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1865-End of the American Civil War/Start of Reconstruction 

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1865-End of the American Civil War/Start of Reconstruction 

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As the Civil War ended, the Southern States had to reconstruct goverment and society. The political and social rights of the millions of newly freed Americans would become an important part of the post-war period.

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13th- ends slavery
14th- equal protection under the law
15th- voting rights for all men

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An intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.

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Writing + publication + production of A Raisin in the sun.

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Period of segregration in the states, especially the South.

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On May 31, 1921 it was reported that Dick Rowland, a Black 19 year old employee at shoeshine parlor, had allegedly assaulted a white teenager, Sarah Page. An armed group of 25 African American men, many of whom were recent World War I veterans, came to the courthouse to offer their assistance in protecting Rowland. The arrival of the men angered the white mob, which continued to grow in size. Shortly after 10 p.m., a group of 75 African American men, returned to the courthouse and were once again told to leave. As they departed in a single-file line, a white man attempted to disarm one of the African American men. The man resisted. In the scuffle, the weapon discharged. Both sides exchanged fire.

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Emmett Till, a 14-year old Black youth, was murdered in August 1955 in a racist attack that shocked the nation and provided a catalyst for the emerging civil rights movement

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Montgomery Bus Boycott - December 1955 to December 1956

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Montgomery Bus Boycott - December 1955 to December 1956

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In Montogomery, Alabama, when a bus became full, the seats nearer the front were given to white passengers. A black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested and put in jail because she refused to give up her bus seat.

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The Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States

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Ella Baker (Civil Rights) actvist- helped with the movement. A group of black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter (silently). They were verbally abused to leave, but they never left. Non violent tactics and peaceful demonstrations.

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This movement started challenging bus rights. Many African Americans were being attacked- a lot of violence.

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Big center for civil rights. Water fountains and toilets were segregated.

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Washington monument- lincoln memorial (a mile long). Organized by ML. I have a dream speech (signature moment)- hope and determination.

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Martin Luther King was the one who led the march, The majority of marchers were African Americans, who faced the challenges of racism, discrimination, and intimidation daily. The march gathered hundreds of people in Selma, Alabama all the way to the capital city. The purpose of the march was to ensure that African Americans could exercise their constitutional right to vote. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law in August.