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MAGNA CARTA

In 1215, a pact known as "Magna Carta" was made, making an agreement between King John and a group of barons.

The ancient causes that led to the production of this document are different from today's conception of human rights.

The main causes were complaints from the barons due to funding in the sovereign's foreign wars; moreover King John disregarded their complaints, and provoked a rebellion of nobles who attacked London. As a consequence prompted by the demands of the barons, the king had no choice but to agree and issue a declaration, which would become known as "Magna Carta".

In this document, he outlined the guidelines he would adhere to when interacting with all "free men" of the kingdom from then on.

The Magna Carta was not a revolutionary document; its purpose was to safeguard the privileges of the aristocracy rather than the general population.

So the success of the Magna Carta was limited due to the king's failure to live up to his commitments, resulting in a resumption of disputes between him and the barons.

After King John's death, his successors made changes to the document.

Of the 63 clauses that make up the Magna Carta, the greatest importance lies in clause number 39.

The freedom of the Church of England, for example, was established by a particular clause.

The King, as stated in clause 39, undertakes to refrain from incarcerating any individual who is not enslaved without following appropriate legal procedures.

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The United Nations Organization (UNO), established in 1945, operates on three pillars: international peace and security, human rights, and development. In the face of evolving global challenges and opportunities, the UN emphasizes a collective, rule-of-law-guided response to ensure fair societies, equitable state relations, and respect for human rights. The rule of law for the UN involves universal adherence to publicly promulgated laws, equal enforcement, and compliance with international human rights norms. Upholding the rule of law is crucial for international peace, political stability, economic and social progress, and the protection of rights and freedoms. Additionally, it acts as a deterrent to corruption and abuses of power, embodying the social contract between citizens and the State and aligning with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In my opinion,the law must have a role, a task that is completed. And that it must be respected by everyone.

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The rule of law and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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The rule of law and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Sustainable Development Goal 16 focuses on promoting changes in national policies to advance various SDGs. Key aspects include law reforms, a fair justice system, and addressing the needs of marginalized groups. The rule of law is crucial for sustaining peace, requiring a holistic UN approach that integrates politics, security, development, human rights, and gender equality. Strengthening the rule of law involves adhering to international norms and addressing issues like hate speech, violent extremism, climate change, environmental problems, and challenges posed by artificial intelligence and cybercrime.my opinion on this topic is very positive. In my opinion it is right to see changes in the world that have now been created that are good for the population, which will be able to bring smiles and the blessing of every citizen.

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BEAUTIFUL ICELAND LANDSCALE
One of the most unique things about Iceland is that there are extreme geothermal activites going on underneath your feet throught the entire country.

The combination of volcanic activity and cold climate has earned Iceland the nickname “Land of Fire and Ice”.

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VOLCANO IN ICELAND
Here we are in south Iceland on the Reykjanes Penisula, headedn east. Hhere the center near to the volcano. The earth it’s boiling in Celsius,about 95.

Then in headed west to the southerm penisula region of the Island. It’s right he of the great continents meet. Plate tectonics in the theory that our planet’s surface is broken up into several rigid sectionis of thick rock. These are the Eurasian and North America tectonic plates. The friction from the shifting plates relases magma, which causes an incredible amount of heat to be relased and work it’s way up surface. This is the catalyst to geothermal energy.

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GEOTHERMAL PLANTS
Here’s were we convert the geothermal energy into useful electricity. We have pipelines connecting each field towards here. The facility is big it spans over there square miles. To date, there are 64 bore holes, each drilled almost a mile dee pinto the ground. That’s about a 500-story building. To convert the field in energy you have big rotors and rotor blades. So the steam enters the turbine, and the nit starts to rotate. You can turn the rotation into electricity. Every 45 megawatts per turbine,can run 45,000 homes.

Downsides to producing energy this way; the magma contains CO2 and also hydrogen sulfide, but this plant makes about 3% of what it would emit if it was run by fossil fuel.Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, natural gas, and others. At this plant, we are taking most of the gases and re-injecting them into the rock, where it mineralizes, so it forms rocks. As the steam turns the turbines, the waste CO2 is collected, diluted in water, and then piped back into the Earth. There, it chemically fuses to the porous volcanic rock below the Earth's surface and solidifies, so it never gets a chance to harm the atmosphere.

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GULLFOSS FALLS
One of the most popular tourist attractions in Iceland is Gullfoss. In 2017 roughly 1,340,000 people visited Gullfoss. Through there comes about 37,000 gallons per second in the summer and 21,000 in the winter.
There are over 10,000 waterfalls of all shapes and sizes throughout Iceland.
There are 10,000 waterfalls and just ten hydroelectric plants.
On the River Sog there is the oldest power station, one of 15 hydropower station that all together generate 75% of Iceland's electricity. Turbines work with constant pressure that is turned into power.

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GEOTHERMAL PLANTS