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Mughal empire, created a north south religious and cultural divide which made it easier for the British to conquer the subcontinent

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Indian Mutiny: occurred due to the religious differences, as well as India had outgrown the ability of the East India Company to remain in control of it. Led to long lasting trauma among British colonists which ultimately resulted in the Amritsar massacre

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Founding of Raj

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Indian National Congress formed

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Partition of Bengal - the partition sparked radical nationalism throughout India which lead to protests as the British didn't listen to the public opinion. Separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.

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The formation of the Muslim League - a political party created to protect the interests of Muslims in India since they were underrepresented. Like the INC, the Muslim League mainly focused on upper-middle-class, educated Muslims.

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Morley reforms make concessions to the nationalists

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Elections were held for the central and provincial legislative councils. Muslims were given separate representation (separate electorates and reserved seats).
Indians now had the power to question the decision of colonial officials and debate the budget for India.

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1913: Jinnah joined the Muslim League
1916: Jinnah became the president for the first time
He believed that India had a right to independence and argued that Indians were entitled to agitate for this goal.

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WW1

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Rowlatt act introduced - act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted the internment of suspects without trial

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Amritsar Massacre

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Hunter commission

1920-22 - Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign.

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Non-cooperation campaign led to arrest of over 20,000 people

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Simon Commission is formed to consider self rule for India, it had only white members

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Gandhi imprisoned for the first time, for two years, even though sentenced for six. This was after protests turned violent in India.

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Nehru calls for dominion status

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radical protests by students , strikes in bombay backed by indian communist party

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Wall Street Crash leading to the Great Depression. Overseas markets for India's exports declined, and the value of export crops dropped substantially. Forcing peasants to borrow to survive and masses were unemployed.  As a result, millions migrated to the cities for work, adding to urban unemployed. Was one of the causes of civil unrest in the 1930s, as people joined the nationalist movement.

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Congress demands complete independence for india
Ghandi backs demand for purna swaraj

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Salt march
an act of civil disobedience led by Mohandas Gandhi to protest British rule in India. During the march, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from his religious retreat near Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea coast, a distance of some 240 miles.

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100,000 in jail
100 killed by police

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Viceroy Irwin released Ghandi and began talks in Delhi.
-Ghandi calls of civil disobedience
-britan recognizes local indan manufacturing economy
-Ghandi invited to London for second round of talks

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Gandhi is imprisoned for the second time, causing widespread resistance to the colonial power. Peasants refused to pay taxes and increased support for boycott of British goods. And another 80,000 Indians were imprisoned.

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Government of India Act - The act provided for the establishment of Reserve Bank of India. The Act also provided for the establishment of federal, provincial and joint Public Service Commissions.

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Provincial elections take place. The Congress wins 70% of the vote, causing further division between the Muslim League and the nationalist movement. Muslim League suggests that a new separate state, Pakistan, be created.

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World war 2 breaks out.
Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India

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Quit India movement
British government sends Cripps missions to negotiate with Indian leaders

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Bose forms Indian National Army under Japanese Command

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Second World War

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Last British - Indian General Election

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Direct Action Day triggers widespread communal violence

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End of British rule and partition of sub-continent into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. Hundreds of thousands die in communal bloodshed.

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Mountbatten arrives as last viceroy of India, Pakistan and India become independent

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Assassination of Gandhi, death of Jinnah