6-NvATakbolIVjUUx0aPDwctiKOiWpDU04

How concerned are students about the changing nature of work is an issue that is addressed in the article "How Concerned are Students about the Changing Nature of Work?" by F.D. Harari and M.M. Sussman. Students from three universities, two in the United States and one in Israel, were surveyed for the study. According to the study, students had a moderate level of anxiety about the way that the workplace is changing, with Israeli students having a higher level of concern than American students. The article offers a review of previous studies on the evolving nature of work.

The essay talks about how the gig economy, work-life balance, and job security have all been impacted by the changing nature of employment. The article also covers the retraining and up skilling that people are doing in order to adapt to the changing nature of employment.

An insightful summary of the study on the evolving nature of work is given in the article. How concerned students are about the evolving nature of work, however, is not clearly addressed in the paper. There are no statistics in the piece about how worried pupils are. The demographics of the students who took part in the study are not mentioned in the article either. Knowing this would be helpful in figuring out whether different student groups have varying levels of concern.

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Article - 04 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Article - 04 SIVASUNTHARAM THILAKSHAN 30080641

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Harvard reference:-  The changing nature of work 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/epdf/10.1596/978-1-4648-1328-3

Students all throughout the world are concerned about the evolving nature of work. While students are positive about the prospects that technology brings, a World Bank survey found that many are also concerned about how technology would affect their future professions (Do, Nguyen, & Nguyen, 2016).

According to the study, students are worried about how technology will affect their ability to find employment, their career prospects, and their income. Students are also concerned about how technology will affect social interaction and work-life balance.

The fears of students regarding the evolving nature of work are reasonable. According to a Pew Research Centre survey, there are now more professions demanding high levels of competence than there are positions needing low levels of skill (Smith, 2017).

With the development of technology, this trend is expected to persist. Jobs that can be automated will be replaced by machines as technology develops. Professions requiring innovation and interpersonal contact will be in great demand.

Students must be ready for the evolving nature of the workforce. They must be able to recognise and develop the skills that are in demand. Also, they must be equipped for a potential future employment.

Studying a variety of courses, such as STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), can help students get ready for the changing nature of the workforce. Also, they can improve their capacity for creativity and problem-solving.